本文選題：細粒沉積巖 + 儲集特征��； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)科學(xué)院》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：柴達木盆地西部北區(qū)新近系為典型的咸化湖盆沉積,細粒沉積物沉積特征特殊,非均質(zhì)性強,成烴與成儲機制復(fù)雜,研究程度相對薄弱。本文利用大量巖芯樣品,通過開展有機地球化學(xué)、X-衍射、孔滲、高壓壓汞、低溫液氮吸附、薄片觀察和掃描電鏡等系列實驗分析測試,對細粒沉積巖的沉積展布、巖性、礦物組成和儲集性能進行了研究。結(jié)合自然演化剖面和熱模擬實驗分析了孔隙演化特征和控制因素,并利用分形理論和方法,研究了細粒沉積巖儲層成巖特征及演化規(guī)律,優(yōu)選了油氣勘探的有利區(qū)。研究表明,柴西北區(qū)新近系鹽度在縱橫向上有較好的變化規(guī)律,早期沉積鹽度較低而晚期沉積鹽度較高,平面上沉積中心鹽度較高。氣候和沉積中心的遷移控制了沉積水體的鹽度和沉積物的巖性特征。隨著地層時代變新,研究區(qū)新近系細粒沉積巖中碳酸鹽巖類和混合巖類增加,在湖盆沉積中心厚度增大,但孔隙度和滲透率降低。細粒沉積巖孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,非均質(zhì)性強,壓汞曲線表現(xiàn)為前峰型(大于100nm孔隙發(fā)育)、后峰型(小于100nm孔隙優(yōu)勢明顯)和多峰型三種類型。上干柴溝組細粒沉積巖介孔優(yōu)勢明顯,孔隙非均質(zhì)較弱,而上油砂山組和下油砂山組細粒沉積巖宏孔和介孔發(fā)育,孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、非均質(zhì)性強。新近系細粒沉積巖成巖早期膠結(jié)作用和壓實作用均較強,導(dǎo)致該階段孔隙體積較小,但孔徑較大;中成巖階段有機酸產(chǎn)生的溶蝕作用明顯,鹽類物質(zhì)膠結(jié)作用可抵抗壓實作用的進程,因而孔隙體積有所增加,孔隙平均孔隙增大;到晚成巖作用階段,壓實作用趨于減弱,但鹽類礦物的膠結(jié)作用仍明顯,會進一步破壞儲層,此時有機質(zhì)含量高的細粒沉積巖顯示了發(fā)育較多有機質(zhì)孔的優(yōu)勢。細粒沉積巖的鹽度、礦物組成、有機碳含量和熱成熟度是控制孔隙發(fā)育的主要因素,表現(xiàn)在T0C含量與介孔體積呈正相關(guān),碳酸鹽礦物含量與比表面積、宏孔體積、介孔體積、微孔體積均呈負相關(guān);粘土礦物與比表面積、介孔體積、微孔體積呈正相關(guān),與宏孔體積呈負相關(guān);鹽度是控制孔隙分布的最關(guān)鍵因素,低-較高鹽度的細粒沉積巖中的微孔較復(fù)雜,超高鹽度的細粒沉積巖中微孔相對簡單。綜合柴西北區(qū)新近系細粒沉積巖空間展布、鹽度、T0C含量、成熟度和儲集物性特征,優(yōu)選出干柴溝—油泉子—南翼山地區(qū)為上干柴溝組細粒沉積巖油氣富集有利區(qū);油泉子—南翼山—開特米里克及大風(fēng)山以西地區(qū)為下油砂山組細粒沉積巖油氣富集有利區(qū);南翼山—開特米里克地區(qū)以及大風(fēng)山以西地區(qū)為上油砂山組細粒沉積巖油氣富集有利區(qū)。
[Abstract]:The Neogene in the western Qaidam basin is a typical saline lake basin. The fine grain sediments are characterized by special sedimentary characteristics, strong heterogeneity, complex hydrocarbon generation and reservoir formation mechanisms, and the degree of research is relatively weak.In this paper, by using a large number of core samples, the sedimentary distribution and lithology of fine-grained sedimentary rocks are investigated by means of a series of experiments, such as organic geochemistry X-ray diffraction, pore permeability, high pressure mercury injection, low temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption, thin slice observation and scanning electron microscope, etc.Mineral composition and reservoir properties were studied.Combined with natural evolution profile and thermal simulation experiments, the pore evolution characteristics and controlling factors are analyzed, and the diagenetic characteristics and evolution rules of fine grain sedimentary reservoir are studied by using fractal theory and method, and favorable areas for oil and gas exploration are selected.The results show that the salinity of Neogene in the northwestern part of Chaihai has a good variation law in vertical and horizontal direction. The salinity of the early sedimentary system is lower than that of the late sedimentary system, and the salinity of the sedimentary center is higher on the plane.The migration of climate and sedimentary center controls the salinity of sedimentary water and the lithologic characteristics of sediment.The carbonate and mixed rocks in the Neogene fine grained sedimentary rocks in the study area increase with the formation age, and the thickness increases in the sedimentary center of the lake basin, but the porosity and permeability decrease.The pore structure of fine-grained sedimentary rock is complex and heterogeneity is strong. The mercury injection curve shows three types: front peak type (larger than 100nm pore development, post-peak type (less than 100nm pore dominance) and multi-peak type.The mesoporous rocks of the Shangganchaigou formation have obvious mesoporous advantages and the pore heterogeneity is weak, while the macropores and mesoporous pores of the fine sedimentary rocks of the Upper Yeshaishan formation and the Lower Yeshaishan formation are developed, the pore structure is complex and the heterogeneity is strong.The early cementation and compaction of Neogene fine grained sedimentary rocks in the early diagenesis stage resulted in smaller pore volume and larger pore size in this stage, and the dissolution of organic acids in the middle diagenetic stage was obvious.The cementation of salt materials can resist the process of compaction, so the pore volume increases and the average pore size increases. At the stage of late diagenesis, the compaction tends to weaken, but the cementation of salt minerals is still obvious.The fine grained sedimentary rocks with high organic matter content show the advantage of developing more organic pores.The salinity, mineral composition, organic carbon content and thermal maturity of fine-grained sedimentary rocks are the main factors controlling pore development. The T0C content is positively related to mesoporous volume, carbonate mineral content and specific surface area, macropore volume, mesoporous volume, mesoporous volume, carbonate mineral content and specific surface area, macropore volume and mesoporous volume.There was a positive correlation between clay mineral and specific surface area, mesoporous volume and micropore volume, and a negative correlation between micropore volume and macropore volume. Salinity was the most important factor to control pore distribution.The micropores in low-high salinity fine-grained sedimentary rocks are more complex, while those in ultra-high salinity fine-grained sedimentary rocks are relatively simple.According to the spatial distribution of Neogene fine sedimentary rocks, the content of T0C in salinity, maturity and reservoir physical characteristics, the Ganchaigou-Youquanzi-Nanyishan area is selected as the favorable oil and gas enrichment area for the fine sedimentary rocks of Shangganchaigou formation.The areas to the west of Youquanzi Nanyishan Katermirik and Gengshan are favorable areas for oil and gas enrichment of fine sedimentary rocks of Lower Yeshan formation.The Nanyishan-Katermirik area and the area west of Gengshan are favorable areas for oil and gas enrichment of fine sedimentary rocks of the Upper Yeshan formation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P618.13

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