本文關(guān)鍵詞： UTC 衛(wèi)星共視 連續(xù)比對(duì) 實(shí)時(shí) 時(shí)間復(fù)現(xiàn)　出處：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院(國(guó)家授時(shí)中心)》2016年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：國(guó)家授時(shí)中心承擔(dān)著我國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間的產(chǎn)生、保持和發(fā)播任務(wù)。近年來(lái),建立了與UTC同步的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間UTC(NTSC),2013年以來(lái),保持與UTC偏差小于10ns。研究實(shí)用技術(shù),采用多樣化手段將高性能的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間提供給各行業(yè)用戶(hù),服務(wù)我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是國(guó)家授時(shí)中心的核心任務(wù)之一。本文提出的UTC(NTSC)遠(yuǎn)程復(fù)現(xiàn)方法,彌補(bǔ)了目前授時(shí)體系中對(duì)1~5ns實(shí)時(shí)授時(shí)手段的缺失,并提供了一種2ns精度的實(shí)時(shí)授時(shí)方案。本文在研究現(xiàn)有的遠(yuǎn)程時(shí)間比對(duì)方法基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種適應(yīng)UTC(NTSC)遠(yuǎn)程復(fù)現(xiàn)的比對(duì)方法,解決了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衛(wèi)星共視方法測(cè)量存在間斷,且不能實(shí)時(shí)輸出比對(duì)結(jié)果的問(wèn)題,研究了改進(jìn)比對(duì)精度的方法,并在工程上實(shí)現(xiàn)了UTC(NTSC)遠(yuǎn)程復(fù)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)的用戶(hù)本地復(fù)現(xiàn)時(shí)間與UTC(NTSC)偏差小于5ns。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:(1)深入分析國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間遠(yuǎn)程復(fù)現(xiàn)的需求充分分析了目前授時(shí)手段的研究現(xiàn)狀,調(diào)研各行業(yè)對(duì)高精度時(shí)頻信號(hào)、時(shí)間溯源等方面的需求,結(jié)合我國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間產(chǎn)生和保持水平現(xiàn)狀,對(duì)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間遠(yuǎn)程復(fù)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行了深入分析,包括功能、性能和成本等。(2)研究了現(xiàn)有的遠(yuǎn)程時(shí)間比對(duì)技術(shù)通過(guò)對(duì)衛(wèi)星共視、PPP時(shí)間傳遞、衛(wèi)星全視法、衛(wèi)星雙向、光纖時(shí)間傳遞等時(shí)間比對(duì)技術(shù)的研究分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)有的方法存在幾方面問(wèn)題,一是通用衛(wèi)星共視法比對(duì)不連續(xù),觀(guān)測(cè)存在間隙;二是衛(wèi)星共視法、PPP時(shí)間傳遞、衛(wèi)星全視法等比對(duì)結(jié)果實(shí)時(shí)性較差,特別是PPP和全視法依賴(lài)事后精密軌道和鐘差數(shù)據(jù)處理;三是衛(wèi)星雙向、光纖傳遞等方法鏈路專(zhuān)用,成本較高,難以大范圍推廣應(yīng)用。(3)提出了UTC(NTSC)遠(yuǎn)程復(fù)現(xiàn)方法,并結(jié)合理論與試驗(yàn)研究提高復(fù)現(xiàn)精度基于衛(wèi)星共視思想,提出了一種適宜UTC(NTSC)遠(yuǎn)程復(fù)現(xiàn)的遠(yuǎn)程時(shí)間比對(duì)方法,設(shè)計(jì)了靈活的觀(guān)測(cè)周期,觀(guān)測(cè)與數(shù)據(jù)處理并行,無(wú)觀(guān)測(cè)間隙,保證持續(xù)不間斷的溯源比對(duì),解決了連續(xù)共視觀(guān)測(cè)的數(shù)據(jù)處理、誤差改正、不等精度數(shù)據(jù)融合等問(wèn)題;設(shè)計(jì)了數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)交換方法,解決了信息傳遞實(shí)時(shí)性要求帶來(lái)的通信可靠性、環(huán)境適應(yīng)性問(wèn)題;研究并解決了多衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)共用帶來(lái)的誤差校準(zhǔn)問(wèn)題;研究了利用實(shí)時(shí)比對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)駕馭頻率源,使其輸出與UTC(NTSC)保持同步,并兼顧穩(wěn)定度性能需求的控鐘策略。(4)工程上實(shí)現(xiàn)了UTC(NTSC)遠(yuǎn)程復(fù)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)的研制在對(duì)提出的UTC(NTSC)遠(yuǎn)程復(fù)現(xiàn)方法進(jìn)行充分理論研究基礎(chǔ)上,從工程應(yīng)用角度,進(jìn)一步對(duì)UTC(NTSC)遠(yuǎn)程復(fù)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)的可靠性、穩(wěn)定性、高度集成等要求進(jìn)行分析,工程實(shí)現(xiàn)了UTC(NTSC)遠(yuǎn)程復(fù)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng),建成了包括一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)分析處理中心、若干臺(tái)遠(yuǎn)程時(shí)間比對(duì)基準(zhǔn)終端、若干臺(tái)UTC(NTSC)遠(yuǎn)程復(fù)現(xiàn)終端、一臺(tái)時(shí)延校準(zhǔn)終端和一套遠(yuǎn)程數(shù)據(jù)傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)的系統(tǒng)。(5)對(duì)系統(tǒng)的性能進(jìn)行了充分測(cè)試開(kāi)展了多項(xiàng)針對(duì)性測(cè)試試驗(yàn),包括檢驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)測(cè)試不確定度的零基線(xiàn)、短基線(xiàn)和長(zhǎng)基線(xiàn)試驗(yàn)。各種基線(xiàn)長(zhǎng)度測(cè)試均優(yōu)于2ns的不確定度;將使用不同類(lèi)型原子鐘的復(fù)現(xiàn)終端安裝在用戶(hù)所在地,用衛(wèi)星雙向移動(dòng)校準(zhǔn)站作為獨(dú)立測(cè)試手段,檢驗(yàn)其復(fù)現(xiàn)UTC(NTSC)的性能,實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,使用銫原子鐘的復(fù)現(xiàn)終端,其復(fù)現(xiàn)頻率信號(hào)的天穩(wěn)定度為1.8e-14,頻率準(zhǔn)確度為1.99e-14;使用銣原子鐘的復(fù)現(xiàn)終端,復(fù)現(xiàn)頻率信號(hào)的天穩(wěn)定度為9.45e-14,頻率準(zhǔn)確度為1.36e-13。為研究并實(shí)現(xiàn)UTC(NTSC)復(fù)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng),本文的創(chuàng)新工作如下:(1)提出了一種遠(yuǎn)程復(fù)現(xiàn)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間的方法以國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間為參考,通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)程時(shí)間比對(duì)、鐘駕馭等手段,直接向全國(guó)甚至世界范圍內(nèi)各地用戶(hù)提供統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間信號(hào),并依托現(xiàn)有的國(guó)際比對(duì)鏈路,實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)信號(hào)向國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間UTC的溯源。