本文選題：雙光束光阱 + 四光束光阱��； 參考：《國防科學技術大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：光與分散體系中分散相微粒的相互作用包含著能量和動量的傳遞。光阱技術可以限制微粒運動的特性使得人們可以方便的觀測分散體系中單個微粒的動力學過程,這對于研究微粒的個體行為和彼此間的相互作用是非常有用的。例如光阱中存在多微球的情況,其中每個微球不僅受到來自背景光場的力作用,還受到來自其他微球散射光場和流體運動的影響。在適當?shù)臈l件下,多微球可以集聚形成各種結構,即光學結合(Opitcal binding)現(xiàn)象。盡管光阱中單微粒的力學特性已經(jīng)被廣泛研究,但人們往往容易忽視多微粒散射光的力學效應,因而對多微球動力學的定量研究顯得比較粗糙;同時倏逝波光阱作為二維光阱,為光學結合現(xiàn)象提供了天然的載體,尚沒有對緊密結構中微球行為特性的定量研究。對這些現(xiàn)象的觀測和研究,可以幫助人們更加全面的認識光力作用和拓展新的應用�；谶@些需求,本文觀測了倏逝波光阱中多微球在光力作用下集聚形成小間隔的一維和二維結構的實驗現(xiàn)象,利用微球的位置波動定量的分析了單體微球和一維微球鏈的動力學特性。主要研究工作包括以下幾個方面:1.單微球布朗動力學仿真。比較了常用的光阱剛度標定方法,指出均方位移法和玻爾茲曼法都不需要微球在流體中的粘度信息,這種特性有助于近平面倏逝波光阱剛度的標定。利用蒙特卡洛法和有限元法分別通過位置和速度迭代方式仿真了流體中單微球在受限布朗運動影響下的位置波動,比較了它們的特點,介紹了速度相關記憶時間和位置相關記憶時間的概念。通過仿真結果求解剛度發(fā)現(xiàn)二者的誤差相當,但位置迭代方式計算時間顯著縮短了3~4個量級。在仿真中發(fā)現(xiàn)當光阱中兩個正交方向上剛度差異較大時,二維坐標系的選取可以對微球位置波動相關函數(shù)造成顯著的影響。最后仿真了微球在外力矩作用下轉動并受到布朗運動影響的位置波動,分析了三種情況下微球位置波動相關函數(shù)的特性,即轉動位移占主要因素的情況、布朗位移占主要因素的情況和介于二者之間的情況,這種相關函數(shù)的分析提供了一種測量微球轉動信息的方法。2.倏逝波光阱系統(tǒng)。搭建了雙光束倏逝波光阱系統(tǒng),觀測到直徑1umSiO2的微球形成一維鏈式結構的實驗現(xiàn)象;搭建了四光束倏逝波光阱系統(tǒng),觀測到直徑1umSiO2的微球形成二維結構的實驗現(xiàn)象。3.多微球位置同時探測算法的實現(xiàn)。描述了顯微鏡物鏡衍射成像的特點,仿真了設定信噪比下點源在圖像傳感器中所成的數(shù)字圖像。比較了單微球位置探測常用的圖像分析算法,根據(jù)觀察的微球鏈的運動特性,改進了現(xiàn)有的極值中心法,在取得同等探測精度的前提下大幅縮短了探測時間,為后續(xù)實驗中多微球位置的探測奠定了基礎。4.一維結構中單體微球動力學特性的研究。在雙光束倏逝波光阱中,直徑1um的SiO2微球在光力作用下形成間隔緊密的一維微球鏈。在得到微球的位置波動后,分析了不同條件下微球平均間隔的差異;將每個微球看作處于各自的勢阱中,這些勢阱的剛度可以通過球-彈簧模型中各微球間連接彈簧的彈性系數(shù)來獲得。在不同條件下分別計算了鏈式結構中連接彈簧的彈性系數(shù),并首次從實驗中定量地確定了它與激光功率和結構中微球數(shù)量之間的線性關系。依據(jù)這種線性關系推算了微球形成穩(wěn)定鏈式結構所需的閾值功率,和實驗中所觀察的現(xiàn)象相符合。5.一維微球鏈整體動力學特性研究。比較了微球鏈和聚合物分子鏈的共同點和不同點,詳細介紹了聚合物分子鏈基本的動力學模型:Rouse模型和Zimm模型。由于同時求解微球鏈中多個微球的運動方程存在很大的困難,因此在單個微球位置波動的基礎上,采用彼此獨立的模式將其組合以描述微球鏈的運動特性。建立了一般化的微球運動方程,介紹了描述微球間流體運動相互影響的張量。將遷移矩陣特征化得到微球鏈運動狀態(tài)的本征模式,并通過已知Rouse模型和Zimm模型的仿真驗證了其有效性。利用矩陣特征化方法求解了實際微球鏈的本征模式,并探索了本征模式自相關函數(shù)衰減時間的特性。6.二維結構中單體微球動力學特性的研究。在四光束倏逝波光阱中記錄了微球在布朗運動作用下的位置波動,并驗證了方形“晶格”結構。變換坐標系和去掉單元結構質(zhì)心位置波動后,展示了微球相對位置波動的分布特性。根據(jù)其方差計算了各微球所處光阱的剛度,結果證實了微球單元結構中各微球受到相等的光力作用。
[Abstract]:The interaction of dispersed phase particles in the light and dispersion system contains the transfer of energy and momentum. The optical trap technique can restrict the characteristics of the motion of particles so that it is convenient for people to observe the dynamics of a single particle in the dispersion system, which is very useful for the study of the individual behavior of particles and the interaction between these particles. There are many microspheres in the optical trap, in which each microsphere is not only affected by the force from the background light field, but also influenced by the scattering light field and fluid motion from other microspheres. Under appropriate conditions, the multi microspheres can be gathered to form various structures, that is, the optical binding (Opitcal binding) phenomenon. Although the mechanical properties of the single particles in the optical trap are in spite of the mechanical properties of the optical trap It has been widely studied, but people tend to ignore the mechanical effects of the multi particle scattering light, so the quantitative study of the dynamics of multi microspheres appears relatively rough. At the same time, the evanescent wave optical trap provides a natural carrier for the optical binding phenomenon as a two-dimensional optical trap, and there is no quantitative study on the behavior of microspheres in tight structure. The observation and study of some phenomena can help people to understand the effect of light force and expand the new application. Based on these requirements, this paper observates the experimental phenomenon that the multi microspheres in the evanescent wave optical trap gather with the light force to form a small spaced one and two dimensional structures, and the quantitative analysis of the single microspheres by the position fluctuation of the microspheres is used. The main research work includes the following aspects: 1. Brown dynamics simulation of single microsphere. Compared with the usual calibration method of optical well stiffness, it is pointed out that both the azimuth shift method and the Boltzmann method do not require the viscosity information of the microsphere in the fluid. This property is helpful to the standard of the near plane evanescent wave optical well. By using the Monte Carlo method and the finite element method, the position and velocity iteration methods are used to simulate the position fluctuation of the single microspheres under the influence of limited Brown motion respectively, and their characteristics are compared. The concepts of the time of the velocity related memory and the related memory time of the position are introduced. Through the simulation results, the errors of the two