本文選題：表面等離激元　切入點(diǎn)：定向激發(fā)　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：表面等離激元(Surface Plasmon Polaritons,SPP)是金屬表面自由電子與外部電磁場相互作用形成的一種表面電磁模式。由于SPP具有局部場增強(qiáng)效應(yīng),并能將激發(fā)的電磁場能量局域在突破衍射極限的亞波長尺度內(nèi),因而它在生物、化學(xué)傳感,光伏設(shè)備,光刻,集成光學(xué)元器件以及非線性光學(xué)等領(lǐng)域具有重要的應(yīng)用前景。在微納米尺度下實(shí)現(xiàn)SPP的可控激發(fā)對SPP的各類應(yīng)用具有非常重要的意義。另外,利用等離激元透鏡對SPP進(jìn)行聚焦可產(chǎn)生等離激元渦旋場和實(shí)現(xiàn)亞波長局域等,在光鑷、光刻和針尖增強(qiáng)拉曼光譜技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域具有重要的應(yīng)用。本論文主要研究基于納米天線陣列的SPP可調(diào)定向激發(fā),等離激元渦旋場的激發(fā)和SPP的中心對稱聚焦,并提出一種新穎的微型化光波偏振態(tài)檢測方案。設(shè)計(jì)了刻蝕在金薄膜上的V型納米天線陣列,理論研究和數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果表明該陣列可用于SPP的可調(diào)定向激發(fā)。設(shè)計(jì)的V型納米天線存在兩種對稱性相反的共振模式,它們激發(fā)的SPP分別具有對稱和反對稱的場分布。任意偏振態(tài)入射時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)?x方向激發(fā)的SPP為具有這兩種對稱性的SPP相互干涉疊加的結(jié)果,因此?x方向激發(fā)的SPP隨入射光偏振態(tài)改變而變化。在圓偏振光和橢圓偏振光入射下還實(shí)現(xiàn)了?x方向SPP的單向激發(fā)。進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),還實(shí)現(xiàn)了線偏振光入射下SPP的可調(diào)定向激發(fā)和單向激發(fā)�；诳涛g在金膜上按阿基米德螺旋線排列的納米狹縫構(gòu)造了等離激元透鏡,理論分析和數(shù)值研究了它在線偏振光入射下產(chǎn)生等離激元渦旋場的特性。研究結(jié)果表明,該等離激元透鏡在特定偏振方向的線偏振光入射下,沿不同方位角激發(fā)的SPP具有相同的振幅但相位隨方位角變化。這些SPP傳播到等離激元透鏡中心時(shí)相互干涉,形成光強(qiáng)中心對稱分布相位隨方位角變化的等離激元渦旋場。等離激元渦旋場的階數(shù)為n?1,其中n為等離激元透鏡內(nèi)側(cè)阿基米德螺旋線最大和最小半徑之差與SPP波長的比值,+1或-1由線偏振入射光偏振方向和等離激元透鏡中納米狹縫的取向決定。此外,將等離激元透鏡中的阿基米德螺旋線分段,在等離激元透鏡具有較小尺寸的情況下,可以產(chǎn)生高階的等離激元渦旋場,其階數(shù)為m?n?1,其中m為阿基米德螺旋線的段數(shù)。提出以矩形孔為基本單元,按阿基米德螺旋線排列而成的等離激元透鏡,研究它在不同偏振光入射下的SPP聚焦特性。理論和數(shù)值研究結(jié)果表明該等離激元透鏡能在任意偏振光入射下實(shí)現(xiàn)SPP的中心對稱聚焦,其內(nèi)部的場分布始終為零階貝塞爾函數(shù)分布。數(shù)值模擬得到的焦斑的尺寸約為0.35個(gè)波長。當(dāng)線偏振光入射時(shí),等離激元透鏡內(nèi)的光強(qiáng)分布與線偏振態(tài)的偏振方向無關(guān)。當(dāng)橢圓偏振光入射時(shí),等離激元透鏡內(nèi)的光強(qiáng)分布與橢圓偏振態(tài)的傾角無關(guān),但會(huì)隨橢圓偏振態(tài)的橢圓度改變而變化。特別的,當(dāng)入射光為右旋圓偏振光時(shí)焦點(diǎn)處的光強(qiáng)達(dá)到最大值,是線偏振光入射時(shí)的兩倍;當(dāng)入射光為左旋圓偏振光時(shí)焦點(diǎn)處的光強(qiáng)達(dá)到最小值幾乎為零。研究了兩個(gè)納米狹縫排列的等離激元透鏡的SPP聚焦特性,并基于這兩個(gè)等離激元透鏡提出了一種新穎的微型化檢測入射光偏振態(tài)的方案。理論和數(shù)值研究發(fā)現(xiàn),這兩個(gè)等離激元透鏡在任意偏振態(tài)入射時(shí)均能將激發(fā)的SPP中心對稱的聚焦到它們的中心,形成零階貝塞爾函數(shù)場分布。其次,它們內(nèi)部光強(qiáng)分布的振幅與入射光偏振態(tài)相關(guān)。利用這一特性,可只通過測量這兩個(gè)等離激元透鏡內(nèi)的四個(gè)光強(qiáng)值,實(shí)現(xiàn)入射光全部斯托克斯參量的檢測即偏振態(tài)的檢測,而每個(gè)等離激元透鏡的尺寸只有大約6μm。
[Abstract]:The surface plasmon (Surface Plasmon, Polaritons, SPP) is a kind of surface electromagnetic modes of metal surface free electrons and external electromagnetic fields interact to form. Because SPP has the local field enhancement effect, and can be electromagnetic energy localized excitation in Ya Bo long scale beyond the diffraction limit, so it in biological, chemical sensing. Photovoltaic devices, lithography, has important application prospect of integrated optical components and nonlinear optics and other fields. The realization of SPP control in the micro nano scale has a very important significance to inspire all kinds of application of SPP. In addition, the use of plasmonic lens for SPP focusing can produce plasmon subwavelength and vortex field local, in optical tweezers, lithography and tip enhanced has important applications of Raman spectroscopy technology. This paper mainly studies the nano antenna array SPP based on tunable directional excitation, etc The center of symmetry focusing polariton vortex field excitation and SPP, and proposes a novel miniaturized polarization detection scheme. The V type nano antenna array in etching a thin gold film on the design, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results show that the array can be used for SPP adjustable directional excitation. There are two kinds of symmetry on the contrary the resonance mode of the V type nano antenna design, they excited SPP respectively with symmetric and antisymmetric field distribution. The incident