為用戶(hù)提供了一種精度2ns,遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于衛(wèi)星授時(shí),成本與其相當(dāng),用戶(hù)數(shù)量不受限制的授時(shí)新方案。(2)提出了一種新的實(shí)時(shí)、連續(xù)的共視比對(duì)方法標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衛(wèi)星共視法一個(gè)觀(guān)測(cè)周期為16分鐘,其中13分鐘有觀(guān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),存在3分鐘觀(guān)測(cè)間隙,共視數(shù)據(jù)事后交換處理,因此比對(duì)結(jié)果生成嚴(yán)重滯后,不適宜用于要求實(shí)時(shí)性的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間復(fù)現(xiàn)需求。本文提出了一種新的實(shí)時(shí)共視比對(duì)方法,打破了固有觀(guān)測(cè)周期思路,設(shè)計(jì)了觀(guān)測(cè)周期靈活設(shè)置的結(jié)構(gòu),解決了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)共視法周期存在間斷,及數(shù)據(jù)事后交換處理的問(wèn)題。(3)使用多種融合方法,增強(qiáng)時(shí)間復(fù)現(xiàn)可用性研究了不同導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)之間系統(tǒng)偏差分布特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律,給出了時(shí)延偏差改正方法,解決了多導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)共用引入的系統(tǒng)間偏差問(wèn)題,且可視衛(wèi)星的增加,大大增加了遠(yuǎn)程比對(duì)的基線(xiàn)長(zhǎng)度,實(shí)現(xiàn)了多衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)之間的有效融合。分析了偽距和載波相位兩種數(shù)據(jù)的特征,給出了一種適用的載波相位平滑偽距方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了兩種數(shù)據(jù)的融合共用,滿(mǎn)足用戶(hù)不等精度的需求。本文的研究成果目前已經(jīng)應(yīng)用到了北京、天津、陜西等地,為各地復(fù)現(xiàn)UTC(NTSC)信號(hào),發(fā)揮實(shí)際價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:National time service center responsible for our standard time, maintaining and dissemination tasks. In recent years, the establishment of a national standard time synchronization with UTC UTC (NTSC), since 2013, with the UTC deviation less than 10ns. of practical technology, the use of diversified means to the national standard time high performance available to users in various industries service, the development of China's national economy is one of the core tasks of the national time service center. In this paper, the UTC (NTSC) remote replication method, made up of 1~5ns real-time timing means the current lack of timing system, and provides a scheme of 2ns real-time timing accuracy. Based on the method of remote time comparison on existing, this paper presents a new UTC (NTSC) on reproduction method of remote, provides a standard satellite common view method to measure the discontinuity, and can not be real-time output than the results of the research problem, improve the alignment precision The method and implementation of UTC in Engineering (NTSC) remote replication system, realize the user local recurrence period UTC (NTSC) and the main research contents of this paper are as follows: the deviation is less than 5ns. (1) analysis requirements of national standard time remote reproduction of the full analysis of the research status of measurement means at present, research of various industries for the high precision time and frequency, time traceability and other needs, combined with China's national standard time to generate and maintain the status quo of the national standard time remote replication is analyzed, including the function, performance and cost. (2) studied the remote time comparison of existing techniques based on satellite common view time transfer, PPP all in view, satellite, two-way satellite time transfer, analysis and research of optical fiber time comparison technology, found that the present method has several aspects, one is the general satellite common view than the continuous observation, there is a gap is two; The method of satellite common view time transfer, PPP, satellite as geometric results of poor real-time, especially PPP and all in view dependent precise orbit and clock data processing; three is a two-way satellite, special optical fiber transmission link method, high cost, difficult to promote a wide range of applications. (3) proposed UTC (NTSC) remote replication method, and combining the theory and experimental research to improve the accuracy of satellite common view based on the idea of reproduction, is proposed for UTC (NTSC) remote time comparison method of remote replication, the design of flexible observation cycle, observation and data processing in parallel, no observation gap, ensure traceability ratio continued uninterrupted to solve the common