本文關(guān)鍵詞：環(huán)境規(guī)制對(duì)中國(guó)工業(yè)集聚的影響研究　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 環(huán)境規(guī)制 產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚 影響機(jī)制 工業(yè)污染 影響因素

【摘要】：隨著人類經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的增加,對(duì)環(huán)境的破壞愈演愈烈,為了治理和防護(hù)本國(guó)環(huán)境污染,政府開始制定相應(yīng)的環(huán)境規(guī)制政策。產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚能夠有效促進(jìn)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng),因此政府及學(xué)者也都在積極尋求促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚進(jìn)一步升級(jí)的方法。目前已有部分學(xué)者認(rèn)為,環(huán)境規(guī)制的存在有可能導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移,因此本文試圖從理論和實(shí)證的雙重角度探討環(huán)境規(guī)制對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚的影響,為政策制定者提供決策參考。本文在產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚和環(huán)境規(guī)制的相關(guān)理論基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建了環(huán)境規(guī)制與工業(yè)集聚的影響機(jī)制。認(rèn)為政府提升環(huán)境規(guī)制強(qiáng)度,采用行政干預(yù)手段控制污染型生產(chǎn)要素的價(jià)格,強(qiáng)制征收污染型企業(yè)的污染稅,促使企業(yè)以增加污染處理投資或改進(jìn)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的方式減少自身的污染排放。當(dāng)生產(chǎn)成本與技術(shù)升級(jí)超出了企業(yè)的能力范圍時(shí),企業(yè)會(huì)選擇采取產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移的方式來(lái)降低環(huán)境規(guī)制給企業(yè)帶來(lái)的運(yùn)營(yíng)壓力,由此將會(huì)出現(xiàn)污染型產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)一步集聚,或者向環(huán)境規(guī)制較為寬松的地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移的現(xiàn)象。同時(shí),在此基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建理論模型。假設(shè)一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體內(nèi)存在A,B兩個(gè)地區(qū),且擁有大量的同質(zhì)廠商,同時(shí)生產(chǎn)清潔型產(chǎn)品與污染型產(chǎn)品。隨著A地區(qū)環(huán)境規(guī)制強(qiáng)度的提升,A地區(qū)企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)運(yùn)營(yíng)將面臨三種情況。情況一:接受生產(chǎn)成本的增加。當(dāng)環(huán)境規(guī)制提升時(shí),需要增加治污成本,如果企業(yè)利潤(rùn)?1?0,企業(yè)將會(huì)改變生產(chǎn)決策,出現(xiàn)情況二:改進(jìn)生產(chǎn)技術(shù),提升污染型產(chǎn)品的清潔程度。由于清潔型產(chǎn)品受環(huán)境規(guī)制的影響較小,因此為保證獲利,企業(yè)需要提升企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)技術(shù),以求提升污染型產(chǎn)品的清潔程度,此時(shí)若廠商利潤(rùn)?2??1,改進(jìn)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)為企業(yè)的最優(yōu)選擇,若?2??1,企業(yè)將因難以承受而改變生產(chǎn)決策,出現(xiàn)情況三:企業(yè)選擇產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移,流向環(huán)境規(guī)制較為寬松的地區(qū)。從20世紀(jì)70年代起,我國(guó)開始注重環(huán)保領(lǐng)域的法制監(jiān)督及執(zhí)法能力的建設(shè),經(jīng)過(guò)多年的不懈努力,已在部分領(lǐng)域初見成效。工業(yè)排放污染強(qiáng)度逐年降低,工業(yè)“三廢”的排放量得到有效控制。2003~2013年,我國(guó)工業(yè)存在明顯的集聚現(xiàn)象,但行業(yè)整體集聚水平出現(xiàn)下滑,其中資本類及勞動(dòng)力類行業(yè)集聚程度下滑明顯。各地區(qū)行業(yè)專業(yè)化程度也有所變動(dòng),以高技術(shù)行業(yè)及勞動(dòng)密集型行業(yè)為主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)的東部地區(qū),近些年工業(yè)整體集聚水平出現(xiàn)下滑;以資源類及資本類行業(yè)為主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)的東北地區(qū)與中部地區(qū),近些年資源類行業(yè)集聚程度有所提升,其中中部地區(qū)的技術(shù)類行業(yè)集聚水平也有所提升;以資源類行業(yè)為主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)的西部地區(qū),近些年區(qū)域內(nèi)資源類行業(yè)的集聚水平出現(xiàn)進(jìn)一步提升�；谖覈�(guó)的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況,以本文構(gòu)建的環(huán)境規(guī)制對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚影響機(jī)制分析為前提,采用實(shí)證分析的方式驗(yàn)證環(huán)境規(guī)制對(duì)我國(guó)工業(yè)集聚的影響�？紤]到隨著時(shí)間的推移,我國(guó)各地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平以及工業(yè)排放污染強(qiáng)度都將有所變化,因此借鑒門檻面板模型,構(gòu)建不同經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平以及不同工業(yè)排放污染強(qiáng)度下,環(huán)境規(guī)制對(duì)我國(guó)31個(gè)省份工業(yè)集聚的門檻面板數(shù)據(jù)模型。根據(jù)模型結(jié)果分析可知,受經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平與工業(yè)排放污染強(qiáng)度不同的影響,環(huán)境規(guī)制對(duì)工業(yè)集聚的作用并不一致。當(dāng)人均生產(chǎn)總值小于0.875萬(wàn)元時(shí),環(huán)境規(guī)制的提升將會(huì)促進(jìn)地區(qū)工業(yè)的集聚。當(dāng)人均地方生產(chǎn)總值超過(guò)0.875萬(wàn)元而低于6.739萬(wàn)元時(shí),環(huán)境規(guī)制的提升將會(huì)促使地區(qū)工業(yè)分散,當(dāng)?shù)貐^(qū)人均生產(chǎn)總值超過(guò)6.739萬(wàn)元時(shí),環(huán)境規(guī)制的提升會(huì)進(jìn)一步促使地區(qū)工業(yè)加速分散。參考工業(yè)排放污染強(qiáng)度,當(dāng)工業(yè)排放污染程度低于3.843時(shí),環(huán)境規(guī)制的提升將會(huì)促使工業(yè)集聚的分散。當(dāng)工業(yè)排放污染程度大于3.843時(shí),環(huán)境規(guī)制的提升將會(huì)促使工業(yè)集聚程度進(jìn)一步增加。由此可將環(huán)境規(guī)制對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚的影響背景劃分為四種狀態(tài),分別是高經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平與低污染兼具狀態(tài),中經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平與低污染兼具狀態(tài),中經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平與高污染兼具狀態(tài)以及低經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平與高污染兼具狀態(tài)。目前我國(guó)北京、天津、上海、江蘇和浙江處于高經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平與低污染兼具狀態(tài),這些地區(qū)環(huán)境規(guī)制的提升將會(huì)導(dǎo)致本地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)分散。