polarization direction of the excitation structure? X SPP with the two symmetry SPP interference superposition results, therefore? X direction excitation of SPP varies with the incident light the polarization change in circularly polarized light and elliptically polarized light incident is also realized? One-way X direction of SPP excitation. And further optimize the structure parameters, also achieved a linearly polarized light SPP tunable directional excitation and unidirectional excitation based on etching. In the gold film by nano slit Archimedes helix arrangement structure plasmonic lens, theoretical analysis and Numerical Study on the polarization of the incident light under its online from the properties of polaritons vortices. The results show that the plasmonic lens in specific polarization direction line polarized light incident, along different azimuth excited SPP has the same amplitude but the phase variation with azimuth. These SPP spread to the plasmonic lens at the center of the mutual interference of the formation of isocandela center symmetric distribution phase variation with azimuth plasmonic vortices. The order of polariton vortices is 1, the ratio of N? Where n is the biggest plasmonic lens inside the Archimedes spiral line and the minimum radius difference with the wavelength of SPP, +1 or -1 by linear polarization and the polarization direction of the incident light from the orientation of nano slit polaritons in the lens. In addition, the plasmonic lens in the Archimedes spiral line segments in the plasmonic lens with the small size of the case, can produce high order plasmon vortex field and its order is m? N? 1, where m is the number of Archimedes spiral line. The rectangular hole as the basic unit, the plasmonic lens etc. and according to the Archimedes spiral arrangement, study it under different polarization of the incident light SPP focusing characteristics. Theoretical and numerical results show that the plasmonic lens can achieve symmetrical focusing SPP in arbitrary polarized incident field, its internal distribution is always zero order Bessel function distribution. Numerical simulation of the focal spot the size is about 0.35 wavelengths. When linearly polarized light incident from the polarization direction of light intensity distribution in the lens and excitation linear polarization. When the elliptically polarized light incident angle from the light intensity distribution in the polariton lens and elliptical polarization Nothing, but will change with the ellipticity of the elliptical polarization state changes. In particular, when the incident light is right circularly polarized intensity at the focus reaches the maximum value is two times the line polarized light; when the incident light is left circularly polarized light intensity at the focus reaches the minimum value is almost nil. Two nano slit arranged plasmonic lens SPP focusing characteristics, and based on these two plasmonic lens presents a novel miniaturized detection of the polarization state of the incident light scheme. Theoretical and numerical study found that the two plasmonic lens in arbitrary polarization state of the incident were can SPP will focus on the central symmetry excited by their center, the formation of zero order Bessel function distribution. Secondly, their internal intensity distribution of amplitude and polarization state of incident light. Using this characteristic, only by measuring the two plasmon lens in the Four light intensity values, the detection of all the Stokes parameters of the incident light, that is, the detection of the polarization state, and the size of each lensing lens is only about 6 m.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：O485;TN820.15

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