本文關(guān)鍵詞： Diviner 熱紅外 月表亮度 發(fā)射率 尺度效應(yīng) 礦物含量 元素含量　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：反射光譜已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用于月表成分研究,而且月球在軌衛(wèi)星也主要以紫外、可見光和近紅外波段觀測方式為主。但基于反射光譜的礦物識別和成分反演能力卻受到月球環(huán)境的嚴(yán)重影響,主要存在反射率降低、光譜對比度減弱和光譜特征不明顯等問題。因此,反射光譜的礦物識別和成分反演能力通常僅限于月壤成熟度較低的地區(qū)(約5%的月球表面)。與反射光譜比較,發(fā)射光譜不僅對于硅酸鹽礦物更加敏感,對于月表物質(zhì)的熱物理特性(包括熱慣性、粒度、密度和巖石豐度等)和月球表面粗糙度(地形因素)同樣十分敏感。同時,硅酸鹽礦物發(fā)射光譜特征受到月球環(huán)境的影響較小,為我們提供了一條新的了解月表成分和物理特性的途徑。月球紅外遙感研究主要包括地基望遠(yuǎn)鏡、月表著陸、實驗室測量和在軌衛(wèi)星測量等方面。其中,實驗室月壤樣品發(fā)射率光譜特征研究和月表發(fā)射率反演是兩個最主要的內(nèi)容。在月球發(fā)射率光譜特征和地球發(fā)射率反演方法的基礎(chǔ)上,以黑體輻射定律和輻射傳輸方程為理論基礎(chǔ),熱紅外遙感為探測手段,LRO Diviner熱紅外數(shù)據(jù)為研究對象,開展了月表發(fā)射率反演及其尺度效應(yīng)研究。物質(zhì)的發(fā)射率是建立在基于均勻等溫表面的基礎(chǔ)上。然而,空間觀測的表面通常是非均勻的,遙感表面溫度只能從理想等溫表面中的熱平衡中獲取。為了建立不同溫度的物質(zhì)作為一個像元的輻射量與相同溫度黑體貢獻(xiàn)輻射量間的關(guān)系,相繼提出了不同的像元發(fā)射率。其中,只有視在發(fā)射率明確了像元發(fā)射率的尺度效應(yīng)。月球樣品發(fā)射率光譜特征作為判斷月表巖石和礦物成分的指示性信息,主要包括CF和RB兩個光譜特征。本文通過設(shè)計實驗,在大氣、氮氣冷背景和真空環(huán)境下利用三種發(fā)射率測量方法進(jìn)行了模擬月壤測量實驗,獲得了發(fā)射率光譜,結(jié)合已有Apollo樣品熱紅外波段反射率光譜,分析了成熟度、礦物成分、化學(xué)成分、粒徑和樣品溫度對發(fā)射率光譜特征的影響,確定了發(fā)射率光譜CF特征可作為月表礦物成分和化學(xué)成分反演的依據(jù)。以2012年1-6月Diviner通道3至9月表赤道附近亮溫數(shù)據(jù)為研究對象,制作通道亮溫誤差棒圖,分析Diviner數(shù)據(jù)穩(wěn)定性。針對Diviner白天和夜晚紅外數(shù)據(jù)的分布規(guī)律,以及數(shù)據(jù)中少量的“壞點”或者“壞線”問題,提出了Diviner數(shù)據(jù)處理方法,包括亮溫數(shù)值擬合、奇異點剔除、分時段擬合和緯向校正等。通過應(yīng)用這些數(shù)據(jù)處理方法于Diviner通道6的亮溫數(shù)據(jù)中,獲得了高空間分辨率、全覆蓋度的月表亮溫分布圖,并利用時段亮溫值、DEM和CCD數(shù)據(jù)評價了亮溫分布,驗證了Diviner紅外數(shù)據(jù)處理方法的可行性和可靠性。以發(fā)射率反演算法中的發(fā)射率歸一化法為基礎(chǔ),提出了月表發(fā)射率的反演算法。通過二次擬合3個通道亮溫值求得像元最大亮溫值代替像元實際溫度值,利用月球輻射傳輸方程反演像元通道發(fā)射率值。利用反射率反演算法和Diviner的8μm通道亮溫數(shù)據(jù),反演了月表發(fā)射率,進(jìn)而再利用二次擬合3個通道發(fā)射率值獲得發(fā)射率光譜特征CF值。通過月球6-18點Apollo15登月點像元發(fā)射率反演值,分析像元發(fā)射率尺度效應(yīng),并發(fā)現(xiàn)了發(fā)射率的空間效應(yīng)。利用Diviner兩種空間分辨率的發(fā)射率反演值分析了發(fā)射率尺度效應(yīng)的分布規(guī)律。結(jié)合CF特征固有屬性和誤差理論,消除了CF值中的尺度效應(yīng)和空間效應(yīng),為月表成分反演提供可靠發(fā)射率數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)18種不同粒徑Apollo樣品發(fā)射率光譜特征與其成分含量間的相關(guān)性,建立了月表成分發(fā)射率反演模型。其中,CF值與鈦鐵礦、斜長石、易變輝石和富鎂單斜輝石四種礦物的相關(guān)性分別為0.5825、0.5352、0.4483和0.887,與Si O2、Ti O2、Al2O3、Cr2O3、Mg O、Ca O、Mn O、Fe O和SO2的相關(guān)性分別為0.5539、0.6404、0.5992、0.7834、0.6836、0.482、0.75、0.7097和0.5306。結(jié)合消除尺度效應(yīng)和空間效應(yīng)的CF值影像,反演了月表四種礦物和九種元素含量。利用Apollo15采樣點樣品成分含量驗證了反演精度。四種礦物反演值和實測值的均方差誤差分別為0.33、15.35、5.28和1.58,七種元素含量(Si O2、Ti O2、Al2O3、Mg O、Ca O、Mn O和Fe O)反演值和實測值均方差誤差分別為2.25、0.92、2.63、2.80、1.56、0.05和2.34。結(jié)果表明,利用CF特征可反演月表礦物和元素含量,并且元素含量的反演精度要高于礦物含量的反演精度,為月表成分反演提供了一種新的方法。
[Abstract]:Reflectance spectroscopy has been widely used in the research of lunar satellite in orbit and lunar components, mainly to UV, mainly in visible light and near infrared observations. But mineral identification and component retrieval ability based on reflection spectrum is severely affected by the lunar environment, the main problems exist in lower reflectivity, spectral contrast weakened and spectral features are not obvious etc. Therefore, mineral identification and component retrieval ability of reflectance spectra is usually confined to the lower regolith maturity area (about 5% of the surface of the moon). Compared with the reflectance spectra, emission spectra not only for silicate minerals more sensitive for thermal physical properties of lunar material (including particle size, density and thermal inertia. Rock abundance) and the lunar surface roughness (topography) is also very sensitive. At the same time, silicate mineral emissivity spectral features affected by the lunar environment is small, as we provide A new understanding of the composition and physical properties of the lunar moon. Infrared remote sensing research including ground-based telescope, lunar landing, laboratory measurement and satellite measurement. The laboratory regolith sample emissivity spectral features of surface emissivity and inversion are two main contents. Based on lunar emissivity spectra the characteristics and the earth emissivity inversion method, the blackbody radiation law and the radiative transfer equation based on the theory of thermal infrared remote sensing detection method for LRO, Diviner thermal infrared data as the research object, the surface emissivity inversion and its scale effect. The emissivity substances are established based on the uniform and isothermal surface however, the surface is not uniform space observation, remote sensing surface temperature can only be obtained from the ideal isothermal surface