本文選題：疊層成像 + 相干衍射成像　； 參考：《西安電子科技大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：疊層成像是近十年來新興的一種計算成像技術(shù)。該方法通過相位恢復(fù)迭代算法,尋找樣本在重疊掃描模式下,滿足多幅遠(yuǎn)場衍射強(qiáng)度圖像約束的唯一復(fù)數(shù)解。該成像技術(shù)的分辨率不受光學(xué)聚焦器件的限制,可突破系統(tǒng)衍射極限,獲得超高分辨率成像。在一些需要從相位分量缺失的強(qiáng)度圖像中恢復(fù)重建光波衍射信息的高分辨率和三維成像領(lǐng)域,疊層成像具有天然的優(yōu)勢和潛在的應(yīng)用前景。本文圍繞疊層成像的成像機(jī)理,以及它在相干衍射成像、一般光學(xué)成像及計算全息中的應(yīng)用,展開了深入的研究,并對疊層成像的缺陷和不足提出了相應(yīng)的解決方法。本文的主要內(nèi)容如下：1)簡要描述疊層成像的理論背景。首先,基于光波的標(biāo)量衍射理論和傅里葉光學(xué)理論,對光波衍射現(xiàn)象,透鏡的傅里葉變換作用及成像原理進(jìn)行數(shù)值計算,并分析衍射受限光學(xué)系統(tǒng)成像分辨率存在極限的原因。其次,介紹通過干涉獲取光波復(fù)振幅的全息術(shù),并用計算生成全息圖的光電再現(xiàn)實驗驗證衍射數(shù)值計算和全息成像理論的正確性。最后,介紹光相位非干涉獲取的概念和相位恢復(fù)算法的數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)——信號復(fù)原的反卷積濾波實現(xiàn)和迭代搜索實現(xiàn)理論,以及疊層成像所采用的迭代反卷積濾波器——增量維納濾波。2)研究相干衍射疊層成像技術(shù)。從相干衍射成像的基本原理出發(fā),詳細(xì)分析傳統(tǒng)相干衍射成像對樣本孤立性要求和解模糊的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理。之后,仿真模擬相干衍射疊層成像使用光探針樣本進(jìn)行重疊掃描,采集記錄多幅衍射強(qiáng)度圖樣,再通過迭代傅里葉變換和增量維納濾波實現(xiàn)樣本恢復(fù)重建的過程。定性解釋疊層成像通過重疊掃描消除傳統(tǒng)相干衍射成像的孤立樣本限制和解模糊的原理,并對其中一些關(guān)鍵參數(shù)對重建成像的影響做出數(shù)值分析。最后,對相干衍射疊層成像檢測運(yùn)動樣本的成像過程進(jìn)行建模仿真,研究表明,由于相干衍射疊層成像圖像記錄時間長,采集效率低下,運(yùn)動使重建像出現(xiàn)扭曲、模糊和噪聲,像質(zhì)與曝光積累時間內(nèi)的樣本運(yùn)動幅度成反比。提出并驗證了加入隨機(jī)相位調(diào)制板對光探針調(diào)制,可以改善由樣本運(yùn)動引起的重建像降質(zhì),提高相干衍射疊層成像應(yīng)對運(yùn)動目標(biāo)的能力,一定程度上解決其只能應(yīng)對靜止或低速目標(biāo)的問題。3)研究傅里葉疊層成像技術(shù)。首先,分析傅里葉疊層成像采用傾斜入射平面波照射樣本,使樣本頻譜與系統(tǒng)相干傳遞函數(shù)之間發(fā)生相對移動,從而實現(xiàn)頻譜域掃描,并獲得不同區(qū)域頻譜對應(yīng)樣本強(qiáng)度像,再通過相位恢復(fù)算法,從這些低分辨率強(qiáng)度圖像中重建完整樣本頻譜,進(jìn)而獲得高分辨率樣本圖像的原理。其次,通過對比傅里葉疊層成像和相干衍射疊層成像的異同,建立兩者間的聯(lián)系,證明傅里葉疊層成像同樣必須遵循重疊掃描約束條件。然后借助合成孔徑成像理論,定量分析傅里葉疊層成像對光學(xué)顯微鏡數(shù)值孔徑和分辨率的提高作用。最后,為提高采集和處理的效率及系統(tǒng)的魯棒性,提出相干多模態(tài)傅里葉疊層成像。利用光電調(diào)制器件調(diào)制相干光束提供相干多模態(tài)照明光照射樣本,使所采集強(qiáng)度圖像來自多個頻譜片段的混疊。之后采用混疊頻譜分離的相位恢復(fù)算法,從這些圖像中計算得到無混疊的樣本頻譜和高分辨率圖像。數(shù)值仿真和光電實驗證明了,該方法可以顯著地減少所需采集圖像數(shù)量,放松對疊層成像信息復(fù)用對于共存多模態(tài)的非相干性要求。4)研究疊層成像在集成-全息技術(shù)中的應(yīng)用。首先根據(jù)數(shù)字全息原理,計算生成三維場景的傅里葉全息圖并進(jìn)行數(shù)值重建與分析。其次,介紹非相干光照明下的集成成像技術(shù),針對集成成像與全息相結(jié)合而產(chǎn)生的集成-全息技術(shù),仿真實現(xiàn)集成成像單元圖像獲取、多視點投影圖像生成、全息圖計算生成和重建的全過程。研究表明現(xiàn)有集成-全息技術(shù)對光波場采樣稀疏、得到全息圖尺寸小、再現(xiàn)像分辨率低且出現(xiàn)視角串?dāng)_。然后,推導(dǎo)了多視點投影圖像和傅里葉全息圖之間的相關(guān)性,說明投影圖像正是傅里葉全息圖經(jīng)過切割后的子全息圖再現(xiàn)像的強(qiáng)度圖像,并推導(dǎo)了投影角度和對應(yīng)子全息圖選取位置之間的關(guān)系。最后,提出了通過相位恢復(fù)算法和子全息圖重疊約束條件,從集成成像合成的多視點投影強(qiáng)度圖像中重建傅里葉衍射場的計算全息方法,稱之為傅里葉疊層集成全息。數(shù)值重建和光電再現(xiàn)實驗都證明了該方法能夠克服傳統(tǒng)集成-全息的缺陷,獲得高分辨率的三維全息再現(xiàn)像。
[Abstract]:Stack imaging is nearly ten years, a new calculation method of the imaging technique. The phase retrieval algorithm, find the sample in the overlapping scan mode, meet the amplitude of far-field diffraction intensity image constraint solution. The only complex imaging resolution by optical focusing device limitations, can break the diffraction limit system get, ultra high resolution imaging. High resolution and 3D imaging reconstruction field diffraction intensity image information from the phase component missing in some need, laminated imaging has a natural advantage and potential application prospect. This paper focuses on the imaging mechanism of laminated imaging, and its application in coherent diffraction imaging, optical imaging and in CGH, in-depth research, and the corresponding solutions to the defects and shortcomings of laminated imaging is proposed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1) a brief description The theoretical background of laminated imaging. Firstly, the light of the scalar diffraction theory and Fourier optics based on the theory of light wave diffraction, numerical calculation and Fourier transform imaging principle of the lens, and the existence of the limit analysis of imaging resolution of diffraction limited optical system from the original. Secondly, through the introduction of the interferometric holography and the complex amplitude of light wave. With the correctness of the numerical calculation and experimental verification of optoelectronic reconstruction diffraction holography theory calculation hologram generation. Finally, the deconvolution filtering optical phase retrieval algorithm and the concept of non phase interference and obtaining the mathematical basis of signal restoration and the realization of the iterative search theory, and iterative deconvolution filter laminated by imaging - increment Wiener filter.2) of coherent diffraction stack imaging technology. Starting from the basic principle of coherent diffraction imaging, a detailed analysis of the traditional phase Dry samples isolated on diffraction imaging requirements for reconciliation mechanism of fuzzy. After