本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于開放數(shù)據(jù)的住宅用地集約利用評價　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 住宅用地 集約用地評價 開放數(shù)據(jù) 人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò) 北京市

【摘要】：住宅用地的合理布局與高效利用不僅影響城市的發(fā)展形態(tài),還關(guān)系到人們的日常生活及居住環(huán)境。隨著我國城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的加快,城市住宅用地需求量大幅度增加,如何集約利用住宅用地成為當(dāng)前我國城市發(fā)展亟待解決的重要問題之一。本文以北京市住宅用地作為研究主體,在住宅用地功能分析的基礎(chǔ)上提出了住宅用地服務(wù)承載力的概念,構(gòu)建了住宅用地集約利用評價指標(biāo)體系。通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)爬蟲及網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用程序接口獲取住宅小區(qū)及其周邊服務(wù)設(shè)施空間和屬性數(shù)據(jù),利用二次空間疊加分析方法對住宅用地進(jìn)行地塊的識別和提取,并構(gòu)建了住宅用地數(shù)據(jù)庫。通過問卷調(diào)查的方式確定服務(wù)設(shè)施的服務(wù)半徑,并利用核密度函數(shù)對住宅用地服務(wù)承載力進(jìn)行計算。最后在九個地價等級劃分的基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò),對北京市住宅用地進(jìn)行集約利用評價,并根據(jù)評價結(jié)果提出住宅用地未來的潛力挖掘方案,為住宅用地政策制定提供建議。通過研究得出以下結(jié)論:(1)通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)開放數(shù)據(jù)提取土地利用數(shù)據(jù)是一種便捷、快速、免費的方法,它可以有效地解決傳統(tǒng)土地數(shù)據(jù)獲取困難的問題,并結(jié)合海量的網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)豐富土地利用數(shù)據(jù)的屬性,從而挖掘土地利用數(shù)據(jù)中包含的更多信息。(2)住宅區(qū)周邊服務(wù)設(shè)施的密度和距離與住宅區(qū)人口、容積率、占地面積以及地價有顯著的相關(guān)性,住宅區(qū)位條件越好,承載的居住人口越多,其周邊的服務(wù)設(shè)施越密集。反之,遠(yuǎn)離市中心的住宅區(qū),服務(wù)設(shè)施不完善,承載的居住人口數(shù)也就越少。(3)目前北京市住宅用地整體利用狀況合理,集約利用的住宅區(qū)占主體。不合理利用地塊主要分布在各行政區(qū)交接處,以東北-西南方向為界形成明顯的分區(qū):西北方向過度利用住宅區(qū)域面積較大,東南方向住宅區(qū)以低度利用為主。各個行政區(qū)及不同地價等級區(qū)域之間的住宅用地集約度各有差異。(4)未來北京市住宅用地仍有很大的挖掘潛力,建議城市的東南方向為今后住宅建設(shè)的主要發(fā)展方向,并通過城市加密及城市擴(kuò)展來進(jìn)一步提升北京市住宅用地的集約度水平,促進(jìn)住宅用地合理利用。
[Abstract]:Development of residential land rational distribution and efficient utilization not only affects the city, but also related to people's daily life and living environment. With the rapid process of urbanization in China, city residential land demand greatly increased, how the intensive use of residential land has become one of the important problems to be solved for the development of the city taking Beijing city residential land as the research subject, analyzing the land use function in the housing on the concept of residential land service capacity, construction of residential land intensive utilization evaluation index system. Access to residential areas and service facilities around the space and attribute data through the web crawler and web application interface, analysis the method of identification and extraction of residential land plots with two spatial overlay, and the construction of the residential land database. Through the questionnaire survey to determine the service Facilities and service radius, using the kernel density function of the residential land service capacity calculation. Finally build the BP neural network based on nine land classification, the Beijing city residential land intensive use evaluation, and according to the evaluation results of residential potential future mining plan, policy advice for residential use. The conclusions are as follows: (1) through the open web data extraction data of land use is a convenient, fast and free method, it can effectively solve the traditional land data acquisition problem, combined with the massive network data rich data attributes of land use, land use and mining more the information contained in the data. (2) the service facilities around the residential areas and residential population density and distance, volume rate, and covers an area of land has significant correlation, residential area A better living conditions, more population, its surrounding facilities more intensive. On the contrary, far away from the downtown residential area, service facilities are not perfect, the number of population bearing is also less. (3) the current Beijing city residential land use overall situation is reasonable, the intensive use of residential areas is not dominant. The rational use of land is mainly distributed in the administrative region at the handover, to the northeast and southwest border formed obvious Zoning: Northwest excessive use of residential area is large, the southeast direction of the residential area dominated by low use. Among the various administrative regions and different price level area of residential land intensive degree is different. (4 Beijing city) future residential land still has great potential, the southeast suggest that city is the main development direction in the future housing construction, and through the city encryption and expansion of the city to further enhance the Beijing city residential land The level of intensive degree will promote the rational use of residential land.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F299.23

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本文編號：1372692