本文選題：雙翅目 + 沼大蚊科　； 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：沼大蚊科Limoniidae隸屬于雙翅目Diptera大蚊總科Tipuloidea,是雙翅目中最大的科之一,廣泛分布于世界各地。沼大蚊亞科Limoniinae作為其中最大的亞科,種類多而常見,世界已知34屬3800余種,中國已知24屬300余種。沼大蚊亞科昆蟲是水質(zhì)監(jiān)測指示性昆蟲,也是重要的有機(jī)質(zhì)分解者,對維持生態(tài)平衡具有重要意義。沼大蚊亞科部分種類能對農(nóng)作物造成危害,為農(nóng)業(yè)害蟲。此外,部分種類成蟲還具有訪花的習(xí)慣,是重要的傳粉昆蟲。因此,開展沼大蚊亞科昆蟲研究具重要意義。我國沼大蚊亞科昆蟲的研究還很不充分。早期的研究主要由國外學(xué)者完成,且研究標(biāo)本的采集地也較為局限,多集中于我國東南地區(qū)。沼大蚊的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系也爭議較大。本論文對我國沼大蚊亞科進(jìn)行了全面的系統(tǒng)分類研究,介紹了沼大蚊亞科昆蟲各蟲態(tài)的形態(tài)特征及生物學(xué),對其系統(tǒng)發(fā)育、分類和地理分布等多個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了研究,取得如下結(jié)果:(1)測取并分析了沼大蚊亞科7種線粒體基因組。分析結(jié)果表明沼大蚊亞科線粒體基因組長度約為1.5kb,共包含37個(gè)編碼基因,無明顯基因重排現(xiàn)象。(2)利用線粒體基因組數(shù)據(jù),對沼大蚊亞科進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究。研究結(jié)果支持了沼大蚊亞科的單系性,褶大蚊族和象大蚊族歸屬于沼大蚊亞科。沼大蚊亞科族間系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系為(褶大蚊族+象大蚊族)+(安大蚊族+沼大蚊族)。象大蚊族的單系性也得到了較好的支持。此外,本研究首次運(yùn)用分子數(shù)據(jù)支持了箭大蚊屬屬于象大蚊族。(3)根據(jù)標(biāo)本和文獻(xiàn),對我國沼大蚊亞科24屬334種進(jìn)行全面記述,并對其中20屬104種進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)地描述、繪圖和拍照。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)29新種,包括櫛形大蚊屬Rhipidia12種、長唇大蚊屬Geranomyia 7種、箭大蚊屬Toxorhina5種、象大蚊屬Elephantomyia2種、白爪大蚊屬Thrypticomyia2種以及褶大蚊屬Dicranoptycha1種。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)6中國新記錄種,分別為櫛形大蚊屬Rhipidia3種、箭大蚊屬Toxorhina2種以及象大蚊屬Elephantomyia1種。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)新種和中國新記錄種共計(jì)35種,使我國沼大蚊亞科從299種增至334種,增加了 11.71%。此外,分類研究中還提供了沼大蚊科分亞科檢索表以及沼大蚊亞科分屬檢索表,并對沼大蚊亞科絕大部分屬都編制了分亞屬、分種檢索表。(4)對沼大蚊亞科在世界以及中國的地理分布情況做了分析。從世界沼大蚊亞科各屬的分布格局來看,東洋區(qū)最豐富,其次為古北區(qū)和澳洲區(qū),新北區(qū)最少。從中國沼大蚊亞科屬種的分布格局來看,華南區(qū)最豐富,其次為華中區(qū)和西南區(qū),東北區(qū)最少。此外,作為與其它大陸分離時(shí)間較早的動(dòng)物地理區(qū)系,澳洲區(qū)的特有屬最多;中國的華南區(qū)擁有3個(gè)特有屬,其余各區(qū)則均無特有屬。
[Abstract]:Limoniidae belongs to Tipuloidea of Diptera Diptera. It is one of the largest families in Diptera and is widely distributed all over the world. As one of the largest subfamilies, Limoniinae is the largest subfamily, with more than 3800 species of 34 genera known in the world and more than 3800 species of 24 genera known in China. As an indicator of water quality monitoring and an important decomposer of organic matter, the subfamilies of Bioscophelidae are of great significance in maintaining ecological balance. Some species of the subfamily Anophelidae can harm crops and are agricultural pests. In addition, some adult species also have the habit of visiting flowers and are important pollinators. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop the research on the subfamilies of Diphelidae. The studies on subfamilies of Bigophelidae in China are not enough. The early studies were mainly carried out by foreign scholars, and the collection sites of the specimens were also limited, and most of them were concentrated in southeastern China. The phylogenetic relationship of mosquitoes was also controversial. In this paper, the systematic taxonomy of the subfamilies of Anophelidae in China was studied, and the morphological characteristics and biology of the insects were introduced. The phylogeny, taxonomy and geographical distribution of the insects were also studied. The results obtained are as follows: 1) the mitochondrial genomes of 7 species of the subfamily Diphelophelidae were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the length of mitochondrial genome was about 1.5 kb, containing 37 coding genes, and there was no obvious gene rearrangement. The results support the monophyletic character of the subfamily Diphelophelidae, which belongs to the subfamily Diphelidae. The phylogenetic relationship among the subfamilies of Anopheles marina is as follows: (phyllodes) (Anda mosquito family) (Anda mosquito family). The monophyllity of the large mosquito family is also well supported. In addition, for the first time, the molecular data were used to support the description of 334 species of 24 genera and 24 genera of the genus Anopheles, 20 genera and 104 species, according to the specimens and literature. Drawing and photographing. 29 new species were found, including Rhipidia12 species, Geranomyia species, Toxorhina5 species, Elephantomyia2 species, Thrypticomyia2 species and Dicranoptycha1 species. Six new records were found in China, including Rhipidia3 species, Toxorhina2 species and Elephantomyia1 species. A total of 35 new species and 35 new recorded species in China have been found, which has increased the number of subfamilies of Bigophelidae from 299 to 334, an increase of 11.71%. In addition, the search tables of subfamily subfamilies and subfamilies of subfamilies were provided in the taxonomic studies, and subgenera were compiled for most genera of subfamilies. The geographical distribution of the subfamily Diphelidae in the world and in China was analyzed. According to the distribution pattern of the subfamilies in the world, the Oriental region is the most abundant, followed by the Palaeard region and Australia region, and the New North region is the least. According to the distribution pattern of subfamilies of Diphelidae in China, South China is the most abundant, followed by the central and southwest regions, and the northeast region is the least. In addition, as an earlier fauna isolated from other continents, Australia has the most endemic genera, while South China has 3 endemic genera, while none of the other regions has endemic genera.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q969

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 Qiu-Lei Men;;Two new species of the genus Libnotes Westwood(Diptera: Limoniidae) from China, with a key to Chinese species[J];Zoological Systematics;2015年01期

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本文編號：1984046