the simulation of coherent diffraction imaging using laminated optical probe samples overlap scanning, acquisition and recording of multiple diffraction intensity pattern, and then through the iterative Fu Liye transform and incremental Wiener filter to achieve the process of the restoration and reconstruction. A qualitative explanation of the isolated samples laminated by imaging overlap scanning eliminates traditional coherent diffraction imaging limit principle and fuzzy, and the influence of some key parameters on the reconstruction of numerical analysis. Finally, according to the research on Modeling and simulation, the coherent diffraction imaging process of laminated imaging detection motion samples, due to coherent diffraction stack imaging record for a long time, collection efficiency low movement of the reconstructed image distortion, blur and noise like sample motion amplitude and exposure time of the matter is put forward and inversely. Verify the addition on the optical probe modulation random phase modulation plate, can improve the reconstruction caused by sample motion like the lower quality, improve the ability of coherent diffraction stack motion imaging on the target, to a certain extent to solve it can only deal with static or low speed target.3) of Fu Li leaf stack imaging technique. First, Fourier analysis of stack the oblique incident plane wave imaging layer irradiated samples, the sample spectrum and system causes relative movement between the coherent transfer function, so as to realize the spectral scanning, and obtain corresponding samples in different regions of the spectrum intensity image, and then through the phase retrieval algorithm, the reconstruction of complete sample spectrum from these low resolution images and then obtain the strength, the principle of high resolution images. Secondly, through the comparison of Fourier stack imaging and coherent diffraction imaging of the similarities and differences between layers, establish the connection between proof, Fourier laminated into Like the same must follow the constraints. Then by means of overlapping scanning synthetic aperture imaging theory, quantitative analysis to improve the effect of Fourier laminated imaging of numerical aperture and resolution optical microscope. Finally, in order to improve the efficiency and robustness of the system of acquisition and processing of the proposed coherent multimodal Fourier stack imaging. Coherent beam provides coherent multimodal lighting light irradiation samples using optical modulation, the intensity of collecting images from multiple fragments of spectrum aliasing. The phase spectrum aliasing separation recovery algorithm from these images obtained without sample aliasing and high resolution image. The numerical simulation and experiments show that the photoelectric, this method can significantly reduce the required number of image acquisition, relax on the stack for the coexistence of multi modality imaging information multiplexing non coherence requirement.4) of laminated imaging in integration The application of holographic technology. According to the calculation principle of digital holography, Fu Liye hologram and 3D scene reconstruction and numerical analysis. Secondly, the non coherent integrated light imaging technology, integrated technology for integrated hologram and holographic imaging that combines the simulation of integrated imaging unit multi image acquisition. View projection image generation, the whole process of the generation and reconstruction of CGH. Research shows that the existing integration - holographic technology of light field sampling sparse hologram to be small in size, low resolution of reconstructed image and crosstalk. Then, deduced the correlation between multi view projection image and Fu Liye hologram, that is image projection Fu Liye hologram after cutting the sub hologram intensity image, and deduced the projection angle and the corresponding sub hologram selects the position relationship between. Finally, put forward by phase retrieval algorithm and sub hologram overlap constraint, reconstruction method of computing holography Fourier diffraction field intensity projection image from multi view imaging integrated synthesis, called Fourier stacked integrated holographic reconstruction and optoelectronic reconstruction. Numerical experiments show that this method can overcome the shortcomings of traditional holographic integration to obtain high resolution, three-dimensional holographic reconstructed image.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：O436.1

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