【摘要】：非牛頓流體是一類不遵守牛頓粘性定律的流體的統(tǒng)稱。在自然界中與人造物中都廣泛的存在,血液和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)水溶液就是分別屬于自然界和人造物中的非牛頓流體,它們雖同屬一個類別,但其實際的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)可謂天差地別。本文中通過微流動實驗的方式,探究了這兩種流體在微管道流動過程中的流動特性,總結(jié)出了這兩種非牛頓流體在流動中表現(xiàn)出來的一部分規(guī)律。論文的主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下:1.搭建微管道芯片流動實驗平臺,設(shè)計了一種對實驗裝置要求不高的壓力測量方法。自行搭建的實驗平臺可以滿足包括流動實驗、控制、觀測、記錄以及壓力測量在內(nèi)的實驗需求。2.在單根毛細(xì)微管道中,進(jìn)行了以壓力驅(qū)動的PAM水溶液流動實驗。實驗結(jié)果表明,在管徑足夠小的毛細(xì)管中PAM水溶液需要一定的臨界壓力才能開始流動,并且其臨界壓力與PAM的平均分子量有著直接的關(guān)系。同時考察了實驗其他參數(shù)對于PAM水溶液流動特性的影響。給出了一個特定條件下PAM水溶液臨界壓力與質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)之間的數(shù)值關(guān)系,討論了臨界壓力出現(xiàn)的原因。3.通過對腫瘤組織血管網(wǎng)絡(luò)形態(tài)的分析,提取了其主要特征,結(jié)合腫瘤組織血管真實尺寸設(shè)計制作了微管道芯片。在置信度分析之后,使用紅細(xì)胞懸液代替全血做為流動介質(zhì)在微管道芯片中進(jìn)行了流動實驗,通過對以圖像序列為形式的實驗結(jié)果的分析,得到了紅細(xì)胞懸液中的紅細(xì)胞速度以及懸液流動特性與紅細(xì)胞比容(Hct)、入口流速、管道尺寸結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系,并對其中的規(guī)律做了一定的總結(jié)。4.通過對視網(wǎng)膜血管網(wǎng)的分形結(jié)構(gòu)的分析,模擬其幾種比較典型的特征結(jié)構(gòu),結(jié)合血管的真實尺寸,本文設(shè)計制作了兩系列共四種微管道芯片,同樣通過進(jìn)行了流動實驗并通過數(shù)據(jù)處理分析了在這兩個系列微管道中紅細(xì)胞懸液的流動特性,還證實了在實驗用微管道中Fahreaus效應(yīng)的存在,并利用實驗結(jié)果進(jìn)行了交叉驗證。
[Abstract]:A non-Newtonian fluid is a general term for a class of fluids that do not abide by Newton's laws of viscosity. Blood and polyacrylamide (PAM) aqueous solution are non-Newtonian fluids in nature and artifical creation respectively. Although they belong to the same category, their actual microstructure is very different. In this paper, the flow characteristics of these two kinds of fluids in the flow process of microtubes are investigated by means of microflow experiments, and some laws of the two non-Newtonian fluids are summarized. The main contents and results are as follows: 1. A pressure measurement method with low requirement for the experimental device was designed. The self-built experimental platform can meet the experimental requirements including flow experiment, control, observation, record and pressure measurement. 2. A pressure driven flow experiment of PAM aqueous solution was carried out in a single hairy fine tube. The experimental results show that a certain critical pressure is required for the flow of PAM aqueous solution in a capillary tube with a small diameter, and the critical pressure is directly related to the average molecular weight of PAM. The effects of other experimental parameters on the flow characteristics of PAM aqueous solution were also investigated. The numerical relationship between the critical pressure and the mass fraction of PAM aqueous solution under a specific condition is given, and the reasons for the occurrence of the critical pressure are discussed. By analyzing the shape of vascular network of tumor tissue, the main features were extracted, and the microchannel chip was designed and fabricated in combination with the real size of tumor tissue vessel. After the confidence degree analysis, the red blood cell suspension was used instead of the whole blood as the flow medium to carry out the flow experiment in the microtube chip, and the results of the experiment in the form of image sequence were analyzed. The relationship between erythrocyte velocity and flow characteristics of erythrocyte suspensions and the inlet velocity of erythrocyte specific volume (Hct),) and the size and structure of the tube are obtained, and the rules are summarized. 4. By analyzing the fractal structure of retinal vascular network and simulating several typical characteristic structures of retinal vascular network, two series of four kinds of micropipe-chips were designed and fabricated in this paper, combined with the real size of blood vessels. The flow characteristics of red blood cell suspensions in these two microchannels were also analyzed by flow experiments and data processing. The existence of Fahreaus effect in microtubes was also confirmed, and the experimental results were used to cross-verify the flow characteristics of red blood cell suspensions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O373

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