發(fā)布時(shí)間：2023-08-10 17:45

　　駝螽科Rhaphidophoridae隸屬于昆蟲綱Insecta、直翅目Orthoptera、螽亞目Ensifera、駝螽總科Rhaphidophoroidea。迄今為止,全球已知駝螽科昆蟲10亞科86屬814種(亞種),其中分布在中國(guó)的有2亞科14屬126種(亞種),占世界該類群近六分之一。近年來的研究表明我國(guó)駝螽種類豐富且分布廣泛,作為直翅目尤其是螽亞目的完全無翅類群,可能有著重要的進(jìn)化學(xué)研究意義。關(guān)于我國(guó)駝螽類群的研究,主要為傳統(tǒng)分類學(xué)研究,且多為零星報(bào)道,缺乏較全面系統(tǒng)的分類研究,系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究也較為匱乏�；趯�(duì)世界駝螽科系統(tǒng)分類研究進(jìn)展的總結(jié),在查閱大量文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,本論文對(duì)分布在中國(guó)的駝螽科昆蟲進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的整理和形態(tài)修訂,共詳細(xì)描述了我國(guó)駝螽科昆蟲2亞科13屬130種,編制了分亞科、分族、分屬和分種檢索表;并使用兩個(gè)目的基因片段COI和28S,利用貝葉斯法和最大似然法構(gòu)建了中國(guó)駝螽科10屬47種共117個(gè)個(gè)體的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹,研究了其系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系;結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)形態(tài)分類學(xué)和分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)的數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)部分屬種進(jìn)行了修訂。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和研究結(jié)果如下:1.中國(guó)駝螽科形態(tài)分類研究以館藏干制標(biāo)本和在讀...

【文章頁數(shù)】：388 頁

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 緒論
    1.1 駝螽科生物學(xué)研究概況
    1.2 駝螽科分類研究概況
    1.3 駝螽科分類學(xué)研究進(jìn)展
        1.3.1 駝螽亞科分類研究進(jìn)展
        1.3.2 灶螽亞科分類研究進(jìn)展
    1.4 駝螽科系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究概況
    1.5 本研究的目的和意義
第二章 中國(guó)駝螽科形態(tài)分類研究
    2.1 研究材料
        2.1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料
        2.1.2 儀器與試劑
    2.2 研究方法
        2.2.1 標(biāo)本采集
        2.2.2 標(biāo)本制作
        2.2.3 標(biāo)本鑒定與描述
        2.2.4 繪圖
        2.2.5 主要分類特征及術(shù)語
    2.3 結(jié)果與分析
        2.3.1 駝螽亞科Rhaphidophorinae Walker, 1869
            2.3.1.1 駝螽屬Rhaphidophora Audinet-Serville,1838
                (1) 四齒駝螽R. quadridentata Qin, Jiang, Liu&Li, 2018
                (2) 納版河駝螽,新種R. nabanheensis sp. nov
                (3) 馬庫駝螽,新種R. makuensis sp. nov
                (4) 短刺駝螽R. brevispinula Bian, Zhu&Shi, 2017
                (5) 那邦駝螽,新種R. nabangensis sp. nov
                (6) 五指山駝螽R. wuzhishanensis Qin, Jiang, Liu&Li, 2018
                (7) 雙突駝螽R. biprocera Bian, Zhu&Shi, 2017
                (8) 方形駝螽R. quadrula Bian, Zhu&Shi, 2017
                (9) 長(zhǎng)葉駝螽R. longitabula Bian, Zhu&Shi, 2017
                (10) 中華駝螽R. sinica Bey-Bienko, 1962
                (11) 四川駝螽R. sichuanensis Liu&Zhang, 2002
                (12) 顯凹駝螽R. incilis Bian, Zhu&Shi, 2017
                (13) 西雙駝螽R. xishuang Gorochov, 2012
                (14) 張家界駝螽,新種R. zhangjiajieensis sp. nov
                (15) 福壽山駝螽,新種R. fushoushanensis sp. nov
                (16) 南嶺駝螽,新種R. nanlingensis sp. nov
