基于河流阻力規(guī)律的河型參數(shù)化分類方法與河型演變特征研究
[Abstract]:In order to plan rivers reasonably and scientifically, we should grasp the relevant information of rivers to the greatest extent before making plans for river protection and water resources development. Based on the law of river resistance, this paper studies the classification of river types in plane form, establishes a parametric classification method of river types based on the law of resistance, and carries out numerical simulation and Experimental Research on the most important bend hydrodynamic structure in river natural evolution. In this paper, statistical analysis, theoretical analysis and model test are used. The main contents and innovations of the paper are as follows: 1) Constructing the relationship between river resistance laws. The resistance laws of natural rivers determine the plane shape of rivers and the characteristics of different river types. Different from the law of resistance of water flow in open channel, the relationship of resistance law of river is constructed by considering the factors of river morphology. The specific method is to generalize the formula of head loss along the river to natural river, and make use of a series of parameters such as slope, discharge, velocity, sediment particle size, River form, River geometric characteristics and so on. By means of data analysis and data fitting, the expression form of river resistance law is obtained. Taking the river type parameters as classification index, the expression form of river resistance law is inverted, and a river type classification method with clear physical concept and simple expression is established. It is found that the single-line channel is very sensitive to the strength of the riverbank, while the multi-line channel is not directly affected by the strength of the riverbank, especially in the case of large aspect ratio. The curved channel is the most basic river form and the simplest deformation along the straight open channel. The flow movement in the curved channel is also the source power of the evolution of the river pattern. In view of this phenomenon, the flow dynamic characteristics of a curved channel with constant curvature under the critical curvature, including various velocity components, streamlines, secondary flow and wall shear stress, are studied by numerical and physical models. -e model can simulate the flow structure of curved channel efficiently, and it also proves that the flow in curved channel is strongly influenced by secondary flow. 3) experimental study on the evolution of river type. The alternate transformation of different river types, accompanied by the change of river resistance law, manifests itself as flow structure, slope, particle size distribution, riverbank and bed shape in real river. The short-term evolution of sinusoidal curved bends is studied under laboratory conditions. The control variables include initial curvature, river width and flow rate. The experimental results include: riparian line, flow field, topography and sediment transport. With non-cohesive sediment as experimental material, the experimental channel tends to develop in a wandering direction, and the environmental temperature and humidity have been proved to influence the evolution process of the river by affecting the cohesion of the material. The experimental results will be helpful to verify the classification formulas of river types in the future, and provide support for the study of the evolution of plane morphology of large natural rivers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號(hào)】:TV147
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