發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-29 05:35

  本文選題：炸藥激發(fā)參數(shù) + 震源子波��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：在陸地油氣地震勘探中,炸藥震源激發(fā)參數(shù),包括激發(fā)介質(zhì)、炸藥爆速、藥量、藥柱直徑、耦合介質(zhì)和幾何耦合,對(duì)地震記錄中信號(hào)的振幅和頻率特征有重要影響。目前,對(duì)激發(fā)參數(shù)的影響的認(rèn)識(shí)主要來(lái)自實(shí)際試驗(yàn),缺少對(duì)應(yīng)的理論研究。本文基于爆炸力學(xué)和彈塑性力學(xué),提出采用數(shù)值模擬與球狀震源模型結(jié)合的方法,從理論上計(jì)算了炸藥震源在巖土介質(zhì)中產(chǎn)生的震源子波。本文提出的震源子波的計(jì)算過(guò)程為:首先是數(shù)值模擬炸藥在巖土介質(zhì)中的激發(fā)過(guò)程,分析介質(zhì)中產(chǎn)生的塑性-彈性邊界大小及壓力曲線;然后,采用三角指數(shù)衰減函數(shù)(正弦函數(shù)和指數(shù)衰減函數(shù)的乘積)擬合該壓力曲線,得到塑性-彈性邊界壓力函數(shù);最后,基于球狀震源模型,以介質(zhì)彈性參數(shù)、PEB尺寸和壓力函數(shù)為輸入計(jì)算子波。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)不同巖性的地表介質(zhì),計(jì)算了不同激發(fā)參數(shù)對(duì)應(yīng)的子波,并研究了這些參數(shù)與子波振幅和頻率的關(guān)系。研究表明,灰?guī)r和砂巖中產(chǎn)生的子波主頻較高而低頻成分較少,可以采用高爆速炸藥、大藥量、大藥徑、水耦合增加低頻成分;黃土中產(chǎn)生的子波主頻較低而且頻帶寬度較小,可以采用低爆速炸藥、小藥量、大藥徑、膠泥耦合提高子波主頻和頻帶寬度。理論計(jì)算結(jié)果與前人實(shí)際觀測(cè)結(jié)果的對(duì)比表明,兩者在激發(fā)巖性與子波形態(tài)、振幅和頻率,炸藥爆速與子波振幅,黃土中藥量與子波頻率、灰?guī)r中耦合參數(shù)與子波振幅等方面基本相似。理論研究結(jié)果能解釋和驗(yàn)證一些實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)與采集數(shù)據(jù),也可以為特定地表介質(zhì)條件下炸藥爆速、藥量、藥徑、耦合等參數(shù)的選取提供參考。
[Abstract]:In terrestrial oil and gas seismic exploration, the excitation parameters of explosive source, including the excitation medium, explosive detonation velocity, explosive quantity, particle diameter, coupling medium and geometric coupling, have an important effect on the amplitude and frequency characteristics of the signal in seismic records. At present, the understanding of the influence of excitation parameters mainly comes from the actual experiment, and lacks the corresponding theoretical research. Based on explosive mechanics and elastoplastic mechanics, a method combining numerical simulation with spherical source model is proposed to calculate the source wavelet generated by explosive source in rock and soil media theoretically. The calculation process of the source wavelet presented in this paper is as follows: first, the excitation process of explosive in geotechnical medium is simulated, and the plastic elastic boundary size and pressure curve produced in the medium are analyzed. The triangular exponential attenuation function (the product of sinusoidal function and exponential attenuation function) is used to fit the pressure curve, and the plastic elastic boundary pressure function is obtained. The size and pressure function of PEB are taken as input to calculate wavelet. On this basis, wavelet corresponding to different excitation parameters is calculated for different lithologic surface media, and the relationship between these parameters and the amplitude and frequency of wavelet is studied. The results show that the wavelet generated in limestone and sandstone has higher main frequency and less low frequency component, so the low frequency component can be increased by high detonation rate explosive, large charge quantity, large particle diameter and water coupling, and the wavelet generated in loess has lower main frequency and smaller bandwidth. The main frequency and band width of wavelet can be improved by using low detonation rate explosive, small charge quantity, large diameter and coupling of cement. The comparison between the theoretical calculation results and the actual observation results shows that the lithology and wavelet morphology, amplitude and frequency, explosive detonation velocity and wavelet amplitude, the amount of loess traditional Chinese medicine and wavelet frequency are stimulated. The coupling parameters in limestone are basically similar to those of wavelet amplitude. The theoretical results can explain and verify some practical experience and data collection, and can also provide a reference for the selection of explosive detonation velocity, explosive quantity, particle diameter, coupling and other parameters under specific surface media conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P631.4

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