旋量玻色—愛因斯坦凝聚體中的拓撲激發(fā)研究
[Abstract]:The realization of Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) has rapidly promoted the rapid development of ultra-cold atoms and cold molecular physics. Bec has unique macroscopic quantum coherence properties and artificial controllability. It not only makes it a basic experimental platform for testing quantum multi-body physics, but also provides a universal simulation platform for condensed matter calculation and nonlinear science. In recent years, with the application of new techniques and methods in experiments, the exploration of novel and topological quantum states in BEC has become a hot topic in international research. In this paper, we will mainly discuss the topological excitation in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates, including the mean field theory of spinor BEC, the symmetry classification of spinor order parametric manifolds. The basic theory of topological excitation and numerical study of topological excitation in spinor BEC. The first chapter mainly elaborates the related theory foundation of BEC. Firstly, the history of Bose-Einstein condensation is reviewed. Then the basic theories of ideal Bose-Einstein condensate and interacting Bose-Einstein condensate are briefly introduced. Finally, the theory of two-body scattering is introduced, the physical meaning of scattering length is discussed, and the common method of controlling scattering length is introduced, which is called Feshbach resonance. In chapter 2, the second quantization theory of spinor BEC with interaction is introduced, and the Hamiltonian of spinor BEC with spin 1, spin 2 and spin 3 is calculated, respectively. Then, by using the mean field theory, the Gross-Pitaevskii equations of spin 1 and spin 2 spinor BEC are obtained. The possible ground states of the consistent system of spin 1 and spin 2 are discussed, and the phase diagrams under certain parameters are given. In chapter 3, the concept of BEC's ordered parametric manifold is introduced by using the knowledge of group theory and differential manifold, and then the method of finding ground state by symmetry is introduced, and the possible ground states of spin 1 and spin 2 systems are classified by this method, respectively. Finally, the homotopy theory of topological classification is briefly introduced. By using the homotopy theory, the possible types of topological excitations in various spinor ordered parametric manifolds are analyzed, and two kinds of topological excitations, vortex and Skyrmion, are discussed in particular. In chapter 4, the effects of spin-orbit coupling on the system in two-component rotating BEC are discussed. It is found that spin-orbit coupling can induce hyperbolic Skyrmion. In different regions of interaction, the influence of spin-orbit coupling on Skyrmion is different. Then the three-component rotational BEC, of spin 1 is discussed and it is found that the spin-orbit coupling induces semi-skyrmion and three-vortex structures. Finally, it is discussed that the rotating BEC, of in-plane quadrupole magnetic field can lead to the generation of central Mermin-Ho vortex by the interaction of in-plane quadrupole magnetic field and rotation, and there are two topologies of hyperbolic meron and semi-skyrmion in the spin structure.
【學位授予單位】:中國科學院大學(中國科學院物理研究所)
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:O469
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