本文關(guān)鍵詞：新疆棉花秸稈資源化的潛力研究　出處：《新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 棉花秸稈 扎根理論 SWOT 因子分析 生物質(zhì) 新疆

【摘要】：資源與環(huán)境問(wèn)題是當(dāng)前世界關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)之一,利用有限的資源、不以破壞環(huán)境為代價(jià)實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、生態(tài)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展是眾多國(guó)家、尤其是發(fā)展中國(guó)家所面臨的重要議題。在循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中,資源的可持續(xù)利用和可持續(xù)產(chǎn)出是循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)是否能健康、快速發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵,同時(shí)是發(fā)展中國(guó)家實(shí)現(xiàn)資源友好化發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn)。棉花秸稈作為一種可再生資源早已獲得認(rèn)可,對(duì)其利用問(wèn)題眾多學(xué)者也已進(jìn)行了大量探討。自上世紀(jì)90年代起,中國(guó)棉花種植空間布局的重心逐漸轉(zhuǎn)移到了西北地區(qū),新疆作為中國(guó)棉花主產(chǎn)區(qū)之一,其副產(chǎn)品棉花秸稈的數(shù)量是相對(duì)穩(wěn)定而龐大的,作為一般農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物,其處理過(guò)程中碳的排放不可小覷。但是,若將數(shù)量龐大的棉花秸稈賦予其資源屬性,無(wú)疑在減少碳排放的同時(shí),對(duì)于當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐣?huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和生態(tài)都會(huì)產(chǎn)生正面的影響。由于區(qū)域內(nèi)社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化的差異性,棉花秸稈資源化程度不盡相同,在棉花秸稈利用過(guò)程中,不同的利用模式對(duì)自然、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、生態(tài)效益均有影響,而針對(duì)區(qū)域內(nèi)棉花秸稈資源化潛力的評(píng)價(jià)研究相對(duì)匱乏,未能形成成熟的潛力判別體系。本研究基于前人對(duì)秸稈資源化的研究成果,以新疆作為研究區(qū)域,在綜合整理了現(xiàn)階段棉花秸稈利用技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,以可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論、土地報(bào)酬遞減規(guī)律、生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理、扎根理論作為理論依據(jù),通過(guò)質(zhì)性研究方法,對(duì)新疆棉花秸稈資源化現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了描述和歸納,不僅運(yùn)用因子分析法,構(gòu)建了基于SWOT的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系對(duì)其潛力進(jìn)行分析,同時(shí)從生物質(zhì)角度,基于面板數(shù)據(jù),展開對(duì)新疆棉花秸稈資源化潛力的分析。文本亦從棉花秸稈資源化潛力內(nèi)部、外部影響因素角度出發(fā),對(duì)二者協(xié)調(diào)耦合發(fā)展與棉花秸稈資源化潛力關(guān)系做了相應(yīng)論述。通過(guò)對(duì)其潛力的一系列相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)性分析和量化分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)新疆棉花秸稈資源化潛力的地區(qū)差異與變化趨勢(shì),通過(guò)分析新疆不同地區(qū)棉花秸稈資源化中存在的問(wèn)題,結(jié)合棉花秸稈資源化潛力地區(qū)差異性分析結(jié)果,提出了十種新疆棉花秸稈資源化利用的發(fā)展模式,并有針對(duì)性的對(duì)不同地區(qū)所適宜采納的模式做了相應(yīng)分析,進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)新疆棉花秸稈資源化的科學(xué)、高效、有序發(fā)展。結(jié)果表明:第一,新疆農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)較好,但種植業(yè)與畜牧業(yè)尚未達(dá)到高階協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展階段,而棉花秸稈資源化重要出路之一即對(duì)棉花秸稈的飼料化應(yīng)用,因此,種植業(yè)與畜牧業(yè)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展程度也在一定程度上影響了棉花秸稈資源化潛力的發(fā)揮;第二,新疆棉花資源化潛力較大,但利用程度有限且棉花種植區(qū)域集中程度較弱;第三,棉花秸稈資源化實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)種類較多,但其現(xiàn)實(shí)生產(chǎn)力轉(zhuǎn)化率較低;第四,社會(huì)對(duì)棉花秸稈資源利用意愿較強(qiáng),但缺乏市場(chǎng)平臺(tái)、觀念以及政策支持。根據(jù)結(jié)論,結(jié)合新疆實(shí)際,分別從循環(huán)農(nóng)業(yè)角度和棉花秸稈資源化潛力開發(fā)角度提出了對(duì)策建議:1、確保農(nóng)業(yè)資源和農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)內(nèi)部協(xié)調(diào)化發(fā)展;2、加強(qiáng)政策引導(dǎo),推廣先進(jìn)科學(xué)種養(yǎng)技術(shù),發(fā)展可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè);3、加快地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型步伐,降低農(nóng)業(yè)資源依賴度;4、著重培育棉花秸稈產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈建設(shè);5、調(diào)整農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)展循環(huán)農(nóng)業(yè);6、合理、高效配置棉花秸稈資源,增加耕地單位產(chǎn)出;7、增大教育宣傳力度,加強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)各端環(huán)保意識(shí)建設(shè)。旨在通過(guò)宏觀性政策的調(diào)控,力求加快新疆棉花秸稈資源化進(jìn)程,進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)棉花秸稈由農(nóng)作物廢棄物向農(nóng)業(yè)可再生資源的轉(zhuǎn)變。
[Abstract]:The problem of resources and environment is one of the focuses of the current world. It is an important issue for many countries, especially developing countries, to realize sustainable development of economy, society and ecology with limited resources and without destroying the environment. In the circular economy system, the sustainable utilization and sustainable output of resources is the key to the healthy and rapid development of circular economy. It is also the key node for developing countries to achieve resource friendly development. As a renewable resource, cotton straw has already been recognized, and many scholars have made a great deal of discussion on the utilization of cotton straw. Since the last century since 90s, the focus of planting space layout of cotton Chinese gradually transferred to