本文關(guān)鍵詞： 泉水 鹽湖 微咸水湖 積鹽時間 數(shù)值模擬 阿拉善　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：巴丹吉林沙漠是我國第二大沙漠,具有高大沙山和眾多湖泊并存的著名景觀。其內(nèi)的湖泊均為地下水補給型湖泊,且多數(shù)為鹽湖和咸水湖,只有少數(shù)是微咸水湖。地下水以多種方式影響巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊的水均衡狀態(tài)和鹽分特征。本文重點研究了地下水向湖泊排泄的方式,以及地下水對封閉鹽湖、半封閉微咸水湖水鹽動態(tài)的影響,并通過數(shù)值模擬方法研究湖泊群匯水范圍的空間展布特征。在湖泊周邊和湖底,地下水可以通過泉的方式集中進行排泄。泉的類型包括4種:溝流型下降泉、滲流型下降泉、島狀上升泉和湖底泉。其中,淺部和深部湖底泉在蘇木吉林湖泊洼地都已經(jīng)觀測到。本文建立了地下水補給型湖泊的通用水均衡動態(tài)和鹽分變化模型,并在蘇木吉林南湖這樣的封閉鹽湖和巴丹東湖這樣的半封閉微咸水湖進行了應(yīng)用分析。簡化的封閉鹽湖水均衡模型可以重現(xiàn)湖泊水位的季節(jié)性變化,表明地下水向沙漠湖泊的補給十分穩(wěn)定,保證了受強烈蒸發(fā)影響的湖泊只有不到0.3 m的季節(jié)性水位變幅。蘇木吉林、呼和吉林等封閉鹽湖的積鹽時間為800年至7000年,指示鹽湖一般經(jīng)歷了數(shù)千年的形成演變歷史。半封閉微咸水湖的形成與季節(jié)性地表排水通道的存在有關(guān),只要湖泊與下游洼地之間的地貌分水嶺相對高度低于湖水位季節(jié)性變幅的1/2即可發(fā)生,使得溢流期帶走的鹽量與封閉期增加的鹽量平衡。采用簡化的水鹽均衡模型,證明半封閉湖泊的動態(tài)平衡點與凈蒸發(fā)耗水占地下水對湖泊補給量的比例成非線性關(guān)系。模型計算出巴丹東湖的總?cè)芙庑怨腆w(TDS)年平均值為1.67 g/L,與觀測結(jié)果1.64 g/L非常接近,說明模型是可靠的。采用MODFLOW三維有限差分建模,對巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊群三維地下水流場進行了數(shù)值模擬。在此基礎(chǔ)上劃分了湖泊匯水范圍,并討論了湖與湖之間匯水范圍的相互影響。湖泊群對區(qū)域地下水產(chǎn)生向心流的作用。淺層地下水的分水線呈U字形的包圍單個湖泊,并與上游湖泊U字形分水線組成匯水范圍,可形成廊道型匯水帶。在剖面上,存在分隔淺層地下水和深層地下水的分水線。向湖泊匯水的流線簇具有三維疊置結(jié)構(gòu),下游湖泊的流線簇存在多個分支。匯水范圍控制了湖泊接受地下水的水量來源,并因此而間接控制了湖泊對淺層地下水和深層地下水鹽分的輸入比例。
[Abstract]:The Badain Jilin Desert is the second largest desert in China, with a famous landscape of high sand mountains and numerous lakes. The lakes in the desert are all groundwater recharge lakes, most of which are salt lakes and saltwater lakes. Only a few are brackish lakes. Groundwater affects the water balance and salt characteristics of Badain Jilin desert lake in many ways. This paper mainly studies the way of groundwater discharging into lake and the effect of groundwater on confined salt lake. The effects of salt and water dynamics in semi-enclosed brackish lakes, and the spatial distribution characteristics of the catchment range of lakes are studied by means of numerical simulation. Groundwater can be discharged centrally by way of springs. The types of springs include four types: trench type descending springs, percolation type descending springs, island rising springs and lake bottom springs. Both shallow and deep lake bottom springs have been observed in the Jiangsu and Jilin lake depressions. In this paper, a general model of water equilibrium and salt variation of groundwater recharge lakes is established. The application analysis is carried out in the closed salt lakes such as the South Lake of Jiangsu Province and the semi-enclosed brackish lakes such as Badandong Lake. The simplified model of the water balance of the closed salt lakes can reproduce the seasonal variation of the lake water level. The results show that the recharge of groundwater to desert lakes is very stable, which ensures that the seasonal water level of lakes affected by strong evaporation is less than 0.3 m. The salt accumulation time of closed salt lakes such as Jiangsu, Huhe and Jilin is 800 years to 7000. The formation of semi-enclosed brackish lakes is related to the existence of seasonal surface drainage channels. As long as the relative height of the geomorphic watershed between the lake and the lower depressions is lower than 1/2 of the seasonal variation of the lake water level, the amount of salt carried away during the overflow period is balanced with the increased salt amount in the closed period. A simplified water-salt equilibrium model is adopted. It is proved that the dynamic equilibrium point of semi-enclosed lake is nonlinear to the proportion of net evaporation water consumption to the recharge of groundwater to the lake. The model calculates that the annual average value of total dissolved solid state TDSs in Badandong Lake is 1.67 g / L, which is very close to the observed result of 1.64 g / L. It is proved that the model is reliable. The 3D groundwater flow field of the Badain Jilin Desert Lake Group is numerically simulated by using MODFLOW 3D finite difference model. On this basis, the catchment range of the lake is divided. The interaction between lake and lake catchment range is discussed. The effect of lake group on regional groundwater flow is discussed. The shallow groundwater is surrounded by U shape and forms a catchment range with upstream lake U zigzag line. In the section, there is a waterline separating shallow groundwater from deep groundwater. The streamlines of catchment to lakes have three dimensional superposition structure. There are many branches in the streamline cluster of the downstream lakes, and the catchment range controls the source of the water quantity accepted by the lake, and thus indirectly controls the input ratio of the lake to the salt content of the shallow groundwater and the deep groundwater.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P641;P343

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