贛江三角洲地下水與地表水交互關(guān)系及其生態(tài)效應(yīng)
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-25 18:52
【摘要】：鄱陽湖是我國最大的淡水湖,也是世界重要的濕地與候鳥保護(hù)區(qū)。由于人口增長(zhǎng)和興修水利工程、植樹造林等各種人類活動(dòng),使得鄱陽湖生態(tài)環(huán)境受到了一定的影響。尤其是2003年以來長(zhǎng)江三峽水庫蓄水對(duì)鄱陽湖枯水位影響,以及擬建鄱陽湖水利樞紐可能對(duì)鄱陽湖生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響引發(fā)了廣泛的社會(huì)輿論和學(xué)術(shù)爭(zhēng)鳴。研究長(zhǎng)江三峽水庫蓄水前后鄱陽湖水文情勢(shì)變化特征,揭示三峽工程對(duì)鄱陽湖水文情勢(shì)的影響勢(shì)在必行。贛江三角洲是鄱陽湖水系入湖處發(fā)育規(guī)模最大、最完整的三角洲,研究其地下水與地表水交互關(guān)系對(duì)掌握鄱陽湖地區(qū)的水文及生態(tài)過程具有重要意義,并依此分析擬建樞紐對(duì)鄱陽湖地下水及環(huán)境的影響,為評(píng)判樞紐建設(shè)的可行性提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。本文綜合采用數(shù)值模擬、智能計(jì)算、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析等方法對(duì)上述問題進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究。采用小波分析法尋找降水量相近的水文系列,分析三峽水庫建設(shè)前后鄱陽湖水文情勢(shì)變化特點(diǎn),結(jié)果是枯水期提前并延長(zhǎng),枯水期初期水位降低,但枯水期末期水位略有增高�；谒饫碚摻⒀芯繀^(qū)三維地下水運(yùn)動(dòng)模型,探討地下水補(bǔ)給與排泄各要素間的關(guān)系,結(jié)合區(qū)域地下水與地表水動(dòng)態(tài)特征,分析地下水與地表水交互關(guān)系,結(jié)果表明研究區(qū)主要為地下水補(bǔ)給地表水,在豐水期河水位較高時(shí)為地表水補(bǔ)給地下水；研究區(qū)地下水與地表水交互作用較弱,地下水徑流滯緩。運(yùn)用水量平衡及支持向量機(jī)計(jì)算樞紐調(diào)控后鄱陽湖各測(cè)站水位,結(jié)合地下水運(yùn)動(dòng)模型模擬樞紐運(yùn)行對(duì)地下水的影響,總的結(jié)果是調(diào)控期距河岸3 km范圍內(nèi)的地下水上升0-3 m,研究區(qū)地下水徑流強(qiáng)度減弱。從模型均衡結(jié)果看枯水期地下水排泄量減少21.55%,豐水期補(bǔ)給量減少21.54%,地下水流場(chǎng)進(jìn)入一種新的均衡狀態(tài)。統(tǒng)計(jì)分析鄱陽湖水位與草灘范圍、地下水埋深與植被帶分布,結(jié)果顯示出露草洲表現(xiàn)出明顯的“水落灘出、水進(jìn)草退”現(xiàn)象,且不同植被帶內(nèi)地下水埋深差異顯著,地下水對(duì)地表水具有一定的補(bǔ)償作用,地下水主要通過水埋深與總?cè)芙夤腆w影響土壤含水量與鹽分,從而影響地表植被的分布與生長(zhǎng)。本文將研究區(qū)地下水?dāng)?shù)值模擬技術(shù)與人工智能算法相結(jié)合,進(jìn)行濕潤(rùn)地區(qū)關(guān)于地下水生態(tài)環(huán)境效應(yīng)研究,解決了鄱陽湖地表水與地下水交互關(guān)系、擬建設(shè)鄱陽湖樞紐工程對(duì)地下水及生態(tài)環(huán)境影響、三峽水庫蓄水對(duì)鄱陽湖水文情勢(shì)的影響等科學(xué)問題,取得了一定成果與獨(dú)特見解。
[Abstract]:Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China and also an important wetland and migratory bird reserve in the world. The ecological environment of Poyang Lake has been affected by various human activities, such as population growth, construction of water conservancy projects, afforestation and so on. Especially since 2003, the influence of the three Gorges Reservoir water storage on the dry water level of Poyang Lake and the possible impact of the proposed Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Project on the ecological environment of the Poyang Lake have caused widespread public opinion and academic controversy. It is imperative to study the variation characteristics of the hydrological situation of Poyang Lake before and after the three Gorges Reservoir impounding, and to reveal the influence of the three Gorges Project on the hydrological situation of the Poyang Lake. Ganjiang Delta is the largest and most complete delta in Poyang Lake. It is of great significance to understand the hydrological and ecological processes of Poyang Lake area by studying the interaction between groundwater and surface water. The influence of the proposed hub on the groundwater and environment of Poyang Lake is analyzed, which provides a scientific basis for judging the feasibility of the construction of the hub. In this paper, numerical simulation, intelligent calculation and statistical analysis are used to study the above problems. Wavelet analysis is used to find the hydrological series with similar precipitation, and the variation characteristics of the hydrological situation of Poyang Lake before and after the construction of the three Gorges Reservoir are analyzed. The results show that the low water period is advanced and prolonged, and the initial water level of the low water period decreases, but the water level slightly increases at the end of the dry season. Based on the theory of water equilibrium, a three-dimensional model of groundwater movement in the study area is established. The relationship between groundwater recharge and discharge elements is discussed, and the interaction between groundwater and surface water is analyzed in combination with the dynamic characteristics of regional groundwater and surface water. The results show that the main groundwater recharge in the study area is surface water, when the water level is high in the high water period, the surface water recharge groundwater. The interaction between groundwater and surface water is weak, and groundwater runoff is slow. Water balance and support vector machine are used to calculate the water level of Poyang Lake station after the control of the hub, and combined with the groundwater movement model to simulate the influence of the hub operation on the groundwater. The total result is that the groundwater in the range of 3 km from the river bank rises 0-3 m, and the intensity of groundwater runoff weakens in the study area. According to the results of model equilibrium, the groundwater discharge is reduced by 21.55 in dry season and the recharge in high water is reduced by 21.54. The groundwater flow field has entered a new equilibrium state. The water level and grass beach range, groundwater depth and vegetation distribution in Poyang Lake were statistically analyzed. The results showed that there were obvious phenomena of "water falling out, water entering and grass retreating", and the depth of groundwater buried in different vegetation zones was significantly different. Groundwater has a certain