發(fā)布時間：2017-12-28 14:27

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：要素市場價格扭曲對中國經(jīng)濟的影響—理論與實證　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 要素市場價格扭曲 收入分配 消費 投資 產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)

【摘要】：近年來,宏觀經(jīng)濟失衡問題日益成為我國學(xué)術(shù)界和政府都普遍關(guān)注的問題：收入分配格局不斷惡化、消費不振、投資過熱、出口萎靡、技術(shù)進步乏力、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)一直未能實現(xiàn)優(yōu)化等等。而這些問題,追根溯源都與要素市場價格扭曲有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系,要素市場的價格扭曲已經(jīng)嚴重影響到了我國的可持續(xù)發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型。本文旨在從理論和實證上厘清要素市場價格扭曲與中國宏觀經(jīng)濟失衡之間的關(guān)系和作用機制,為推動要素市場化改革和轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟增長方式提供可行的辦法和思路。本文的研究主要得出了以下結(jié)論：本文利用C-D生產(chǎn)函數(shù)測算出我國各省的資本和勞動要素市場價格的扭曲度,然后利用住宅用地與工業(yè)用地價格之比度量土地要素價格的扭曲度。在此基礎(chǔ)之上,構(gòu)建模型,分析了要素市場的價格扭曲是如何影響收入分配的。通過理論分析和實證檢驗,發(fā)現(xiàn)資本市場的扭曲對勞動收入占比的影響不顯著,而勞動市場的扭曲和土地市場的扭曲會顯著影響勞動收入占比,但不同的是勞動市場的扭曲會降低勞動收入占比,而土地市場扭曲的扭曲則會提高勞動收入占比,有助于改善收入分配的狀況。政府采取轉(zhuǎn)移支付等政策來調(diào)節(jié)初次收入分配結(jié)果時,可以縮小收入差距,會對改善收入分配格局起到一定的作用。然后,本文就要素市場價格扭曲對我國宏觀經(jīng)濟的影響展開實證分析。首先是對消費的影響。在這一部分中,我們分別構(gòu)建了包含收入分配和不包含收入分配的兩個回歸方程,分析顯示,在沒有加入收入分配這一解釋變量時,資本、土地和勞動的要素價格扭曲都對消費有顯著影響,資本的價格扭曲會提高平均消費傾向,而勞動和土地的價格扭曲會顯著降低平均消費傾向;加入收入分配之后,資本和勞動要素市場價格扭曲對平均消費傾向的回歸系數(shù)數(shù)值都變小了,且在1%的顯著性水平下顯著,驗證了要素市場的價格扭曲影響消費的傳導(dǎo)渠道：資本市場與勞動力市場的扭曲主要是通過收入分配來影響消費的,而土地市場的扭曲則會直接影響消費。要素市場價格扭曲對于投資的影響體現(xiàn)在：資本市場的價格扭曲不利于投資,而勞動力市場的價格扭曲有利于投資；對于勞動密集型行業(yè)的投資來說,勞動力市場的價格扭曲的影響更大,對于資本密集型行業(yè)來說,資本市場的價格扭曲影響程度更大；并且,資本市場的價格扭曲不利于FDI的流入,勞動力市場和土地市場的價格扭曲有助于FDI的流入。對于出口來說,每個要素市場價格的扭曲都有利增加出口。對于技術(shù)進步,要素市場價格扭曲會阻礙全要素生產(chǎn)率的提高。要素市場價格扭曲對產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響：資本市場和勞動力市場扭曲度的提高會降低二三產(chǎn)業(yè)的產(chǎn)值之比,也會降低資本密集型與勞動密集型行業(yè)的產(chǎn)值之比；而土地市場扭曲程度的增加會提高二三產(chǎn)業(yè)的產(chǎn)值之比。本文這部分的研究有助于理解要素價格扭曲對我國宏觀經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的作用機制、傳導(dǎo)渠道等,同時也可以為我國改變增長驅(qū)動方式、促進產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級提供新的思路。最后,系統(tǒng)歸納總結(jié)了前文的研究內(nèi)容,然后有針對性地提出了要素市場化改革、改善收入分配、改變經(jīng)濟增長方式以及促進產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級的建議和措施。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the problem of macroeconomic imbalance has been increasingly concerned by academia and government in our country: the pattern of income distribution is deteriorating, consumption is sluggish, investment is overheated, exports are sluggish, technological progress is weak, and industrial structure has not yet been optimized. These problems are closely related to the price distortion of the factor market. The price distortion of the factor market has seriously affected the sustainable development and economic transformation of our country. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship and mechanism between factor market price distortion and China's macroeconomic imbalance from theoretical and empirical perspectives, so as to provide feasible ways and ideas for promoting market-oriented reform and transformation of economic growth mode. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: in this paper, we use C-D production function to calculate the distortions of capital and labor factors in China's provinces, and then use the ratio of residential land and industrial land to measure the distortion of land price. On this basis, the model is built to analyze how the price distortion of the factor market affects the income distribution. Through theoretical analysis and empirical test, found that capital market distortions had no significant impact on the labor income share, and labor market distortions and land market distortions will significantly affect the labor income share, but the difference is the labor market distortions will reduce the labor income share, and the land market distortion distortion will increase labor income share, help to improve the condition of income distribution. When the government adopts the policy of transfer payment to adjust the results of the initial income distribution, it can reduce the income gap, and will play a certain role in improving the distribution pattern of income. Then, this paper carries out an empirical analysis on the impact of the factor market price distortion on China's macro-economy. The first is the impact on consumption. In this part, we show the analysis were constructed including income distribution and do not contain the two regression equation, the distribution of income, the income distribution in the absence of added to the explanatory variables, capital, land and labor factor price distortions have a significant impact on consumption, capital price distortions will increase the average propensity to consume. While labor and land price distortion will significantly reduce the average propensity to consume; after the distribution of income, capital and labor market distortions in the regression coefficients of numerical average consumption tendency are smaller, and in the 1% level of significance was verified, the elements of market price distortions affect the transmission channels of consumption: the capital market with the labor market distortion is mainly to influence consumption through income distribution, and the land market distortions will directly affect the consumer. The elements of market price distortions to investment effect reflected in the capital market: the price distortion is not conducive to investment, and labor market price distortions to investment; for labor-intensive industry investment, the impact of labor market price distortions for more capital intensive industry, capital market price distortion influence more; and, the capital market price distortion is not conducive to the inflow of FDI, labor market and land market price distortions into the help FDI. For exports, the distortions in the market price of each element are favorable for increasing exports. For technological progress, factor market price distortions will impede the increase of total factor productivity. The elements of market distortions in the influence of the industrial structure, labor market and capital market to increase the degree of distortion will reduce the ratio of the output of the two or three industry, will also reduce the capital intensive and labor-intensive industry output ratio; and the land market distortions in increasing the ratio of the output of the two or three industry. The study of this part helps to understand the mechanism and channel of factor price distortion to China's macro-economic development, and it can also provide new ideas for China to change the way of growth drive and promote the upgrading of industrial structure. Finally, the paper summarizes the previous research contents, and then puts forward some suggestions and measures for market-oriented reform, improving income distribution, changing the mode of economic growth and promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F124
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本文編號：1346389