                (17) 臺(tái)灣駝螽R. taiwana Shiraki, 1930
                (18) 小殖板駝螽R. minuolamella Liu&Zhang, 2002
            2.3.1.2 新駝螽屬Neorhaphidophora Gorochov, 1999
                (19) 長(zhǎng)刺新駝螽N. longispinula (Bian, Zhu&Shi, 2017)
            2.3.1.3 華駝螽屬Sinorhaphidophora Qin, Jiang, Liu&Li, 2018
                (20) 海南華駝螽S. hainanensis (Bian&Shi, 2016)
            2.3.1.4 優(yōu)駝螽屬Eurhaphidophora Gorochov,1999
                (21) 形優(yōu)駝螽E. visibilis Gorochov, 2010
                (22) 截緣優(yōu)駝螽E. truncata Bian&Shi, 2016
        2.3.2 灶螽亞科Aemodogryllinae Jacobson, 1905
            2.3.2.1 突灶螽屬Diestramima Storozhenko,1990
                2.3.2.1.1 凹突灶螽亞屬D.(Excisotettix)Gorochov&Storozhenko,2019
                    (23) 短凹突灶螽D.(E.)brevis Qin,Wang,Liu&Li,2016
                    (24) 居中凹突灶螽D.(E.) intermedia Liu&Zhang, 2001
                    (25) 尖端凹突灶螽D.(E.)acutiapicis Zhu&Shi, 2018
                    (26) 直凹突灶螽D. (E.) subrectis Qin, Wang, Liu & Li, 2016
                    (27) 雙凹突灶螽D.(E.) bina Zhu&Shi, 2018
                    (28) 廣西凹突灶螽D.(E.)guangxiensis Qin,Wang,Liu&Li,2016
                    (29) 寬凹突灶螽D.(E.) eurya Zhu&Shi, 2018
                2.3.2.1.2 突灶螽亞屬D.(Diestramima) Gorochov, 1998
                    (30) 樹突灶螽D.(D.)arbora Wang, Zhu&Shi, 2018
                    (31) 華南突灶螽D.(D.)austrosinensis Gorochov, 1998
                    (32) 內(nèi)陷突灶螽D.(D.)excavata Qin,Wang,Liu&Li,2016
                    (33) 海南突灶螽D.(D.)hainanensis Gorochov&Storozhenko, 2015
                    (34) 擬雙刺突灶螽D.(D.)parabispinosa Qin,Wang,Liu&Li,2016
                    (35) 云南突灶螽D.(D.)yunnanensis Gorochov&Storozhenko, 2015
                2.3.2.1.3 指突灶螽亞屬D.(Baculitettix) Gorochov&Storozhenko, 2019
                    (36) 圓錐指突灶螽D.(B.)conica Qin,Wang,Liu&Li,2016
                    (37) 峨眉指突灶螽D.(B.)emeiensis Qin,Wang,Liu&Li,2016
                    (38) 貝氏指突灶螽D.(B.)beybienkoi Qin,Wang,Liu&Li,2016
                    (39) 微指突灶螽D.(B.)subtilis Zhu&Shi, 2018
                    (40) 圓端指突灶螽D.(B.)cycla Zhu&Shi, 2018
                    (41) 三角指突灶螽D.(B.)triangulata Qin,Wang,Liu&Li,2016
                    (42) 平截指突灶螽D.(B.)truncata Zhu&Shi, 2018
                    (43) 顯指突灶螽D.(B.)distincta Gorochov, 2010
                    (44) 大指突灶螽D.(B.)major Gorochov, 1998
                    (45) 西藏指突灶螽D.(B.)tibetensis Qin,Wang, Liu&Li, 2016
                    (46) 片指突灶螽D.(B.)lamina Wang, Zhu&Shi,2019
            2.3.2.2 越突灶螽屬Tamdaotettix Gorochov, 1998
                2.3.2.2.1 越突灶螽亞屬T.(Tamdaotettix) Gorochov, 1998
                    (47) 長(zhǎng)突越突灶螽T.(T.)longituberus Zhu, Bian&Shi, 2018
                    (48) 三齒越突灶螽T.(T.)tridenticulatus Qin,Liu&Li, 2016