compensatory effect on surface water. Groundwater affects soil water content and salt mainly through water depth and total dissolved solids, thus affecting the distribution and growth of surface vegetation. In this paper, the numerical simulation technology of groundwater in the study area is combined with artificial intelligence algorithm to study the ecological environment effect of groundwater in humid area, which solves the interaction between surface water and groundwater in Poyang Lake. Some scientific problems, such as the influence of the construction of Poyang Lake hub project on groundwater and ecological environment, and the influence of the three Gorges Reservoir water storage on the hydrological situation of Poyang Lake, have obtained some achievements and unique opinions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P339
本文編號(hào)：2294532
[Abstract]:Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China and also an important wetland and migratory bird reserve in the world. The ecological environment of Poyang Lake has been affected by various human activities, such as population growth, construction of water conservancy projects, afforestation and so on. Especially since 2003, the influence of the three Gorges Reservoir water storage on the dry water level of Poyang Lake and the possible impact of the proposed Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Project on the ecological environment of the Poyang Lake have caused widespread public opinion and academic controversy. It is imperative to study the variation characteristics of the hydrological situation of Poyang Lake before and after the three Gorges Reservoir impounding, and to reveal the influence of the three Gorges Project on the hydrological situation of the Poyang Lake. Ganjiang Delta is the largest and most complete delta in Poyang Lake. It is of great significance to understand the hydrological and ecological processes of Poyang Lake area by studying the interaction between groundwater and surface water. The influence of the proposed hub on the groundwater and environment of Poyang Lake is analyzed, which provides a scientific basis for judging the feasibility of the construction of the hub. In this paper, numerical simulation, intelligent calculation and statistical analysis are used to study the above problems. Wavelet analysis is used to find the hydrological series with similar precipitation, and the variation characteristics of the hydrological situation of Poyang Lake before and after the construction of the three Gorges Reservoir are analyzed. The results show that the low water period is advanced and prolonged, and the initial water level of the low water period decreases, but the water level slightly increases at the end of the dry season. Based on the theory of water equilibrium, a three-dimensional model of groundwater movement in the study area is established. The relationship between groundwater recharge and discharge elements is discussed, and the interaction between groundwater and surface water is analyzed in combination with the dynamic characteristics of regional groundwater and surface water. The results show that the main groundwater recharge in the study area is surface water, when the water level is high in the high water period, the surface water recharge groundwater. The interaction between groundwater and surface water is weak, and groundwater runoff is slow. Water balance and support vector machine are used to calculate the water level of Poyang Lake station after the control of the hub, and combined with the groundwater movement model to simulate the influence of the hub operation on the groundwater. The total result is that the groundwater in the range of 3 km from the river bank rises 0-3 m, and the intensity of groundwater runoff weakens in the study area. According to the results of model equilibrium, the groundwater discharge is reduced by 21.55 in dry season and the recharge in high water is reduced by 21.54. The groundwater flow field has entered a new equilibrium state. The water level and grass beach range, groundwater depth and vegetation distribution in Poyang Lake were statistically analyzed. The results showed that there were obvious phenomena of "water falling out, water entering and grass retreating", and the depth of groundwater buried in different vegetation zones was significantly different. Groundwater has a certain compensatory effect on surface water. Groundwater affects soil water content and salt mainly through water depth and total dissolved solids, thus affecting the distribution and growth of surface vegetation. In this paper, the numerical simulation technology of groundwater in the study area is combined with artificial intelligence algorithm to study the ecological environment effect of groundwater in humid area, which solves the interaction between surface water and groundwater in Poyang Lake. Some scientific problems, such as the influence of the construction of Poyang Lake hub project on groundwater and ecological environment, and the influence of the three Gorges Reservoir water storage on the hydrological situation of Poyang Lake, have obtained some achievements and unique opinions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P339
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