本文關(guān)鍵詞： 地形梯度帶 巖溶發(fā)育統(tǒng)計 巖溶水文地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu) 巖溶含水系統(tǒng)巖溶水流動系統(tǒng) 巖溶水系統(tǒng)循環(huán)模式 巖溶水環(huán)境　出處：《成都理工大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著近年來中國西部大開發(fā)、一帶一路等戰(zhàn)略的開展,人們對生存環(huán)境、空間和能源資源等需求量與日俱增。人類建設(shè)活動是社會生產(chǎn)與發(fā)展的必要行為,在遍及地表空間的同時也逐漸將目光轉(zhuǎn)向了地質(zhì)條件更為復(fù)雜的西部地區(qū),而巖溶便是中國西南地區(qū)復(fù)雜地質(zhì)環(huán)境的主要表現(xiàn)之一。川南盆地地形梯度帶位于四川盆地與云貴高原之間的過渡區(qū)域,北側(cè)受長江河谷的切割,地形緩而低,向南地勢逐漸抬升,直到云貴高原面附近時,徹底完成地形梯度的“上臺階”過程。區(qū)域碳酸鹽巖分布面積廣,巖溶水資源豐富。近幾十年,該區(qū)成為了重要的開發(fā)對象,交通地下工程、頁巖氣與礦山開采以及巖溶水資源開發(fā)利用等建設(shè)發(fā)展愈加頻繁。人類活動的開展與巖溶水系統(tǒng)環(huán)境密切相關(guān),巖溶水系統(tǒng)的研究對于人類活動具有重要的科學(xué)指導(dǎo)意義。論文以對近十年來在川南地形梯度帶內(nèi)承擔(dān)的地方鐵路、高速公路、水利工程、礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境等研究課題為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合區(qū)域水文地質(zhì)信息提取,運用水文地質(zhì)調(diào)查、地質(zhì)統(tǒng)計方法、同位素技術(shù)、地球化學(xué)反演模擬、三維數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)等手段,從區(qū)域地下水系統(tǒng)理論的角度,綜合分析了區(qū)域巖溶水系統(tǒng),取得了以下主要成果和結(jié)論:(1)基于四川盆地南緣與云貴高原之間斜坡地帶地形梯度大、可溶巖廣泛分布等特點,利用1:5萬和1:20萬精度區(qū)域地質(zhì)資料,統(tǒng)計了區(qū)內(nèi)T1j+T2l、P1y、D3+D2q、O2+O1和?2-3ls五套可溶巖地層的3494個巖溶類型,通過數(shù)量密度、形態(tài)規(guī)模、發(fā)育地層、發(fā)育部位和方向等要素總結(jié)了巖溶發(fā)育特征與分布規(guī)律,探尋了這一獨特的地形梯度帶巖溶發(fā)育的規(guī)律。(2)該區(qū)屬揚子準(zhǔn)地臺四川臺坳川東陷褶束的赤水凹褶束和上揚子臺坳川東南陷褶束的筠連凹褶束以及滇東臺褶帶的滇東北臺褶束三大構(gòu)造單元結(jié)合帶,構(gòu)造體系復(fù)雜多變。根據(jù)構(gòu)造地質(zhì)條件、巖性條件與邊界條件,結(jié)合構(gòu)造形跡將區(qū)域分為NE向構(gòu)造地質(zhì)單元、EW向構(gòu)造地質(zhì)單元、SN-EW向復(fù)合構(gòu)造地質(zhì)單元、NE-NNE構(gòu)造地質(zhì)單元和NE-旋扭型構(gòu)造地質(zhì)單元5個地質(zhì)單元區(qū)。(3)通過區(qū)域資料統(tǒng)計分析,從巖溶發(fā)育強(qiáng)度和分布高程等方面對巖溶規(guī)律進(jìn)行總結(jié):巖溶發(fā)育程度分為強(qiáng)、中等和弱3個區(qū),巖溶強(qiáng)發(fā)育地層為P1y和T1j+T2l,巖溶中等發(fā)育地層為D3+D2q和O1+O2,巖溶弱發(fā)育地層為?2-3ls;巖溶的分布高程具有明顯的階梯分帶性,在高程1950~2200m、1500~1800m、1000~1300m、700~900m和300~600m五個階段范圍內(nèi)分布了93.3%的巖溶類型,按此高程分帶將區(qū)域巖溶劃分為5個巖溶梯度帶。(4)區(qū)內(nèi)5個碳酸鹽巖層組T1j+T2l、P1y、D3+D2q、O2+O1mb和O1t+h與?2-3ls跟據(jù)巖性純度與層厚可以劃分為純層型、夾層型和互層型3種類型,結(jié)合巖溶現(xiàn)象總結(jié)出的巖溶發(fā)育強(qiáng)度、產(chǎn)狀控制因素和構(gòu)造條件,將碳酸鹽巖含水層組結(jié)構(gòu)劃分為單斜型、背斜型、向斜型與斷裂型4大類,共38個巖溶水文地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)。同時,在5個地質(zhì)單元內(nèi)對每類巖溶水文地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行空間區(qū)劃。(5)區(qū)內(nèi)兩類巖溶水按照賦存介質(zhì)空間的不同可分為管道型和裂隙型,根據(jù)介質(zhì)形態(tài)的組合特征,將介質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)分為純層管道-裂隙型、夾層管道-裂隙型、純層裂隙型、夾層或互層裂隙型和裂隙-孔隙型5個小類。介質(zhì)類型決定巖溶含水結(jié)構(gòu)的富水性,結(jié)合構(gòu)造地質(zhì)條件,區(qū)內(nèi)巖溶富水結(jié)構(gòu)以褶曲型和斷裂型為主,同時還包括單斜型、河谷泄流型和巖性接觸帶型共5種類型。(6)區(qū)內(nèi)地表水系發(fā)達(dá),按照河流邊界與分水嶺將區(qū)域劃分了關(guān)河(I-1)、南廣河(I-2)、長寧河(I-3)、永寧河(I-4)與赤水河(I-5)5個一級水文地質(zhì)單元,每個單元均為區(qū)域系統(tǒng),控制著地下水的徑流與排泄。同時,按照巖溶水排泄系統(tǒng)將區(qū)域水系統(tǒng)劃分為巖溶大泉系統(tǒng)和地下河系統(tǒng),其中,地下河系統(tǒng)中的伏流-暗河管道系統(tǒng)在區(qū)內(nèi)顯著發(fā)育,并且,跟據(jù)其流動特征可以分為單階梯狀和多階梯狀兩種形式。(7)區(qū)內(nèi)地下河除單管道狀以外還發(fā)育多枝狀形態(tài),從而具有多源同匯巖溶水系統(tǒng)的流動特征,更反映了地下河系的復(fù)雜程度。鑒于此,為了能夠明確識別地下河系統(tǒng)的流動過程,選取筠連巡司小魚洞和涼風(fēng)洞地下河系統(tǒng)以及地下深循環(huán)熱泉系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行水文地球化學(xué)路徑模擬,從而判斷各深層巖溶水流動系統(tǒng)之間的相關(guān)性。此外,還輔以同位素高程效應(yīng)對巖溶水流動速率進(jìn)行了定性分析。(8)根據(jù)巖溶水系統(tǒng)分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn),將區(qū)域巖溶水系統(tǒng)劃分為2~4級,其中,按照最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分,區(qū)內(nèi)共發(fā)育1235個巖溶水系統(tǒng)。另外,通過對單一純層型、純層型+上覆非碳酸鹽巖層、純層型+下伏非碳酸鹽巖層、純層型+側(cè)向分布非碳酸鹽巖層和夾層型或互層型間互狀5類含水結(jié)構(gòu)的水動力循環(huán)分帶特征進(jìn)行研究,結(jié)合區(qū)域水動力條件,將巖溶水系統(tǒng)循環(huán)分為單斜型、背斜型、向斜型、斷裂帶型和埋藏型5種模式。同時,按照不同的循環(huán)模式將區(qū)域巖溶水系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了水文地質(zhì)分區(qū)。