漿砌復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)形式的材料與結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)行為
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-09 19:58
【摘要】：自然界的生物歷經(jīng)億萬年優(yōu)勝劣汰演變,形成了具有優(yōu)異性能的天然生物材料,其中貝殼珍珠層以其高強(qiáng)度和強(qiáng)韌性性質(zhì)受到了研究者的廣泛關(guān)注。研究表明,其優(yōu)異的性能來源于珍珠層獨(dú)特的結(jié)構(gòu)形式:即碳酸鈣片層與有機(jī)質(zhì)交替排列的多級(jí)“磚—漿”結(jié)構(gòu),使得脆性碳酸鈣具有70—180MPa的拉伸強(qiáng)度及高達(dá)1%的斷裂應(yīng)變,其強(qiáng)韌性還由于其復(fù)雜的礦物橋、多邊形晶粒、納米突起等與漿砌組合形成的精巧多級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)形式,這些因素的存在使得人們很難全面的解釋其力學(xué)機(jī)理,但也極大的啟發(fā)了人們對(duì)于高性能材料的設(shè)計(jì)與構(gòu)造。基于此,本文對(duì)浙江漁場(chǎng)養(yǎng)殖的三角帆蚌的珍珠層進(jìn)行了顯微結(jié)構(gòu)觀察及力學(xué)行為研究,以探索珍珠層具體強(qiáng)韌機(jī)理,并以此為基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)建漿砌層合結(jié)構(gòu)形式的板、殼元件,研究其細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)宏觀力學(xué)性能的影響,為該材料在結(jié)構(gòu)防護(hù)等領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用提供有益的探索和技術(shù)支持。研究的內(nèi)容主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面:1、珍珠層顯微結(jié)構(gòu)觀察以及力學(xué)性能測(cè)試;利用掃描電子顯微鏡對(duì)三角帆蚌珍珠層微觀結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行觀察,給出其細(xì)觀結(jié)構(gòu)形貌;利用納米壓入測(cè)試系統(tǒng)測(cè)試珍珠層不同方向的硬度、剛度、以及彈性模量,并分析加載深度、加載速率等因素對(duì)測(cè)試結(jié)果的影響;對(duì)珍珠層進(jìn)行拉伸、壓縮、三點(diǎn)彎曲實(shí)驗(yàn),測(cè)試其抗拉壓性能以及斷裂性能,并分析水中浸泡對(duì)珍珠層性能的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:珍珠層材料呈各向異性且對(duì)應(yīng)變率敏感,其彈性模量與硬度隨應(yīng)變率的增加而增加;但各個(gè)方向?qū)?yīng)變率敏感程度不同,其厚度方向的性能對(duì)應(yīng)變率更敏感;水的浸潤會(huì)提高珍珠層的強(qiáng)度與韌性,且隨著浸泡時(shí)間的增加而增加。2、構(gòu)造珍珠層彈性模量的簡化分析模型。依據(jù)珍珠層微觀近似周期分布的結(jié)構(gòu)形式,結(jié)合串并聯(lián)思想構(gòu)建簡化的分析模型計(jì)算珍珠層不同方向的等效彈性模量。在此基礎(chǔ)上,分析了漿體材料性能與尺寸對(duì)等效彈性模量的影響。結(jié)果表明:漿體的彈性模量對(duì)整個(gè)材料的彈性模量影響很大。隨著漿體彈性模量的減小,漿砌結(jié)構(gòu)的等效模量減小;當(dāng)漿體彈性模量減小到低于砌體彈性模量的20%時(shí),等效彈性模量減小的趨勢(shì)急劇增加。因此在漿砌結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合材料中,砌體中填充的漿體材料彈性模量應(yīng)不小于砌體材料的20%,此時(shí)的整體結(jié)構(gòu)依然能夠保持良好的性能。3、構(gòu)建漿砌結(jié)構(gòu)有限元模型,研究其基本力學(xué)性能及板殼結(jié)構(gòu)受沖擊作用下的動(dòng)力響應(yīng)與抗侵徹能力。根據(jù)珍珠層微結(jié)構(gòu)形式建立規(guī)則六邊形與不規(guī)則隨機(jī)多邊形漿砌結(jié)構(gòu)層狀復(fù)合板與殼的模型,利用abaqus有限元軟件對(duì)漿砌結(jié)構(gòu)層狀復(fù)合板、殼在子彈沖擊作用下的結(jié)構(gòu)響應(yīng)進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬。板的模擬結(jié)果表明:漿砌結(jié)構(gòu)形式可有效提高復(fù)合板的韌性,相同載荷下陶瓷板呈圓臺(tái)形破壞形式,而漿砌結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合板呈圓柱形破壞形式,且撓度大,變形程度高;漿砌結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合板的抗沖擊性能優(yōu)于單一材料的陶瓷板,在相同條件的子彈沖擊作用下,漿砌結(jié)構(gòu)形式構(gòu)件的損傷程度小,開孔直徑小,高速碎片少,子彈殘余速度低等;其中,不規(guī)則漿砌結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合構(gòu)件的性能優(yōu)于規(guī)則漿砌結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合構(gòu)件,且增加層內(nèi)砌體體積分?jǐn)?shù),或減小層間砌體體積分?jǐn)?shù),能有效提高復(fù)合板的吸能特性。圓柱殼的模擬結(jié)果表明:與純陶瓷圓柱殼相比,漿砌結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合圓柱殼的剛度較低,其彈道極限速度較低,但陶瓷圓柱殼受到子彈沖擊后全局多處發(fā)生嚴(yán)重失效,而漿砌結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合圓柱殼只產(chǎn)生局部失效,結(jié)構(gòu)完整性保持較好;其中,規(guī)則漿砌結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合圓柱殼比不規(guī)則漿砌結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合圓柱殼的抗沖擊性能更好,主要體現(xiàn)在損傷程度小,子彈殘余速度低,產(chǎn)生碎片少等。
[Abstract]:Natural biological materials have evolved over hundreds of millions of years and formed a natural biological material with excellent properties. The shell pearl layer is widely concerned by the researchers for its high strength and toughness. The study shows that its excellent performance comes from the unique structure of the pearl layer, that is, the alternate arrangement of the Calcium Carbonate Tablets layer and the organic matter. The multilevel "brick - slurry" structure makes brittle calcium carbonate have 70 - 180MPa tensile strength and up to 1% fracture strain, and its strength and toughness are also due to its complex mineral bridge, polygon grain, nano protruding and so on. The existence of these factors makes it difficult for people to explain its force in an all-round way. Learning mechanism, but also greatly enlighten people on the design and construction of high performance materials. Based on this, this paper studies the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the pearl layer of Hyriopsis cumingi cultured in Zhejiang fishing ground, in order to explore the concrete strength and toughness of the pearl layer. The influence of the microstructure on the macroscopic mechanical properties provides useful exploration and technical support for the application of the material in the field of structural protection. The main contents of the study include the following aspects: 1, the microstructure observation of the pearl layer and the mechanical properties test, and the microscopic structure of the pearl layer of Hyriopsis cumingii by scanning electron microscopy. The microstructure and morphology were observed and the hardness, stiffness and elastic modulus of different directions of pearl layer were tested by nano pressure entry test system, and the effects of loading depth and loading rate on the test results were