                    (49) 淡色越突灶螽T.(T.) dilutus Gorochov, 1998
                    (50) 哀牢山越突灶螽T.(T.)ailaoshanicus Gorochov&Storozhenko, 2019
                2.3.2.2.2 老突灶螽亞屬T.(Laotettix) Gorohov&Storozhenko, 2015
                    (51) 下彎老突灶螽T.(L.)curvatus Gorochov&Storozhenko,2015
                    (52) 截形越突灶螽T.(L.)truncatus Qin,Wang&Li,2019
            2.3.2.3 小突灶螽屬M(fèi)imadiestra Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2014
                (53) 細(xì)長(zhǎng)小突灶螽M.gracila Zhu, Wu&Shi, 2018
                (54) 二叉小突灶螽M.dicha Zhu,Wu&Shi,2018
            2.3.2.4 副疾灶螽屬Paratachycines Storozhenko, 1990
                2.3.2.4.1 副疾灶螽亞屬P.(Paratachycines) Storozhenko, 1990
                    (55) 河北副疾灶螽P.(P.)hebeiensis Zhang, Liu&Bi, 2009
                    (56) 烏蘇里副疾灶螽P.(P.)ussuriensis Storozhenko, 1990
                2.3.2.4.2 半疾灶螽亞屬P.(Hemitachycines) Storozhenko,1990
                    (57) 夏氏半疾灶螽P.(H.) xiai Zhang, Liu&Bi, 2009
            2.3.2.5 優(yōu)疾灶螽屬Eutachycines Storozhenko, 1990
                (58) 圓鋸優(yōu)疾灶螽E.crenatus (Di Russo&Rampini,2005)
                (59) 海南優(yōu)疾灶螽E.hainani Gorochov,2010
                (60) 劉氏優(yōu)疾灶螽,新種E.liui sp.nov
            2.3.2.6 小疾灶螽屬M(fèi)icrotachycines Gorochov, 1992
                2.3.2.6.1 小疾灶螽亞屬M(fèi). (Microtachycines) Gorochov, 1992
                    (61) 三刺小疾灶螽,新種M.(M.) trispinosus sp.nov
                    (62) 長(zhǎng)板小疾灶螽M.(M.) elongatus Qin,Liu&Li 2017
                2.3.2.6.2 同疾灶螽亞屬M(fèi).(Hamatachycines) subgen.nov
                    (63) 卷枝同疾灶螽,新組合M.(H.) volutus (Qin,Liu&Li, 2017) comb.nov
                    (64) 圓葉同疾灶螽,新組合M.(H.) ovalilobatus (Gorochov,2010) comb.nov
                    (65) 梯板同疾灶螽,新組合M. (H.) trapezialis (Qin,Liu&Li,2017) comb.nov
            2.3.2.7 擬疾灶螽屬Pseudotachycines Qin,Liu&Li, 2017
                2.3.2.7.1 擬疾灶螽亞屬P.(Pseudotachycines) Qin,Liu&Li, 2017
                    (66) 異形擬疾灶螽P.(P.)deformis Qin,Liu&Li,2017
                    (67) 無刺擬疾灶螽P.(P.)inermis Qin,Liu&Li, 2017
                    (68) 岳陽擬疾灶螽P.(P.)yueyangensis Qin,Liu&Li, 2017
                2.3.2.7.2 擬裸灶螽亞屬P.(Gymnaetoides) stat. nov
                    (69) 黃褐?jǐn)M裸灶螽,新組合P.(G.)testaceus (Qin,Liu&Li, 2017) comb.nov
                    (70) 尖葉擬裸灶螽,新組合P.(G.)acutilobatus (Gorochov, 2010) comb.nov
            2.3.2.8 芒灶螽屬Diestrammena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
                (71) 大亞灶螽D. (Aemodogryllus) ingens Karny, 1915
                (72) 鳳陽山亞灶螽望東垟亞種,新亞種D.(A.)fengyangshanica wangdongyangicasubsp.nov
                (73) 鳳陽山亞灶螽指名亞種D.(A.)fengyangshanica fengyangshanica Liu, Bi&Zhang 2010
                (74) 巨亞灶螽,新組合D.(A.)maximus Qin,Wang, Liu&Li,2018 comb.nov
            2.3.2.9 疾灶螽屬Tachycines Adelung,1902