內(nèi)蒙古、遼寧、吉林、黑龍江、安徽、福建、山東、河南、湖北、廣東、重慶、四川、西藏和陜西處于中經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平與低污染兼具狀態(tài),這些地區(qū)本地區(qū)環(huán)境規(guī)制的提升將會(huì)導(dǎo)致本地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)分散,但產(chǎn)業(yè)分散速度慢于北京、天津、上海、江蘇和浙江地區(qū)。河北、山西、江西、廣西、海南、貴州、云南、甘肅、青海、寧夏、新疆處于中經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平與高污染兼具狀態(tài),這些地區(qū)環(huán)境規(guī)制的提升對(duì)本地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚的影響要因本地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平的增速和地區(qū)污染程度而定。若本地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平進(jìn)一步提升,地區(qū)污染程度趨于好轉(zhuǎn),環(huán)境規(guī)制的提升將會(huì)導(dǎo)致本地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚程度的下降,若經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平停滯不前,地區(qū)污染程度出現(xiàn)惡化,環(huán)境規(guī)制的提升將會(huì)提升本地區(qū)的產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚程度。由此根據(jù)上文的理論與實(shí)證分析結(jié)果,結(jié)合目前我國(guó)的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況,提出推行差異化環(huán)境規(guī)制以加快工業(yè)集聚的形成和升級(jí);合理對(duì)欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)進(jìn)行政策扶持以促進(jìn)生態(tài)環(huán)境改善,創(chuàng)造有利于集聚的工業(yè)發(fā)展環(huán)境以緩和環(huán)境規(guī)制的產(chǎn)業(yè)分散壓力的政策建議。
[Abstract]:With the increase of human economic activity, more damage to the environment, in order to control and protection of national environmental pollution, the government began to develop environmental policies accordingly. Industrial agglomeration can promote regional economic growth, so the government and scholars are also actively seeking to promote the further escalation of the industrial agglomeration method. At present some scholars believe that the environment the existence of regulation may lead to the transfer of industries, so this paper attempts from the theoretical and empirical aspects of environmental regulation on the industrial agglomeration, provide decision-making reference for policy making. The relevant theoretical basis on industrial agglomeration and environmental regulation, construction of the influence mechanism of environmental regulation and industrial agglomeration. That the government improve the strength of environmental regulation, the use of administrative intervention to control pollution factor of production price, the imposition of polluting enterprises pollution tax, Encourage enterprises to increase investment in pollution treatment or the improvement of production technology to reduce pollution emissions itself. When the cost of production and technology upgrades beyond the scope of the ability of enterprises, enterprises will choose to take the transfer of industry to reduce environmental regulation brings to the enterprise operating pressure, which will be further polluting industries agglomeration, transfer or to the environmental regulation more relaxed areas. At the same time, on the basis of constructing the theoretical model. The existence of A hypothesis in an economy, B two area, and has a large number of homogeneous manufacturers, simultaneous production of cleaning products and pollution products. With the strength of environmental regulation of A regions to improve the production and operation of the company, A will face three cases. One case: accept the increase of production cost. When the environmental regulation increases, the need to increase the cost of pollution, if the enterprise profits? 1? 0, the enterprise will change life Situation two: production decision, improve production technology, improve the cleanliness of polluting products. Due to the small effect of cleaning products by environmental regulation, so as to guarantee profits, companies need to improve production technology, in order to enhance the degree of pollution cleaning products, if the manufacturers profit 2??? 1, improvement of production the optimal choice of technology for the enterprise, if 2??? 1, the enterprise will change due to unsustainable production decisions, appear three: choice of enterprise industrial transfer, to environmental regulation more relaxed area. From 1970s onwards, China began to pay attention to the construction of legal supervision in the field of environmental protection and law enforcement capacity, after years of unremitting efforts in some areas has achieved initial success. Industrial pollution emissions intensity decreased year by year, industrial "three wastes" emissions has been effectively controlled in.2003~2013, the industry of our country exists obvious phenomenon of agglomeration, but the whole industry Body concentration level decline, including capital and labor industry agglomeration level fell significantly. The industry specialization also changes, with high technology industries and labor-intensive industries as the leading industry in the eastern