are found. The calculation time of the position iterative method shortened the 3~4 magnitude significantly. In the simulation, it was found that when the stiffness difference between the two orthogonal directions in the optical trap was large, the selection of the two-dimensional coordinate system could have a significant influence on the correlation function of the microsphere position fluctuation. Finally, the microspheres were rotated under the external torque and influenced by the Brown motion. The characteristics of the position fluctuation of the microspheres are analyzed in three cases, that is, the main factors of the rotation displacement, the main factors of the Brown displacement and the situation between the two, and the analysis of the correlation function provides a method of measuring the transfer information of the microspheres.2. evanescent wave optical well system. A double beam evanescent wave optical trap system is used to observe the experimental phenomenon of one dimension chain structure of the microspheres with diameter 1umSiO2, and a four beam evanescent wave optical trap system is built. The experimental phenomenon of the formation of a two-dimensional structure of 1umSiO2 microspheres is observed..3. multi microsphere location detection algorithm is realized. The characteristics of the diffraction imaging of the microscope objective are described. The digital image of the point source in the image sensor under the set signal to noise ratio is simulated. The image analysis algorithm commonly used in the single microsphere location detection is compared. According to the motion characteristics of the observed microsphere chain, the existing extremum center method is improved. The detection time is shortened greatly on the premise of obtaining the same detection precision, and it is a multi microsatellite in the follow-up experiment. In the double beam evanescent wave optical trap, the SiO2 microspheres with diameter 1um form a compact one dimension microsphere chain under the action of light force in the double beam evanescent wave optical trap. The difference of the average interval between the microspheres under different conditions is analyzed and each microsphere is divided into each microsphere in the evanescent wave optical trap of a double beam. In the potential well, the stiffness of these potential wells can be obtained by the elastic coefficient of the spring between the microspheres in the ball spring model. The elastic coefficients of the spring are calculated in the chain structure under different conditions, and the quantity between the laser power and the number of the microspheres in the structure is determined for the first time in the experiment. Based on this linear relation, the threshold power required for the formation of a stable chain of microspheres is calculated. The whole dynamics characteristics of the.5. one-dimensional microsphere chain are studied in accordance with the observed phenomena in the experiment. The common points and different points of the microsphere chain and the polymer chain are compared, and the basic kinetics of the polymer molecular chain are detailed and detailed. Model: Rouse model and Zimm model. Because there is a great difficulty in solving the motion equations of microspheres in microspheres at the same time, on the basis of the fluctuation of the single microspheres, they are combined to describe the motion characteristics of the microspheres. A general microsphere motion equation is established, and the microsphere flow is described. The eigenmode of the motion state of the microsphere chain is obtained by characterizing the migration matrix, and the validity of the model is verified by the simulation of the known Rouse model and the Zimm model. The eigenmode of the actual microsphere chain is solved by the matrix characterization method, and the characteristic.6. of the eigenmode autocorrelation function is explored. The dynamic characteristics of a single microsphere in a two-dimensional structure are studied. In the four beam evanescent wave optical trap, the position fluctuation of the microspheres under the action of Brown is recorded and the square lattice structure is verified. The distribution characteristics of the position fluctuation of the microsphere phase are displayed after the change of the coordinate system and the position of the mass center of the removed unit. The stiffness of the optical trap at each microsphere is calculated. The results confirm that the microspheres in the microsphere structure are subjected to the same optical force.
【學位授予單位】：國防科學技術大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：O43

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