                2.3.2.9.1 疾灶螽亞屬T. (Tachycines) Adelung, 1902
                    (75) 庭疾灶螽T.(T.)asynamorus Adelung,1902
                    (76) 內(nèi)陸疾灶螽T.(T.)meditationis Wurmli, 1973
                    (77) 白云尖疾灶螽T.(T.)baiyunjianensis Qin,Wang, Liu&Li,2018
                    (78) 卡氏疾灶螽T.(T.)karnyi Qin,Wang,Liu&Li,2018
                    (79) 內(nèi)陷疾灶螽T.(T.)incisus Qin,Wang,Liu&Li,2018
                    (80) 中華疾灶螽T.(T.)chinensis Storozhenko, 1990
                    (81) 北方疾灶螽T.(T.)borealis(Cui&Liu,2013)
                    (82) 多刺疾灶螽T. (T.) multispinosus Qin, Wang, Liu & Li, 2018
                    (83) 夏氏疾灶螽T.(T.)xiai Qin,Wang, Liu&Li, 2018
                    (84) 橫板疾灶螽T. (T.) transversus Qin, Wang, Liu & Li, 2018
                    (85) 炎陵疾灶螽T.(T.)yanlingensis Qin,Wang, Liu&Li,2018
                    (86) 四川疾灶螽T. (T.) sichuanensis Qin, Wang, Liu & Li, 2018
                    (87) 齒疾灶螽T. (T.) denticulatus (Gorochov, 2010)
                    (88) 花溪疾灶螽T.(T.)huaxi Huang&Luo, 2019
                    (89) 拉梅疾灶螽T.(T) rammei Karny, 1926
                    (90) 三葉疾灶螽T. (T.) trilobatus Qin, Wang, Liu & Li, 2018
                    (91) 斯文疾灶螽T.(T) svenhedini Karny, 1934
                2.3.2.9.2 裸灶螽亞屬T.(Gymnaeta) Adelung,1902
                    (92) 貝氏裸灶螽T.(G.) beresowskii Adelung, 1902
                    (93) 布氏裸灶螽T. (G.) belousovi (Gorochov, 2010)
                    (94) 高山裸灶螽T.(G.) altimontanus (Gorochov, 2010)
                    (95) 雙叉裸灶螽T.(G.)bifurcatus (Gorochov, 2010)
                    (96) 波氏裸灶螽T.(G.)borutzkyi (Gorochov,1994)
                    (97) 短瓣裸灶螽T.(G.) brevicaudus Karny, 1934
                    (98) 尾裸灶螽T. (G.) caudatus (Gorochov, Rampini & Di Russo, 2006)
                    (99) 洞穴裸灶螽T. (G.) cavernus (Jiao, Niu, Liu, Lei & Bi, 2008)
                    (100) 陳氏裸灶螽T. (G.) chenhui (Rampini & Di Russo, 2008)
                    (101) 滇西裸灶螽T.(G.)dianxicus Qin,Liu&Li, 2019
                    (102) 異灶螽T. (G.) dispar Qin, Liu & Li, 2019
                    (103) 偽裸灶螽T.(G.)fallax(Zhang&Liu,2009)
                    (104) 短腿裸灶螽T. (G,) femoratus (Zhang & Liu, 2009)
                    (105) 圣骨裸灶螽T. (G.) ferecaecus (Gorochov, Rampini & Di Russo, 2006)
                    (106) 甘肅裸灶螽T.(G.)gansu (Gorochov, 2010)
                    (107) 貢嘎山裸灶螽T.(G.)gonggashanicus (Zhang&Liu, 2009)
                    (108) 卡巴裸灶螽T.(G.)kabaki (Gorochov,2010)
                    (109) 拉林裸灶螽T.(G.)lalinus Feng, Huang&Luo, 2019
                    (110) 拉脫裸灶螽T. (G.) latellai (Rampini & Di Russo, 2008)
                    (111) 突變裸灶螽T.(G.)latus (Zhang&Liu,2009)
                    (112) 李氏裸灶螽T.(G.) Qin,Liu&Li, 2019
