本文關(guān)鍵詞：軌道交通對城市群緊湊發(fā)展及其經(jīng)濟(jì)效率的影響研究　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 城市群緊湊度 軌道交通的網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng) 經(jīng)濟(jì)緊湊 空間緊湊 資本緊湊 交通緊湊 經(jīng)濟(jì)效率

【摘要】：緊湊發(fā)展理論作為一種城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論,在西方發(fā)達(dá)國家如美國、歐洲、澳大利亞等被廣泛研究和實(shí)踐。但是,隨著我國城鎮(zhèn)化的迅速推進(jìn),針對城市土地粗放擴(kuò)張、城市經(jīng)濟(jì)效率低下以及城市群發(fā)育緩慢等問題,緊湊發(fā)展理論能否有效地指導(dǎo)我國新型城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè),為我國新型城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)提供新的發(fā)展思路?緊湊集約型發(fā)展模式是否是我國城市群發(fā)展的理想選擇?軌道交通在城市群緊湊發(fā)展中的作用機(jī)理是什么?如何才能充分發(fā)揮其對城市群緊湊發(fā)展的支撐作用?基于以上問題,本文做了以下研究工作:(1)軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)化對城市群緊湊發(fā)展的時空效應(yīng)分析。從空間和時間兩個基本維度對城市群軌道交通的時空經(jīng)濟(jì)屬性進(jìn)行了考察,分析了軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)對城市群空間形態(tài)演化的影響,得出不同的城市群軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)模式對應(yīng)著不同的城市群空間形態(tài);軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)能夠促進(jìn)城市群網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間結(jié)構(gòu)的形成,每一次軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的優(yōu)化,縮短了城市間的時間距離,降低了各類要素流動的成本,為尋找最有區(qū)位,居民和產(chǎn)業(yè)等經(jīng)濟(jì)主體在城市群更大范圍內(nèi)擴(kuò)散和集聚,這必然導(dǎo)致城市群空間結(jié)構(gòu)的進(jìn)一步完善與發(fā)展,最終促使城市群網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間結(jié)構(gòu)的形成。(2)軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)化對城市群緊湊發(fā)展的聚集效應(yīng)分析。從交通成本和可達(dá)性兩個視角分析了軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)對城市群緊湊發(fā)展的影響機(jī)理。首先通過簡單的理論模型分析了交通成本約束下的軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)對城市群集聚經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響,并著重分析了軌道交通節(jié)點(diǎn)的集聚效應(yīng)及軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)對城市群要素流動的同城效應(yīng)。其次,基于可達(dá)性分別從微觀、中觀、宏觀層面分析了軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)對企業(yè)及居民區(qū)位選擇、城市群勞動產(chǎn)業(yè)分工以及城市群城鎮(zhèn)化與工業(yè)化發(fā)展的作用機(jī)理。(3)城市群緊湊發(fā)展理論分析及其緊湊度測度�；诰o湊發(fā)展理論、集聚經(jīng)濟(jì)理論、城市空間相互作用理論等,首先全面系統(tǒng)地界定了緊湊型城市群的概念及內(nèi)涵,探究影響我國城市群緊湊發(fā)展的因素,并從微觀、中觀及宏觀層面分析了城市群緊湊發(fā)展的內(nèi)在動力和實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑。在此基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建城市群緊湊發(fā)展程度的測度模型,從產(chǎn)業(yè)緊湊、空間緊湊、資本緊湊以及交通緊湊四個角度對我國十大城市群近十年緊湊發(fā)展程度進(jìn)行測算,結(jié)果顯示:從2001年至2013年,我國十大城市群綜合緊湊度均呈現(xiàn)出總體上升趨勢,但城市群緊湊度總體不高,且空間差異大。珠三角城市群的綜合緊湊度始終處于首位,而長三角、京津冀城市群的綜合緊湊度也始終處于前列,而長江中游、成渝、中原城市群由于處于相對偏僻的中西部地區(qū),在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、資本投資、勞動力增長等方面相對落后,從而導(dǎo)致這些城市群整體發(fā)育程度較低,城市群緊湊度也相對較低。(4)城市群緊湊發(fā)展對城市群經(jīng)濟(jì)效率的影響。本文分析了城市群緊湊發(fā)展對經(jīng)濟(jì)效率的作用機(jī)理,首先采用隨機(jī)前沿方法(SFA)對我國十大城市群經(jīng)濟(jì)效率進(jìn)行了測算,結(jié)果顯示,我國十大城市群自2001年至2013年經(jīng)濟(jì)效率均呈現(xiàn)出逐年增加的趨勢;按經(jīng)濟(jì)效率的大小,依次為長三角、珠三角、山東半島、遼中南、海峽西岸、成渝、京津冀、長江中游、關(guān)中、中原,且該順序一直貫穿于這13年中。這一結(jié)果表明處于東部沿海地區(qū)的城市群經(jīng)濟(jì)效率明顯高于處于中西部地區(qū)的城市群。在此基礎(chǔ)上,基于科布-道格拉斯生產(chǎn)函數(shù)構(gòu)建城市群緊湊度-經(jīng)濟(jì)效率模型,以探究城市群緊湊度與其經(jīng)濟(jì)效率的關(guān)系,在固定效應(yīng)模型中,城市群緊湊度變量與經(jīng)濟(jì)效率呈現(xiàn)出明顯的非線性關(guān)系。城市群緊湊度對城市群生產(chǎn)效率具有顯著的積極影響,而城市群緊湊度的二次項(xiàng)也表現(xiàn)出與經(jīng)濟(jì)效率顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,這表明城市群緊湊度的變化與城市群經(jīng)濟(jì)效率呈現(xiàn)出倒U型拋物線關(guān)系,即初期隨著城市群緊湊度的提高,城市群經(jīng)濟(jì)效率逐漸上升直到達(dá)到最高臨界點(diǎn)后,城市群緊湊度的繼續(xù)增加將會導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)效率的下降,這符合經(jīng)濟(jì)增長規(guī)律。因此,城市群緊湊發(fā)展要有一定限度,過高的城市群緊湊度不利于城市群的持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。