analyzed. The tensile, compression and three point bending experiments were carried out to test the tensile and fracture properties of the pearl layer and the fracture properties were measured and divided into two parts. The effect of water immersion on the performance of pearl layer was analyzed. The experimental results showed that the material of nacre was anisotropic and sensitive to strain rate, and its modulus and hardness increased with the increase of strain rate, but the sensitivity of each direction to variation rate was different, the performance of its thickness direction was more sensitive to the variation rate, and the infiltration of water would increase the strength of the pearl layer. The simplified analysis model of the elastic modulus of the pearl layer is constructed with the increase of the immersion time and the increase of the soaking time. According to the structure of the approximate periodic distribution of the pearl layer, the equivalent elastic modulus of the different directions of the pearl layer is calculated by a simplified analysis model combined with the series parallel connection idea. On this basis, the properties of the slurry are analyzed. The effect of the size on the equivalent elastic modulus shows that the modulus of elasticity of the slurry has a great influence on the elastic modulus of the whole material. With the decrease of the modulus of elasticity of the slurry, the equivalent modulus of the masonry structure decreases, and the decrease of the equivalent elastic modulus increases sharply when the modulus of elasticity of the slurry decreases to less than 20% of the elastic modulus of the masonry. In the masonry composite material, the elastic modulus of the slurry filled material in masonry should not be less than 20% of the masonry material. The overall structure of the masonry can still maintain good performance.3. The finite element model of the masonry structure is constructed. The basic mechanical properties and the dynamic response and anti penetration ability of the plate and shell structure under the impact of the shell and shell structure are studied. The model of regular hexagonal and irregular random polygon laminated composite plates and shells is established in the microstructural form of the pearl layer. The structural response of the laminated composite plate and shell under the impact of bullets is simulated by the ABAQUS finite element software. The simulation results show that the structure of the mortar can be effectively improved. The toughness of the plywood plate is in the form of circular failure under the same load, and the mortar structure composite plate has a cylindrical failure form, and the deflection is large and the deformation degree is high. The impact resistance of the masonry composite plate is better than that of the single ceramic plate. Under the impact of the same condition, the damage degree of the structural members is small. The diameter of the hole is small, the high-speed debris is few, and the residual velocity of the bullet is low. Among them, the performance of the irregular slurry structure composite member is better than that of the regular masonry structure composite member. It can increase the volume fraction of the masonry in the layer, or reduce the volume fraction of the interlayer masonry. The simulation results of the cylindrical shell show that the cylindrical shell is with the pure ceramic cylinder. Compared to the shell, the stiffness of the composite cylindrical shell is lower and its ballistic limit speed is low, but the ceramic cylindrical shell is severely damaged in many places after the impact of the bullets, and the composite cylindrical shell of the mortar structure only produces local failure and the structural integrity is better, in which the composite cylindrical shell is more than the irregular slurry. The impact resistance of cylindrical shell is better, which is mainly manifested in the small degree of damage, low residual velocity of bullet and less fragments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：O34
本文編號(hào)：2175153
[Abstract]:Natural biological materials have evolved over hundreds of millions of years and formed a natural biological material with excellent properties. The shell pearl layer is widely concerned by the researchers for its high strength and toughness. The study shows that its excellent performance comes from the unique structure of the pearl layer, that is, the alternate arrangement of the Calcium Carbonate Tablets layer and the organic matter. The multilevel "brick - slurry" structure makes brittle calcium carbonate have 70 - 180MPa tensile strength and up to 1% fracture strain, and its strength and toughness are also due to its complex mineral bridge, polygon grain, nano protruding and so on. The existence of these factors makes it difficult for people to explain its force in an all-round way. Learning mechanism, but also greatly enlighten people on the design and construction of high performance materials. Based on this, this paper studies