the northwest, Xinjiang as one of the main cotton producing areas China, quantity of the by-product of cotton straw is relatively stable and large, as a general agricultural waste, emissions of carbon in the process should not be overlooked. However, if a large number of cotton stalks are given their resource attributes, they will undoubtedly reduce carbon emissions and have a positive impact on the local society, economy and ecology. Because of the difference of social, economic and cultural areas, straw resources are not the same degree of cotton, cotton straw in the process, the effect of different models on the natural, social, economic and ecological benefits of both, and to evaluate the regional cotton straw resource potential research is relatively scarce, failed to form a mature potential identification system. This study is based on the previous research achievements of straw resources, taking Xinjiang as the study area, on the basis of present comprehensive finishing technology of cotton straw utilization, the sustainable development theory, the law of diminishing land returns, the principle of ecological economics, the grounded theory as the theoretical basis, through the qualitative research method, described and summarized on the status quo of Xinjiang cotton straw resources, not only by the method of factor analysis, constructs the evaluation index system of SWOT based on the analysis of the potential at the same time, from the perspective of biomass, based on panel data to analyze the straw resources potential of cotton in Xinjiang. From the perspective of internal and external influence factors of cotton stalk resource potential, the text also discussed the relationship between the two coordinative coupling development and cotton stalk resource potential. Through qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of a series of related data on the basis of their potential, found the differences and changes of cotton straw resource potential in Xinjiang area through the analysis of the existing trend in different areas of Xinjiang cotton straw utilization problems in the combination of differences in cotton straw resource potential analysis results, put forward ten kinds of development Xinjiang cotton straw resource utilization, and targeted to different regions to adopt suitable pattern has made the corresponding analysis, and then realize the Xinjiang cotton straw resources scientific, efficient and orderly development. The results show that: first, Xinjiang good agricultural base, but farming and animal husbandry has not yet reached the high order coordinated development stage, and the cotton straw resources is one of the important way to feed on cotton straw application, therefore, the degree of coordinated development of farming and animal husbandry also affected the straw utilization potential of cotton to play in a certain degree on the second, Xinjiang cotton; potential resource is large, but the utilization rate is limited and the region of cotton planting concentration is weak; third, realize many kinds of technology of cotton straw resources, but the real productivity of low conversion; fourth, the society of cotton straw resource utilization will strong, but the lack of market platform, concept and policy support. According to the conclusion, combined with the actual Xinjiang, respectively, from the circulation agriculture angle and cotton straw resources potential development perspective and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions: 1, to ensure that agricultural resources and agricultural economy to achieve internal coordination development; 2, strengthen policy guidance, the promotion of advanced science and technology, agricultural sustainable development; 3, accelerate the pace of transformation of agricultural area, reduce the agricultural resource dependence; 4, foster the construction industry chain of straw cotton; 5, the adjustment of agricultural structure, the development of circular agriculture; 6, rational and efficient allocation of resources of cotton stalks, increasing cultivated land per unit of output; 7, increase education propaganda, strengthen the environmental awareness of the construction market each end. The aim is to speed up the process of cotton stalk recycling in Xinjiang through macro regulation and control policy, and then achieve the transformation of cotton stalk from crop waste to agricultural renewable resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F323.214

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