氮素是生物所必需的營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素,也是控制陸地和水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)初級(jí)生產(chǎn)的限制因素。在過去的幾十年里,人類活動(dòng)如化石燃料的燃燒、人工氮肥的施用,顯著增加了陸地表層生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中人為活性氮的含量,這其中有相當(dāng)量的人為活性氮會(huì)通過河流、地下水和大氣沉降等途徑輸送到河口海岸地區(qū),給河口海岸生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成嚴(yán)重的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題,如富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化、有害藻華、溫室氣體排放加劇、缺氧和海洋酸化等。因此,深刻認(rèn)識(shí)和理解水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的脫氮過程及其相關(guān)微生物影響機(jī)制具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。反硝化過程是目前最受關(guān)注的氮循環(huán)過程之一。通常,反硝化過程是將硝態(tài)氮轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闅鈶B(tài)氮（主要為N₂）;而絕大多數(shù)水生生物不能直接利用N₂,因此反硝化過程被認(rèn)為是硝態(tài)氮永久性脫離水生系統(tǒng)的有效途徑,對(duì)減少水環(huán)境中初級(jí)生產(chǎn)者可利用氮的含量和緩解水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化趨勢(shì)具有重要作用。反硝化過程由多種酶催化,包括硝酸還原酶（Nar）、亞硝酸鹽還原酶（Nir）、一氧化氮還原酶（Nor）和氧化亞氮還原酶（Nos）。除反硝化過程外,厭氧氨氧化是氮素生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)的一個(gè)新發(fā)現(xiàn),該過程可通過硝酸鹽/亞硝酸鹽氧化氨氮并釋放氮?dú)�。河�?.. 

【文章來源】：華東師范大學(xué)上海市 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：156 頁

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
Chapter1 Introduction
    1.1 Research Background and Significance
    1.2 Research Progress
        1.2.1 Advances in Denitrification Process
        1.2.2 Advances in Denitrifying Microorganisms
        1.2.3 Advances in the Analytical Methods of Denitrification Process
        1.2.4 Advances in Anammox Process
        1.2.5 Advances in Anammox Microorganisms
        1.2.6 Advances in the Analytical Methods of Anammox Process
    1.3 Research Objectives
    1.4 Technical Route of the Research
    1.5 The Main Terms and Abbreviations used in this Dissertation
Chapter2 Study Area and Experimental Analysis Methods
    2.1 Study Area and Sample Collection
    2.2 Analysis of Sediment Physicochemical Characteristics
    2.3 Determination of Potential Denitrification and Anammox rates
    2.4 DNA Extraction and Gene Amplification of nirS-Harboring Denitrifiers and Anammox Bacteria
    2.5 Quantitative PCR Assay of nirS-Harboring Denitrifers and Anammox bacteria
    2.6 Phylogenetic Analysis of Denitrifying and Anammox Bacteria
    2.7 Statistical Analysis
    2.8 Accession Number of Sequences
Chapter3 Diversity and Abundance of nirS-Harboring Denitrifiers
    3.1 Site Characteristics
    3.2 Abundance of Denitrifying Bacteria
    3.3 Diversity of Denitrifying Bacteria
    3.4 Phylogenetic Analyses
    3.5 Distribution of nirS-harboring Denitrifiers
    3.6 Correlation between the Diversity,Abundance of Denitrifying Bacteria and Environmental Facters
    3.7 Discussion
    3.8 Summary
Chapter4 Diversity and Abundance of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation(Anammox)Bacteria
    4.1 Abundance of Anammox Bacteria
    4.2 Diversity of Anammox Bacteria
    4.3 Community Composition and Distribution of Anammox Bacteria
    4.4 Relationships of Environmental Factors with the Anammox MicrobialCommunities,and Abundance
    4.5 Discussion
    4.6 Summary
Chapter5 Potential Rates of Denitrification and Anammox and Associated Contributions to Nitrogen Loss
    5.1 Denitrification Rates
    5.2 Anammox Rates
    5.3 Correlation Analysis between the Denitrification,Anammox Rates and the Environmental Factors
    5.4 Discussion
    5.5 Summary
Chapter6 Conclusions and Prospects
    6.1 Main Conclusions
    6.2 Research Prospects
    6.3 Research Innovatives
References
The Author’s Resume
Publications during Doctoral Degree
Acknowledgements


【參考文獻(xiàn)】：
期刊論文
[1]西湖底泥中厭氧氨氧化菌的分子生物學(xué)檢測(cè)[J]. 沈李東,胡寶蘭,鄭平,錢軼超,陳婷婷,胡安輝,樓莉萍.  環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào). 2011(08)



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