in thermal equilibrium. In order to establish the material at different temperatures As a matter between blackbody radiation a pixel with the same temperature with the amount of radiation between, have proposed different pixel emission rate. Among them, only as the rate of clear pixel scale effect of emissivity at launch. Emissivity spectral features of lunar samples as the judgment information indicative of rock and mineral composition of the lunar surface, including CF and RB two spectral characteristics. In this paper, through the design of experiments in nitrogen atmosphere, cold background and vacuum environment using three kinds of simulated lunar soil measurement method for measurement of emissivity, the emissivity spectra obtained, combined with the existing Apollo sample thermal infrared reflectance spectroscopy, maturity, mineral composition, chemical composition analysis. Influence of particle size and sample temperature on the emissivity spectral features, the emissivity spectra of CF characteristics can be used as surface mineral composition and chemical composition of the inversion basis. In 2012 1-6 months Diviner Channel 3 to 9 lunar equator brightness temperature data as the research object, making the brightness temperature error of the chart, the stability analysis of Diviner data. According to the distribution law of Diviner day and night infrared data, and adopts a few "data" or "bad" problem, put forward the Diviner data processing methods, including brightness temperature value fitting, singular points elimination, piecewise fitting and zonal correction. By using these methods of data processing in Diviner brightness temperature data 6, to obtain the high spatial resolution, full coverage of the surface brightness temperature distribution maps, and using time brightness temperature values of DEM and CCD data to evaluate the brightness temperature distribution. To verify the feasibility and reliability of Diviner infrared data processing method. The emissivity normalized emissivity method inversion algorithm is based on the proposed inversion algorithm of lunar surface emissivity. By two fitting 3 brightness temperature value Have the maximum brightness temperature value of pixel pixel instead of the actual temperature value, the radiative transfer equation inversion pixel channel emissivity values. Using 8 M channel reflectance inversion algorithm and Diviner brightness temperature data, the inversion of lunar surface emissivity, and then use the two fitting 3 channel emissivity values obtained emissivity spectral features of CF value the moon. 6-18 Apollo15 lunar pixel emissivity inversion analysis of emissivity value, pixel scale effect, and found that the space effect of emissivity. Analyze the distribution of emission rate scale effect of the Diviner value by two kinds of spatial resolution emissivity inversion. The combination of CF features and inherent properties of error theory, eliminating the scale effect and spatial effect of CF value, to provide reliable data for surface emissivity inversion. According to the composition of 18 different particle size Apollo emission rate correlation spectral characteristics and its components in the building The lunar component emissivity inversion model. The CF value of plagioclase and ilmenite, correlation, pigeonite and magnesium rich clinopyroxene four minerals were 0.5825,0.5352,0.4483 and 0.887, Si and O2, Ti, O2, Al2O3, Cr2O3, Mg O, Ca O, Mn O, Fe O and SO2 related are 0.5539,0.6404,0.5992,0.7834,0.6836,0.482,0.75,0.7097 and 0.5306. combined with the elimination of the size effect and the space effect of the CF value of the lunar surface image, inversion four minerals and nine kinds of element content. Content of samples to verify the sampling accuracy by Apollo15. Four kinds of mineral value inversion error variance and the measured values were 0.33,15.35,5.28 and 1.58, the contents of seven elements (Si O2, Ti O2, Al2O3, Mg O, Ca O, Mn O and Fe O) inversion value and measured value of error variance that are respectively 2.25,0.92,2.63,2.80,1.56,0.05 and 2.34. results, the characteristics of lunar minerals and can be retrieved using the CF element Content, accuracy and precision of inversion inversion element content is higher than that of mineral content, provides a new method for the inversion of lunar components.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P184.5

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