region, in recent years the overall decline in industrial agglomeration level; in resource and capital industry in Northeast leading industry and the central region, in recent years the resources sector has improved the degree of agglomeration, the agglomeration level of the technology industry in the central region is improved; in the resources sector, as the leading industry of the western region in recent years, the agglomeration level of regional resources industries appear to further improve. Based on the reality of our country, with the construction of environmental regulation the influence of industry agglomeration mechanism analysis foundation, using empirical analysis verify the impact of environmental regulation on China's industrial agglomeration into consideration. With the passage of time, the area of our country's level of economic development and industrial pollution emissions intensity will change, so the reference panel threshold model, construct the different level of economic development and different industrial pollution emissions intensity, environmental regulation of China's 31 provinces industrial agglomeration threshold panel data model. Based on the analysis of the model results. Affected by the level of economic development and industrial pollution emissions intensity is different, the environmental regulation on the industrial agglomeration effect is not consistent. When the per capita GDP of less than 8 thousand and 750 yuan, enhance environmental regulation will promote industrial agglomeration area. When the per capita local GDP of more than 8 thousand and 750 yuan and less than 67 thousand and 390 yuan, the promotion will promote environmental regulation industrial area when dispersed, the per capita GDP of more than 67 thousand and 390 yuan, the promotion of environmental regulation will further encourage the acceleration of industrial area branch The intensity of emission dispersion. When the reference industry, industrial pollution degree is lower than 3.843, the environmental regulation improvement will promote decentralized industrial agglomeration. When the discharge of industrial pollution is greater than 3.843, environmental regulation will promote to enhance the degree of industrial concentration further increased. The impact of environmental regulation on the industrial agglomeration in the background is divided into four kinds the state, are both high level of economic development and low pollution, both state level economic development and low pollution, the level of economic development and high pollution both state and low level of economic development and has high pollution. At present in China, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang are both high level of economic development and state low pollution, environmental regulation in these areas will lead to improvement of local industry. Liaoning, Jilin distributed in Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Fujian, Shandong, Henan, lake. North, Guangdong, Chongqing, Sichuan, Tibet and Shaanxi are both state level economic development and low pollution, local environmental regulation in these areas will lead to upgrade local industrial dispersion, but slow industry is scattered in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang area. Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hainan. Guizhou, Yunnan, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang in both state level economic development and high pollution, the impact of environmental regulation in these areas to enhance the local industrial agglomeration to depend on the growth rate and area pollution level of economic development in the region. If the level of economic development in the region to further enhance the degree of pollution to area improvement of environmental regulation will lead to a decline in the region to enhance the degree of industrial agglomeration, if the level of economic development stagnated, area pollution worsen, improve environmental regulation will increase The local industrial agglomeration degree. According to the theoretical and empirical analysis of the above results, combine with the present situation of our country, put forward the implementation of differentiated environmental regulation to accelerate industrial agglomeration formation and upgrading; reasonable for underdeveloped areas of policy support to promote the improvement of ecological environment, create a conducive to ease the environmental regulation of agglomeration the industrial development environment of the industrial pressure distribution policy recommendations.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F424;X22

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