                    (113) 長(zhǎng)瓣裸灶螽T.(G.)longicaudus Karny, 1934
                    (114) 長(zhǎng)板裸灶螽T.(G.) longilaminus (Zhang & Liu, 2009)
                    (115) 瀘水裸灶螽 (G.)lushuicus Qin,Liu&Li, 2019
                    (116) 貓兒山裸灶螽T.(G.)maoershanensis Qin,Liu&Li, 2019
                    (117) 對(duì)稱裸灶螽T. (G.) omninocaecus (Gorochov, Rampini & Di Russo, 2006)
                    (118) 蒼色裸灶螽T.(G.)pallidus Qin,Liu&Li,2019
                    (119) 小裸灶螽T.(G.)parvus Qin,Liu&Li,2019
                    (120) 近裸灶螽T. (G.) proximus (Gorochov, Rampini & Di Russo, 2006)
                    (121) 圓裸灶螽T. (G.) roundatus (Zhang & Liu, 2009)
                    (122) 擬圓鋸裸灶螽T.(G.)semicrenatus (Gorochov,Rampini&Di Russo, 2006)
                    (123) 四川裸灶螽T. (G.) sichuanus (Gorochov, 2010)
                    (124) 實(shí)心裸灶螽T. (G.) solidus (Gorochov, Rampini & Di Russo, 2006)
                    (125) 真裸灶螽T. (G.) verus Qin, Liu & Li, 2019
                    (126) 鄰近裸灶螽T.(G.)vicinus Qin,Liu&Li, 2019
                    (127) 武夷山裸灶螽T. (G.)wuyishanicus (Zhang&Liu,2009)
                    (128) 岳陽裸灶螽T. (G.) yueyangensis Qin, Liu & Li, 2019
                    (129) 卓氏裸灶螽T. (G.) zorzini (Rampini & Di Russo, 2008)
                    (130) 南嶺裸灶螽,新種T.(G.)nanlingensis sp.nov
第三章 中國(guó)駝螽科分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究
    3.1 研究材料
        3.1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料
        3.1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器與試劑
            3.1.2.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器與耗材
            3.1.2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)試劑
    3.2 研究方法
        3.2.1 基因組DNA的提取
        3.2.2 目的基因片段的擴(kuò)增及測(cè)序
        3.2.3 分子數(shù)據(jù)處理和分析
        3.2.4 模型選擇及系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹的構(gòu)建
    3.3 結(jié)果與分析
        3.3.1 序列組成成分分析
        3.3.2 遺傳距離
        3.3.3 堿基替換飽和度分析
        3.3.4 系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析
            3.3.4.1 基于COI基因片段構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹
            3.3.4.2 基于28S基因片段構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹
            3.3.4.3 基于COI和28S的聯(lián)合數(shù)據(jù)集構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹
    3.4 小結(jié)與討論
第四章 總結(jié)與展望
    4.1 總結(jié)
        4.1.1 中國(guó)駝螽科傳統(tǒng)形態(tài)分類研究
        4.1.2 中國(guó)駝螽科分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究
        4.1.3 部分屬種修訂
        4.1.4 中國(guó)駝螽科昆蟲的分布特點(diǎn)
    4.2 創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)
    4.3 不足與展望
參考文獻(xiàn)
附錄Ⅰ 學(xué)名索引
附錄Ⅱ 圖版一(標(biāo)本照)
附錄Ⅲ 圖版二(生態(tài)照)
附錄Ⅳ 攻讀博士學(xué)位期間發(fā)表論文和參與科研項(xiàng)目
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