本文選題：暗條 + 手征性�。� 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：暗條是太陽(yáng)大氣中非常顯著的活動(dòng)現(xiàn)象,它的爆發(fā)與耀斑和日冕物質(zhì)拋射(CME)等現(xiàn)象密切相關(guān),反映了太陽(yáng)大氣中磁能的失穩(wěn)和釋放過程,而它的形態(tài)特征也與磁場(chǎng)的結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)聯(lián)。因此,暗條的形態(tài)特征為我們?cè)\斷日冕磁場(chǎng)提供了一個(gè)特殊的窗口。太陽(yáng)磁場(chǎng)的螺度呈現(xiàn)比較顯著的南北半球不對(duì)稱性,北半球以負(fù)螺度為主,南半球正螺度占優(yōu)。但是,關(guān)于半球規(guī)則的強(qiáng)度及其隨時(shí)間的變化規(guī)律還存在很大爭(zhēng)議。暗條的手征性是表征太陽(yáng)磁場(chǎng)螺度的一個(gè)參量。為了揭示暗條手征性半球規(guī)則強(qiáng)度隨時(shí)間的變化規(guī)律,本文選取在2010年5月至2015年12月之間發(fā)生在日面上的爆發(fā)暗條為研究樣本(共571個(gè)事件),利用爆發(fā)暗條落點(diǎn)偏向識(shí)別暗條手征性。該時(shí)段涵蓋第24太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周上升段和下降段早期。統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果顯示,該時(shí)段91.6%的爆發(fā)暗條遵守螺度符號(hào)半球規(guī)則。約97%寧?kù)o暗條在太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周上升段遵守半球規(guī)則,在活動(dòng)周下降段降低為～85%;中間型暗條在整個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)時(shí)段保持很高的半球規(guī)則符合度,約96 ±4%。只有活動(dòng)區(qū)暗條表現(xiàn)出明顯的波動(dòng),在活動(dòng)周上升段半球規(guī)則符合度由～63%升高到～95%,在活動(dòng)周下降段保持在82 ±5%左右,但是在太陽(yáng)極大年附近的半年內(nèi),其螺度符號(hào)半球規(guī)律幾乎消失。此外,我們從磁場(chǎng)演化角度對(duì)樣本中反半球規(guī)則暗條的形成進(jìn)行了分析,分析結(jié)果顯示反半球規(guī)則暗條源于跨赤道螺度傳輸、磁流浮現(xiàn)、太陽(yáng)表面磁流擴(kuò)散、湍流運(yùn)動(dòng)以及高緯度區(qū)較差自轉(zhuǎn)。在暗條手征性統(tǒng)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)上,我們利用基于暗條落點(diǎn)增亮的間接方法對(duì)暗條的磁場(chǎng)位形進(jìn)行識(shí)別。結(jié)果顯示,暗條樣本中～89%屬于反轉(zhuǎn)極性暗條,由磁繩結(jié)構(gòu)支撐;～11%屬于正常極性暗條,由磁拱結(jié)構(gòu)支撐。在暗條磁場(chǎng)位形研究基礎(chǔ)上,我們?cè)噲D討論爭(zhēng)議已久的2個(gè)有關(guān)CME的問題。一是關(guān)于磁繩是否是CME前身結(jié)構(gòu)的必要條件。我們的觀點(diǎn)是磁繩不是必要條件,即～89%的CME其前身結(jié)構(gòu)為磁繩,而約～11%的CME其前身結(jié)構(gòu)為剪切磁拱。對(duì)于后者,剪切磁拱會(huì)在爆發(fā)過程中通過磁重聯(lián)形成磁繩。二是關(guān)于CME的速度是否與暗條磁場(chǎng)位形有關(guān)。我們的結(jié)果顯示磁場(chǎng)位形對(duì)CME的拋射速度幾乎沒有影響,是爆發(fā)源區(qū)的磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度決定了 CME的拋射速度。最后,我們利用珥震學(xué)對(duì)暗條經(jīng)典倒鉤的磁場(chǎng)位形進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明經(jīng)典的倒鉤和主干一樣,物質(zhì)由磁凹陷支撐。但是,支撐主干的磁凹陷曲率半徑數(shù)倍大于倒鉤末端磁凹陷曲率半徑,支撐倒鉤的磁凹陷曲率半徑隨著高度的增加而增大,最終與主干的磁凹陷曲率半徑趨于一致。此外,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)存在第二類倒鉤,其末端不同于經(jīng)典倒鉤,并不向下延伸,也不對(duì)應(yīng)寄生磁極或局部磁中性線,它們是由主干伸出的一簇暗條纖維組成,末端通常向上延伸。并指出暗條縱向振蕩是第二類倒鉤一種可能的形成機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:The dark strip is a very significant active phenomenon in the solar atmosphere. Its outburst is closely related to the phenomena such as flare and coronal mass ejection (CME), which reflects the instability and release process of magnetic energy in the solar atmosphere. Its morphological characteristics are also related to the structure of the magnetic field. Therefore, the morphological features of the dark strip provide a special window for us to diagnose the coronal magnetic field. The helicity of the solar magnetic field shows obvious asymmetry in the north and south hemispheres. The negative helicity is dominant in the northern hemisphere and the positive helicity is dominant in the southern hemisphere. However, the intensity of hemispheric rules and their variation over time are still controversial. The chirality of the dark strip is a parameter to characterize the helicity of the solar magnetic field. In order to reveal the rule that the regular strength of chiral hemispheres varies with time, From May 2010 to December 2015, a total of 571 outburst dark strips were selected to identify the chirality of dark strips. This period covers the ascending