view, continuous observation data processing, error correction, data fusion problem of unequal precision; the design of real-time data exchange method, solves the real-time information transmission requirements bring communication reliability, environmental adaptability; research Study and solve the problem of error calibration of multi satellite navigation system sharing brings; using real-time data to control the output frequency of the source, and UTC (NTSC) in sync, and taking into account the stability of the performance requirements of the control strategy. The bell (4) project on the implementation of the UTC (NTSC) remote replication system in the proposed UTC (NTSC) study of the basic theory of remote full realization methods, from the point of view of engineering application, the UTC (NTSC) reliability, remote replication system stability, high integration requirement analysis, project implementation of UTC (NTSC) remote replication system, including the completion of the a data processing center some remote time comparison, the reference terminal, a plurality of UTC (NTSC) remote terminal system of a repetition, time delay calibration terminal and a set of remote data transmission network. (5) the system of the full test was carried out against a number of Test test, including test system test uncertainty of zero baseline and short baseline and long baseline tests. All test baseline length are better than 2ns uncertainty; reproduction terminal will use different types of atomic clocks installed on the user location, with two-way mobile satellite calibration station as an independent means of testing, test the repetition of UTC (NTSC) performance, experimental results show that the reproduction terminal using cesium atomic clock, the repetition frequency signal day stability is 1.8e-14, frequency accuracy is 1.99e-14; reproduction terminal using rubidium atomic clock, repetition frequency signal day stability is 9.45e-14, the frequency accuracy of 1.36e-13. for the research and implementation of UTC (NTSC) reconstruction system, the innovation of this paper are as follows: (1) proposed a remote country standard time to reproduce the national standard for reference, through remote time comparison, clock control means, directly to the full Even in the world around the user provides standard uniform time signal, and relying on the international comparison of the existing link, realize the reproduction signal to the international standard time source. UTC provides a precision 2ns for the user, is much better than that of GPS, the cost of its equivalent, a new timing scheme is not limited by the number of users (2.) put forward a new real-time, continuous satellite common view comparison method common view method an observation period of 16 minutes, with the observation data of 13 minutes, 3 minutes of observation space, common view data exchange processing, so the results generated serious lag, not suitable for the requirements of the national standard time of reproduction the demand of real-time. This paper presents a new real-time common view method, breaking the inherent observation period of ideas, design structure and flexible set of observation period, solve the standard CV cycle there is a gap, and After the data exchange processing. (3) the use of several fusion methods, enhance the availability of repetition time between different navigation system deviation distribution characteristics and rules, gives the correct method to solve the problem of delay deviation, deviation of system navigation system common introduced, and the increase of visible satellites, greatly increasing the length of distance compared to the baseline, to achieve the effective integration between multi satellite navigation system. Analysis of the characteristics of pseudorange and carrier phase two data, given a suitable carrier phase smoothing pseudo range method, realize the integration of two kinds of data sharing, to meet user needs unequal precision. The result of this research has been applied to Beijing, Tianjin, Shaanxi and other places, around the repetition of UTC (NTSC) signal, play the actual value.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院(國(guó)家授時(shí)中心)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P127.1

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