本文選題：水下系留平臺(tái) + 海流能�。� 參考：《西北工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：水下系留平臺(tái)是一種投放在海洋中依靠錨鏈直接與海底相聯(lián)接的水下平臺(tái),在軍事防御、海洋資源調(diào)查等軍民兩方面有廣泛的應(yīng)用。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)、偵察的能力,水下系留平臺(tái)必須具備長(zhǎng)時(shí)間水下連續(xù)工作的能力,水下工作時(shí)間是衡量水下系留平臺(tái)性能的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)。但是目前水下系留平臺(tái)都采用自帶電池供電,但受體積尺寸、重量的限制,攜帶能源是有限的,極大限制了水下系留平臺(tái)的水下連續(xù)工作能力。本文以探索研究水下系留平臺(tái)水下能源補(bǔ)給為主要目的,提出基于水下系留平臺(tái)的海流能發(fā)電裝置方案,利用海流能作為原動(dòng)力,并將之轉(zhuǎn)換為可供水下系留平臺(tái)使用的持續(xù)電能。在廣泛查閱和研讀國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,采用數(shù)值模擬與理論計(jì)算研究相結(jié)合的方法,圍繞基于水下系留平臺(tái)的海流能發(fā)電裝置方案、海流發(fā)電葉輪水動(dòng)力性能、葉輪-平臺(tái)耦合運(yùn)動(dòng)性能等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問(wèn)題展開(kāi)初步探索性研究,本文主要研究成果及創(chuàng)新性點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面:(1)水下系留平臺(tái)海流能發(fā)電裝置小型化方案設(shè)計(jì)。首先根據(jù)水下系留平臺(tái)的特殊性,提出了適用于水下系留平臺(tái)的海流能發(fā)電裝置技術(shù)指標(biāo);按照技術(shù)指標(biāo),提出了兩種適用于水下系留平臺(tái)的伸縮式海流能發(fā)電裝置,分別為垂直軸式和水平軸式;利用葉素-動(dòng)量理論優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)了一種適用于低流速、小型化的海流發(fā)電葉片;提出了利用磁力耦合器進(jìn)行葉輪力矩傳輸?shù)姆桨?有效解決葉輪轉(zhuǎn)軸的水下密封問(wèn)題,通過(guò)磁力場(chǎng)仿真驗(yàn)證了磁力耦合器進(jìn)行力矩傳輸?shù)目尚行浴?2)垂直軸海流發(fā)電葉輪水動(dòng)力性能研究。建立了適用于計(jì)算垂直軸海流發(fā)電葉輪的CFD仿真模型,詳細(xì)介紹了計(jì)算域劃分、邊界條件設(shè)置、計(jì)算網(wǎng)格劃分以及CFD求解設(shè)置策略;著重分析計(jì)算了網(wǎng)格密度、仿真步長(zhǎng)以及湍流模型對(duì)葉輪非定常計(jì)算結(jié)果的影響,通過(guò)對(duì)比已有的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),總結(jié)出一套高精度的數(shù)值模型設(shè)置參數(shù);在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)比分析了不同葉片弧度、葉片張開(kāi)角度對(duì)葉輪平均水動(dòng)力性能(推力、側(cè)向力、扭矩和功率)的影響;借助于流場(chǎng)可視化技術(shù),分析了葉輪轉(zhuǎn)速、葉片張開(kāi)角度對(duì)葉輪瞬時(shí)水動(dòng)力性能的影響機(jī)理。(3)水平軸海流發(fā)電葉輪水動(dòng)力性能研究。首先對(duì)靜態(tài)葉輪進(jìn)行定常數(shù)值仿真,對(duì)比幾種不同葉片的葉輪在特定海況下的水動(dòng)力性能,選出性能最優(yōu)的葉片作為非定常數(shù)值仿真的對(duì)象;之后針對(duì)復(fù)雜工況下的水平軸海流發(fā)電葉輪,通過(guò)非定常CFD建模仿真,對(duì)比研究葉輪尖速比、葉輪展開(kāi)長(zhǎng)度、平臺(tái)姿態(tài)角以及湍流強(qiáng)度等影響因素對(duì)葉輪水動(dòng)力性能和尾流場(chǎng)分布的影響。(4)水下系留平臺(tái)耦合運(yùn)動(dòng)性能研究。平臺(tái)姿態(tài)變化對(duì)葉輪發(fā)電性能有明顯影響,因此有必要分析葉輪-平臺(tái)系統(tǒng)耦合運(yùn)動(dòng)的穩(wěn)定性。首先基于Newton-Euler法建立了水下系留平臺(tái)主體的六自由度動(dòng)力學(xué)模型;考慮到水下系留平臺(tái)在海洋環(huán)境的作用下處于一種大攻角下的微速分離流動(dòng)狀態(tài),利用CFD技術(shù)分析水下系留平臺(tái)大攻角繞流下的流體動(dòng)力特性,得到大攻角下水下系留平臺(tái)的各水動(dòng)力參數(shù);根據(jù)數(shù)值計(jì)算結(jié)果對(duì)葉輪周期性水動(dòng)力進(jìn)行擬合,得到葉輪周期性擾動(dòng)力模型;根據(jù)集中質(zhì)量法建立了水下錨攬的三維動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,引入錨鏈?zhǔn)锥撕湍┒说膭?dòng)力學(xué)和運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)耦合條件,建立整個(gè)水下系留平臺(tái)的耦合動(dòng)力學(xué)模型;基于系統(tǒng)耦合動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,分析比較了平臺(tái)重浮力配置、錨纜長(zhǎng)度、葉輪伸出位置以及海流流速等參數(shù)對(duì)葉輪-平臺(tái)系統(tǒng)耦合運(yùn)動(dòng)性能的影響。
[Abstract]:The underwater tethered platform is a kind of underwater platform which is directly connected with the seabed by the anchor chain in the ocean. It is widely used in two aspects, such as military defense, marine resources investigation and so on. In order to realize real-time monitoring and reconnaissance, the underwater tether must have the ability to work continuously under water for long time and underwater working time. It is an important index to measure the performance of the underwater tethered platform. But at present, the underwater tethered platform is powered by the battery with its own battery, but limited by the size and weight, the energy is limited, which greatly restricts the continuous working ability of the underwater tethered platform. The purpose of this paper is to propose a scheme of the current energy generating unit based on the underwater tethered platform, using the current energy as the original power and converting it into the continuous electric energy used by the tethered platform for water supply. Based on the extensive reference and study of the related literature at home and abroad, the method of combining numerical simulation and theoretical calculation research is adopted, which is based on the underwater base. The preliminary exploratory research on the key technical problems of the current power generation device of the tethered platform, the hydrodynamic performance of the ocean