the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the pearl layer of Hyriopsis cumingi cultured in Zhejiang fishing ground, in order to explore the concrete strength and toughness of the pearl layer. The influence of the microstructure on the macroscopic mechanical properties provides useful exploration and technical support for the application of the material in the field of structural protection. The main contents of the study include the following aspects: 1, the microstructure observation of the pearl layer and the mechanical properties test, and the microscopic structure of the pearl layer of Hyriopsis cumingii by scanning electron microscopy. The microstructure and morphology were observed and the hardness, stiffness and elastic modulus of different directions of pearl layer were tested by nano pressure entry test system, and the effects of loading depth and loading rate on the test results were analyzed. The tensile, compression and three point bending experiments were carried out to test the tensile and fracture properties of the pearl layer and the fracture properties were measured and divided into two parts. The effect of water immersion on the performance of pearl layer was analyzed. The experimental results showed that the material of nacre was anisotropic and sensitive to strain rate, and its modulus and hardness increased with the increase of strain rate, but the sensitivity of each direction to variation rate was different, the performance of its thickness direction was more sensitive to the variation rate, and the infiltration of water would increase the strength of the pearl layer. The simplified analysis model of the elastic modulus of the pearl layer is constructed with the increase of the immersion time and the increase of the soaking time. According to the structure of the approximate periodic distribution of the pearl layer, the equivalent elastic modulus of the different directions of the pearl layer is calculated by a simplified analysis model combined with the series parallel connection idea. On this basis, the properties of the slurry are analyzed. The effect of the size on the equivalent elastic modulus shows that the modulus of elasticity of the slurry has a great influence on the elastic modulus of the whole material. With the decrease of the modulus of elasticity of the slurry, the equivalent modulus of the masonry structure decreases, and the decrease of the equivalent elastic modulus increases sharply when the modulus of elasticity of the slurry decreases to less than 20% of the elastic modulus of the masonry. In the masonry composite material, the elastic modulus of the slurry filled material in masonry should not be less than 20% of the masonry material. The overall structure of the masonry can still maintain good performance.3. The finite element model of the masonry structure is constructed. The basic mechanical properties and the dynamic response and anti penetration ability of the plate and shell structure under the impact of the shell and shell structure are studied. The model of regular hexagonal and irregular random polygon laminated composite plates and shells is established in the microstructural form of the pearl layer. The structural response of the laminated composite plate and shell under the impact of bullets is simulated by the ABAQUS finite element software. The simulation results show that the structure of the mortar can be effectively improved. The toughness of the plywood plate is in the form of circular failure under the same load, and the mortar structure composite plate has a cylindrical failure form, and the deflection is large and the deformation degree is high. The impact resistance of the masonry composite plate is better than that of the single ceramic plate. Under the impact of the same condition, the damage degree of the structural members is small. The diameter of the hole is small, the high-speed debris is few, and the residual velocity of the bullet is low. Among them, the performance of the irregular slurry structure composite member is better than that of the regular masonry structure composite member. It can increase the volume fraction of the masonry in the layer, or reduce the volume fraction of the interlayer masonry. The simulation results of the cylindrical shell show that the cylindrical shell is with the pure ceramic cylinder. Compared to the shell, the stiffness of the composite cylindrical shell is lower and its ballistic limit speed is low, but the ceramic cylindrical shell is severely damaged in many places after the impact of the bullets, and the composite cylindrical shell of the mortar structure only produces local failure and the structural integrity is better, in which the composite cylindrical shell is more than the irregular slurry. The impact resistance of cylindrical shell is better, which is mainly manifested in the small degree of damage, low residual velocity of bullet and less fragments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：O34
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