(5)軌道交通對城市群緊湊發(fā)展及其經(jīng)濟(jì)效率的實(shí)證分析。通過構(gòu)建軌道交通-城市群緊湊度模型和軌道交通-城市群緊湊度-生產(chǎn)率模型,選取2001年至2013年我國十大城市群相關(guān)面板數(shù)據(jù),主要運(yùn)用面板最小二乘法和廣義矩估計法(GMM)對城市群軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)與城市群緊湊度以及經(jīng)濟(jì)效率的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了估計,結(jié)果顯示:①軌道交通變量對城市群緊湊度具有顯著的積極影響,但這一影響存在時間滯后性。這意味著通過進(jìn)一步完善軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和服務(wù)來引導(dǎo)和促進(jìn)城市群緊湊發(fā)展是有效的,軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模的增加以及區(qū)域內(nèi)軌道交通密度的提高對于促進(jìn)城市群緊湊發(fā)展具有積極的推動作用。②軌道交通和城市群緊湊度對城市群經(jīng)濟(jì)效率呈現(xiàn)出顯著的正向影響,軌道交通既對城市群經(jīng)濟(jì)效率產(chǎn)生直接影響,又通過影響城市群緊湊度對經(jīng)濟(jì)效率產(chǎn)生間接影響,而滯后解釋變量對城市生產(chǎn)率變化的影響雖然較小,但卻是顯著的,這說明了軌道交通和城市群緊湊度對城市群生產(chǎn)率變化量的影響具有滯后性。這一結(jié)果表明緊湊度高的城市群往往經(jīng)濟(jì)效率也高,這也解釋了世界上一些大的城市群聚集了大量的勞動人口和產(chǎn)業(yè),不僅提高了城市群的總體緊湊度,也促進(jìn)了生產(chǎn)率的提高。(6)城市群軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)內(nèi)在機(jī)理及網(wǎng)絡(luò)效率評價。在實(shí)現(xiàn)城市群緊湊發(fā)展的過程中,軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)化發(fā)展發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。軌道交通具有顯著的網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng),其微觀機(jī)理包括來自客運(yùn)需求方的網(wǎng)絡(luò)效益和來自貨運(yùn)需求方的網(wǎng)絡(luò)效益,具體包括節(jié)約旅客在途時間的效益、減少疲勞,提高勞動生產(chǎn)率的效益、減少交通擁擠的效益以及節(jié)約運(yùn)輸資源、加強(qiáng)運(yùn)網(wǎng)內(nèi)運(yùn)輸生產(chǎn)能力、增強(qiáng)運(yùn)網(wǎng)空間輻射能力等;其宏觀機(jī)理包括提升可達(dá)性的空間經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系效應(yīng)、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化效應(yīng)、區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚與擴(kuò)散的效應(yīng)以及縮小地區(qū)差距的效應(yīng)。軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有"門檻性"特征,必須在形成一定網(wǎng)絡(luò)時才能最大化網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用DEA分析法對我國十大城市群的軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)效率進(jìn)行了估算,并利用Malmquist指數(shù)模型對我國十大城市群2001至2013年軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)效率變化及其分類分異情況進(jìn)行考察,從總體平均水平來看,2001年至2013年我國十大城市群平均技術(shù)效率和純技術(shù)效率變化上升,技術(shù)有所退步,規(guī)模優(yōu)化,總體網(wǎng)絡(luò)效率呈現(xiàn)出弱衰退趨勢,針對這一實(shí)證結(jié)果,歸納并總結(jié)出了影響我國城市群軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)效率提升的三個原因。通過上文的理論研究和實(shí)證研究結(jié)果可以得出兩點(diǎn)最終結(jié)論:(1)城市群緊湊發(fā)展能夠有效地促進(jìn)城市群經(jīng)濟(jì)效率的提高,但城市群緊湊發(fā)展要有一定限度,過高的城市群緊湊度不利于城市群的持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。因此,緊湊集約型發(fā)展模式作為我國城市群發(fā)展的科學(xué)選擇,在發(fā)展過程中一定要注意適度緊湊。(2)軌道交通對城市群緊湊發(fā)展及其經(jīng)濟(jì)效率都有顯著的積極影響,只有實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化發(fā)展才能克服其"門檻性",最大化其網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng),充分發(fā)揮對城市群緊湊發(fā)展的支撐作用。最后,本文從四個層面提出了促進(jìn)城市群緊湊發(fā)展的建議:完善城市群軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò),充分發(fā)揮對城市群緊湊發(fā)展的引導(dǎo)和支撐作用;優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效率,促進(jìn)城市群經(jīng)濟(jì)緊湊發(fā)展;完善城鎮(zhèn)等級布局,提高土地利用效率,促進(jìn)城市群空間緊湊發(fā)展;吸引外商投資,促進(jìn)資本合理空間配置,促進(jìn)城市群資本緊湊發(fā)展。同時,也提出了軌道交通支撐城市群緊湊發(fā)展的幾點(diǎn)對策建議:統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃城市群軌道交通網(wǎng)絡(luò),促進(jìn)城市群軌道交通協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展;注重市郊鐵路的建設(shè)與發(fā)展;發(fā)展軌道交通綜合樞紐;提高運(yùn)營服務(wù)水平,加強(qiáng)與其他運(yùn)輸方式的銜接,提高運(yùn)輸效率等。