and early stages of the 24 th solar cycle. The statistical results show that 91.6% of the outbursts follow the hemispherical rules of helicity symbols. About 97% of the quiet strips followed the hemispheric rule in the rising phase of the solar cycle, and decreased to 85 at the descending stage of the active cycle, while the middle type strip maintained a high hemispherical consistency of 96 鹵4 in the whole statistical period. Only the dark strip of the active region showed obvious fluctuation, and the hemispheric regularity of the ascending segment of the active cycle increased from 63% to 95%, and remained at about 82 鹵5% in the decreasing segment of the active cycle, but within half a year of the maximum solar year, The hemispherical regularity of the helicity symbol almost disappeared. In addition, from the angle of magnetic field evolution, we analyze the formation of the anti-hemispheric rule strip in the sample. The results show that the anti-hemispheric rule strip originates from the transequatorial helicity transmission, the magnetic current emerges, and the magnetic current diffuses on the surface of the sun. Turbulent motion and poor rotation at high latitudes. On the basis of the chirality statistics of dark strips, we use the indirect method based on the bright spot of dark strips to recognize the magnetic field configuration of dark strips. The results show that 89% of the dark strip samples belong to reverse polarity dark strip, 11% belong to normal polar dark strip supported by magnetic rope structure, and supported by magnetic arch structure. Based on the study of dark strip magnetic field configuration, we try to discuss two controversial CME problems. The first is about whether the magnetic rope is a necessary condition for the former structure of CME. Our view is that magnetic rope is not a necessary condition, that is, 89% of CME is magnetic rope, while about 11% of CME has shear arch. For the latter, the shear magnetic arch will form a magnetic rope by magnetic reconnection during the explosion. The second is whether the velocity of CME is related to the configuration of dark strip magnetic field. Our results show that the configuration of the magnetic field has little effect on the ejection velocity of CME, and that the intensity of the magnetic field in the source region of the burst determines the ejection velocity of the CME. Finally, we verify the magnetic field configuration of the classical barbs by means of prominence seismology. The results show that the classical barbs are supported by magnetic depressions just like the main barbs. However, the curvature radius of the magnetic sag supporting the main stem is several times larger than that of the magnetic sag at the end of the barb, and the curvature radius of the magnetic sag supporting the barb increases with the increase of height, which tends to be consistent with the curvature radius of the magnetic sag in the main stem. In addition, we find that there is a second kind of barbs, whose ends are different from classical barbs and do not extend downwards, nor do they correspond to parasitic magnetic poles or local magnetic neutral lines. They are composed of a cluster of dark fibers extending out of the trunk, and the ends usually extend upward. It is also pointed out that the longitudinal oscillation of dark strip is a possible mechanism of the second kind of barbed hook.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P182

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