(9)對川南地區(qū)的人類活動與巖溶水系統(tǒng)環(huán)境相互作用進(jìn)行研究,以交通隧洞工程為實例,運用數(shù)值模擬方法演化作用影響過程,為今后人類工程活動提供詳實可靠的地質(zhì)依據(jù),同時也為保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)巖溶水資源的天然特性以及合理開發(fā)利用提供參考價值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, Chinese western development, The Belt and Road strategic development, people's living environment, space and energy resources demand. It is necessary to grow with each passing day of human construction activities of production and development of the society, throughout surface space also gradually turned their attention to more complex geological conditions in the western region. Karst is one of the main performance of complex geological environment in Southwest China. Chinese South Sichuan basin terrain gradient zone is located in the transition zone between the Sichuan basin and the Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, north of Yangtze River Valley by cutting, slow and low terrain, the terrain gradually southward until the Yunnan Guizhou Plateau uplift, near surface, complete terrain gradient on the stage "process. Regional carbonate distribution area, abundant karst water resources. In recent decades, the area has become an important object of the development of traffic, underground engineering, shale gas and mining And karst water resources development and utilization of the construction and development of more frequent human activities. To carry out the karst water system and environment is closely related to the study of karst water system has important scientific guidance for human activities. The thesis takes nearly ten years in the south of Sichuan terrain gradient zone assumed within the local railway, highway, water conservancy project, mine geological environment research as the foundation, combined with the regional hydrogeological information extraction, the use of hydrological geological survey, geological statistics, isotope geochemical inversion technology, simulation, 3D numerical simulation technology in theory, from the perspective of regional groundwater system, a comprehensive analysis of the regional karst water system, the following main results and conclusions: (1) based on the topographic gradient between the southern slope zone and Yunnan Guizhou Plateau in Sichuan basin, the characteristics of karst are widely distributed, the use of 1:5 Vanward 1:20 million area precision Geological data, statistics in the area of T1j+T2l, P1y, D3+D2q, O2+O1 and 2-3ls? Five sets of soluble stratum 3494 karst type, by the number density, shape and scale of development, formation, development area and direction of summed up the characteristics and distribution of karst development, explores the unique terrain gradient zone of karst the law. (2) in the northeast of Yunnan Taiwan fold bundle three tectonic units of Junlian belonged to the concave fold bundle the Yangtze paraplatform Sichuan Taiwan depression depression in East Sichuan fold bundle Chishui concave fold bundle and the upper Yangtze Syneclise in Southeast Sichuan and Yunnan fold bundle Dongtai fold belt, combined with tectonic system constructed according to the complex. The geological conditions, rock conditions and boundary conditions, combined with the structural features of the regional tectonic unit is divided into NE to EW, to the tectonic unit, SN-EW composite tectonic unit, NE-NNE tectonic unit and the NE- knob type tectonic unit 5 geological unit. (3) through regional statistical analysis, summarizes the rules from the karst karst development intensity and distribution of elevation: karst development degree is divided into strong, moderate and weak 3 areas, karst formation of P1y and T1j+T2l, karst middle strata were D3+D2q and O1+O2, karst weak strata for 2-3ls? Karst; distribution of elevation has obvious ladder zonation, on the elevation of 1950~2200m, 1500~1800m, 1000~1300m, 700~900m and 300~600m five stages within the scope of the distribution of karst type 93.3%, according to the altitude zone will be divided into 5 Regional Karst karst gradient zone. (4) in the region of 5 carbonate rock group T1j+T2l P1y, D3+D2q, O2+O1mb, and O1t+h and 2-3ls? According to lithology and layer thickness, the purity can