[Abstract]:As a theory of urban sustainable development, compact development theory has been widely studied and practiced in western developed countries such as the United States, Europe and Australia. However, with the rapid development of urbanization in our country, aiming at the problem of city land expansion, low economic efficiency of city and city group development is slow, the development of the compact theory can effectively guide the construction of the new urbanization of our country, provide new ideas for the construction of new urbanization in China? Whether the compact intensive mode of development is ideal development of China's city group? What is the mechanism of rail transit in city group compact development? How to fully play its supporting role to the development of the compact city group? Based on the above problems, this thesis has done the following research: (1) analysis of the space-time effect of compact city group development of rail transit network. Investigated from the time the economic attribute of rail transit city group of the two basic dimensions of space and time, analyzes the impacts on the evolution of city group space form of rail transit network, the city rail transportation network corresponds to different patterns of city spatial form different groups; rail transportation network can promote the formation of network space structure of the city group the optimization of every rail transportation network, shorten the time distance between the city, reducing the cost of all kinds of elements flow, to find the location, residents and industrial economic bodies of diffusion and gather in the city group in a larger range, which will inevitably lead to further improvement and development of space structure of the city group, the final to promote the formation of network spatial structure of city group. (2) the analysis of the aggregation effect of the network of rail transit to the compact development of the urban agglomeration. The influence mechanism of the rail transit network on the compact development of urban agglomeration is analyzed from two perspectives of traffic cost and accessibility. First, a simple theoretical model is used to analyze the impact of rail transit network on urban agglomeration economies under the constraint of traffic cost. The agglomeration effect of rail transit nodes and the urban traffic effect of rail transit network on urban agglomeration are emphatically analyzed. Secondly, based on accessibility, this paper analyzes the mechanism of rail transit network on location choice of enterprises and residents, labor division of urban agglomerations, urbanization and industrialization development of urban agglomeration from microcosmic, meso and macro level respectively. (3) the theoretical analysis of compact development of urban agglomeration and its compact measure. Compact development theory, the theory of agglomeration economy, city spatial interaction theory based on the first comprehensive system defines the concept and connotation of compact type city group, explore the influencing factors of our country city group compact development, and from the micro, meso and macro level analysis of the way and realize internal power compact development city group. On this basis, construct the model to measure the degree of development of the compact city group, the industry has the advantages of compact structure, compact space, compact and compact traffic capital estimates of ten city groups of our country nearly ten years the development of the compact four points results show: from 2001 to 2013, ten city groups of our country comprehensive compactness are presented the overall upward trend, but the city compactness is not high, and the spatial differences. The Pearl River Delta city group