current power turbine and the coupling motion of the impeller and the platform is carried out. The main research results and the innovative points in this paper are as follows: (1) the design of miniaturization of the underwater tethered flat sea power generation unit. According to the particularity of the underwater tethered platform, the technical index of the current energy generating unit suitable for underwater tethered platform is put forward. According to the technical indexes, two kinds of telescopic current energy generating units for underwater tethered platform are proposed, which are vertical axis and horizontal axis, and a kind of optimum design is designed by using the leaf element momentum theory. Flow velocity, miniaturized current power generation blade; proposed a scheme using magnetic coupler to carry out impeller torque transmission, effectively solving the problem of underwater seal of impeller rotating shaft. Through magnetic field simulation, the feasibility of torque transmission of magnetic coupler was verified. (2) research on hydrodynamic performance of vertical axis current turbine. In this paper, the CFD simulation model of a vertical axis current impeller is calculated. The calculation domain division, boundary condition setting, calculation grid division and CFD solution setting strategy are introduced in detail. The grid density, the simulation step and the turbulence model on the unsteady calculation results of the impeller are analyzed and calculated, and a set of experiments is made to sum up a set of experimental data. On this basis, the effects of different blade radians and blade opening angles on the average hydrodynamic performance (thrust, lateral force, torque and power) of the impeller were compared and analyzed on this basis. With the aid of flow visualization technology, the influence mechanism of impeller speed and blade opening angle on the instantaneous hydrodynamic performance of the blade wheel was analyzed. (3) The hydrodynamic performance of a horizontal axis current impeller is studied. First, the steady numerical simulation of the static impeller is carried out to compare the hydrodynamic performance of the impeller with different blades in a specific sea condition. The optimal blade is selected as the object of the unsteady numerical simulation. CFD modeling and simulation are used to compare the influence of impeller tip speed ratio, impeller expansion length, platform attitude angle and turbulence intensity on the hydrodynamic performance and wake distribution of the impeller. (4) study on the coupling motion performance of the underwater tethered platform. The attitude changes of the platform have a significant influence on the performance of the impeller power generation. The stability of the coupled motion of the platform system. First, based on the Newton-Euler method, a six degree of freedom dynamic model of the main body of the underwater tethered platform is established. Considering the micro velocity separation flow under a large angle of attack under the action of the marine environment under the action of the ocean environment, the fluid under the large angle of attack under the water mooring platform is analyzed by the CFD technology. The dynamic characteristics are obtained, and the hydrodynamic parameters of the subsewer platform are obtained at large angle of attack. According to the numerical results, the periodic hydrodynamic forces of the impeller are fitted, and the periodic dynamic model of the impeller is obtained. The three-dimensional dynamic model of the underwater anchor is established according to the centralized mass method, and the dynamic and kinematic coupling strips at the head end and the end of the anchorage chain are introduced. The coupling dynamic model of the entire underwater tethered platform is established, and based on the system coupling dynamic model, the effects of the parameters of the platform heavy buoyancy, the length of the anchor cable, the position of the impeller and the current flow velocity on the coupled motion performance of the impeller and platform system are analyzed and compared.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM612;P743.1

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