be divided into pure layer type, sandwich type and cross layer of 3 types, the intensity of karst development combined with karst phenomenon summed up the attitude control factors and structural condition, carbonate Divided into monoclinic, aquifer structure anticline, syncline type and fracture type 4 categories, a total of 38 karst hydrogeological structure. At the same time, the space division of the geological structure of each type of karst hydro geological unit in 5. (5) in the region of two kinds of karst water in accordance with the occurrence of different media space divided into pipe type and fracture type, according to the characteristics of media combination form, the structure is divided into pure dielectric layer pipeline fracture type, fracture type sandwich pipe, pure layer fracture type, interlayer or interbedded fissure type and fracture pore type 5 kinds. The medium type water rich karst of decision structure, combined with structural geology condition, karst water rich structure to fold type and fracture type, also including monoclinic, valley relief pattern and lithological contact zone type 5 types. (6) in the area of surface water system is developed, according to the river boundary and watershed divides the areas off the river (I-1), Nanning The river (I-2), Changning River (I-3), Yongning River (I-4) and Chishui River (I-5) 5 one hydrogeological unit, each unit for the regional system, control the runoff and discharge of groundwater. At the same time, the division of the regional water system for karst spring system and underground river system, including according to the karst water drainage system of underground river system in underground and underground river system in the region was developed, and according to the flow characteristics can be divided into single step and multi step two forms. (7) in the area of underground river except single shape growth also branched form, which has multiple with the exchange flow characteristics of karst water system, but also reflects the complexity of underground rivers. In view of this, in order to be able to clearly identify the flow process of the underground river system, selecting Junlian patrol division Xiaoyudong and Liangfeng cave underground river system and the underground hot springs deep circulation system hydrogeochemical path mode In order to determine the correlation between the quasi deep karst water flow system. In addition, also with isotope elevation effect on karst water flow rate were analyzed. (8) according to the classification standard of karst water system, the regional karst water system is divided into grade 2~4, which divided according to the low standard, area development 1235 a karst water system. In addition, based on the single layer, overlying non pure carbonate rock layer + + Fufei layer type, pure carbonate rocks, hydrodynamic circulation layer and lateral distribution of non pure carbonate rocks and interbeds of sandwich type or type 5 class water interbedded structure zoning characteristics the research, combined with the regional hydrodynamic conditions, the karst water circulation system is divided into monoclinic, anticline, syncline type, fault type and buried 5 modes. At the same time, according to the different circulation patterns of karst water system regional hydrogeological zoning (9) of Sichuan. Human activities in the south area of karst water system and environment interaction research in traffic tunnel project as an example, using numerical simulation method, the evolution effect process, to provide geological basis for the detailed and reliable future human engineering activities, but also provide reference value for the natural characteristics of karst water resource protection zone and the rational exploitation and utilization.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P641.134

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