synthetic compactness is always in the first place, and the Yangtze River Delta, Beijing and Tianjin city group's comprehensive compactness is always in the forefront of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Chengdu Chongqing city group of Central Plains, due to the relatively remote western regions, relatively backward in terms of economic development, capital investment, labor force growth, leading to the city the whole development level is low, the compact city group is relatively low. (4) the impact of the compact development of urban agglomeration on the economic efficiency of urban agglomeration. This paper analyzes the mechanism of the development of the compact city group economic efficiency, we use the stochastic frontier approach (SFA) on the economic efficiency of the ten city in China was calculated, results show that the ten big city in China from 2001 to 2013 economic efficiency group showed an increasing trend year by year; according to the economic efficiency of the size. In the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong Peninsula, South Liaoning, on the west side of the Straits, Chengdu Chongqing, Beijing Tianjin Hebei, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Guan Zhong, the Central Plains, and the order has been throughout these 13 years. The results show that the economic efficiency of the urban agglomeration in the eastern coastal areas is obviously higher than the urban agglomeration in the middle and western regions. Based on the Cobb Douglas production function to construct city cluster compactness - model based on economic efficiency, in order to explore the relationship between the city group compact degree and economic efficiency, the fixed effect model, compact city group and economic efficiency variables showing a significant nonlinear relationship. City group of compact city group production efficiency has a significant positive impact, while the city compactness degree of two groups also showed a significant negative correlation with economic efficiency, which indicates that the economic efficiency of city group change of compactness and the city group presents an inverted U type parabolic relationship, namely with the increase of the early city agglomerations compactness the economic efficiency of city group increased gradually until it reaches the highest point, city cluster compactness continue to increase will lead to a decline in economic efficiency, which is consistent with the laws of economic growth. Therefore, the compact development of urban agglomeration should have a certain limit, and the exorbitant city group compactness is not conducive to the sustainable and healthy development of urban agglomeration. (5) an empirical analysis of the compact development of urban agglomeration and its economic efficiency by rail transit. Through the construction of rail transit - city cluster compactness model and rail transportation - City agglomerations compactness - productivity model, from 2001 to 2013 ten city groups of our country panel data, using the least squares method and panel Guang Yiju estimation method (GMM) for city rail transportation network and the city group as well as the relationship between the compactness of economic efficiency for the estimation, the results showed: the rail traffic variables on the compact city group has a significant positive impact, but this.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F572;F299.2
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