本文選題：青海湖　切入點(diǎn)：沉積體系　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：形成于中新世的青海湖是中國內(nèi)陸最大的斷陷型咸化湖泊。這里發(fā)育了多種類型的陸源碎屑沉積,為我國東部第三紀(jì)陸相斷陷湖盆的古今對比提供了理想場所。在20世紀(jì)60至70年代,前人對青海湖展開了多學(xué)科的綜合研究。自此以后,對青海湖現(xiàn)代沉積的研究多集中在單一的沉積相上,缺乏系統(tǒng)的研究。本文以野外露頭、探槽、水深測量、遙感影像資料和氣象資料為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合顯微薄片、掃描電鏡、粒度分析及地化測試分析等手段,開展了青海湖現(xiàn)代沉積體系的研究工作。通過引入“源-匯”體系的研究思路,以每個“點(diǎn)”上的沉積相分析為基礎(chǔ),建立了6個從物源區(qū)到沉積區(qū)“線”上的“源-匯”沉積體系和湖泊沉積體系,從而深入剖析了青海湖現(xiàn)代沉積體系“面”上的特征,并編制出新的青海湖現(xiàn)代沉積體系平面圖。本次研究在沉積相類型和形成機(jī)制方面取得了一些新認(rèn)識:提出分割青海湖和耳海的第Ⅲ道湖堤是湖平面下降和波浪及沿岸流共同作用而形成;湖灘巖的形成與微生物作用有著密切的關(guān)系;發(fā)現(xiàn)布哈河三角洲發(fā)育前緣斜坡;原先的沙柳河扇三角洲是由沖積扇、扇三角洲和曲流河三角洲組成;發(fā)現(xiàn)哈爾蓋河和甘子河河口區(qū)發(fā)育有障壁島-瀉湖-三角洲、喇叭狀河口和障壁島-水道-瀉湖。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),青海湖現(xiàn)代沉積體系的形成與分布,除了受“源-匯”體系控制,還與風(fēng)向和風(fēng)力有關(guān),進(jìn)而提出了青海湖現(xiàn)代沉積體系是“風(fēng)(風(fēng)場)-源(物源)-湖(湖盆地貌/盆地演化)”系統(tǒng)綜合作用下的產(chǎn)物。具體包括物源區(qū)的巖性特征、地形地貌、水系、植被類型和覆蓋度、風(fēng)場、波浪、湖流和湖平面的升降,并建立了兩大沉積模式:強(qiáng)物源背風(fēng)體系模式和弱物源迎風(fēng)體系模式。強(qiáng)物源背風(fēng)體系是由沖積扇、扇三角洲、河流、三角洲等組成。弱物源迎風(fēng)體系是由風(fēng)成沙丘、障壁島、水道、瀉湖、喇叭狀河口等組成。兩大模式體系的建立為古代陸相斷陷湖盆中砂體分布預(yù)測提供了新的思路。湖盆半深湖-深湖區(qū)的細(xì)粒沉積物能夠成為潛在的烴源巖。強(qiáng)物源背風(fēng)體系中的三角洲前緣和扇三角洲前緣與弱物源背風(fēng)體系中的障壁島和風(fēng)成沙丘均為潛在的優(yōu)質(zhì)儲集體。
[Abstract]:Qinghai Lake formed in Miocene is the largest faulted lake in inland China.There are many types of continental clastic deposits, which provide an ideal place for the Paleo-modern correlation of Tertiary continental faulted lacustrine basins in eastern China.In the 1960 s-70 s, the predecessors carried out a multi-disciplinary comprehensive study of Qinghai Lake.Since then, researches on modern sediments in Qinghai Lake have been concentrated on single sedimentary facies, and lack of systematic research.Based on field outcrop, trench, bathymetry, remote sensing image data and meteorological data, combined with microslice, scanning electron microscope, particle size analysis and geochemistry analysis, the modern sedimentary system of Qinghai Lake has been studied in this paper.By introducing the idea of "source-sink" system, based on the analysis of sedimentary facies on each "point", six "source-sink" sedimentary systems and lacustrine sedimentary systems from provenance to sedimentary "line" are established.The characteristics of the "surface" of the modern sedimentary system of Qinghai Lake are deeply analyzed, and a new plan of the modern sedimentary system of Qinghai Lake is worked out.In this study, some new understandings on sedimentary facies types and formation mechanism have been obtained: it is proposed that the third lake embankment separating Qinghai Lake from Erhai Lake is formed by the combination of lake plane descent and wave and coastal currents;The formation of lacustrine rocks is closely related to the microorganism, and it is found that the front slope of Buha River delta is developed, and the former Shaliu River fan delta is composed of alluvial fan, fan delta and meandering river delta.It is found that there are barrier islands, lagoon deltas, loudspeaker estuaries, barrier islands, waterways and lagoons in the estuaries of Hargai and Ganzi rivers.It is found that the formation and distribution of modern sedimentary systems in Qinghai Lake are not only controlled by the "source-sink" system, but also related to wind direction and wind power.Furthermore, it is suggested that the modern sedimentary system of Qinghai Lake is the result of the integrated action of the "wind (wind field)-source (material source-lake (lake basin geomorphology / basin evolution)" system.The characteristics of lithology, landform, water system, vegetation type and coverage, wind field, wave, lake current and lake plane rise and fall are included in this paper, and two sedimentary models are established: strong material source leeward system model and weak material source upwind system model.The strong material source leeward system is composed of alluvial fan, fan delta, river, delta and so on.The weak source upwind system is composed of wind-formed sand dunes, barrier islands, waterways, lagoons and trumpet estuaries.The establishment of the two model systems provides a new idea for the prediction of sand body distribution in the ancient continental faulted lake basin.Fine-grained sediments in the semi-deep lake-deep lake region of the lake basin can become potential source rocks.The barrier islands and wind-formed dunes in the strong source leeward system and the fan delta front system and the weak material source leeward system are both potential high quality reservoirs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P618.13;P512.2

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