本文關(guān)鍵詞： 遼河西部凹陷 沙河街組 灘壩 辮狀河三角洲 沉積相　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：遼河西部凹陷古近系沙四上亞段儲層油氣產(chǎn)量在中國東部油田中占據(jù)重要地位,目前巖性-地層油氣藏正成為勘探重點。但由于對沉積相認識上的局限性,影響了勘探進展。本文針對西部凹陷沙四上亞段沉積特征進行研究,通過沉積地質(zhì)學、層序地層學和多種技術(shù)手段,建立了研究區(qū)沙四上亞段的層序地層格架,研究了各級次層序內(nèi)沉積特征,探討了沉積相平面展布與演化規(guī)律。本文首先根據(jù)研究區(qū)沙四上亞段層序邊界特征,確定了西部凹陷沙四上亞段層序劃分方案。將沙四上亞段劃分為兩個三級層序,自下而上為層序一和層序二。進而對體系域和準層序組進行劃分,建立起研究區(qū)四級層序地層格架。在層序劃分的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合區(qū)域地質(zhì)背景、鉆測井和地震資料的分析,明確西部凹陷沙四上亞段沉積相類型和分布規(guī)律。在西部凹陷識別出兩種主要沉積相類型,分別是辮狀河三角洲和湖泊相沉積。其中辮狀河三角洲主要發(fā)育辮狀河三角洲前緣亞相,分布于研究區(qū)中南部地區(qū);湖泊相分為濱淺湖和半深湖-深湖亞相,廣泛分布于全區(qū),濱淺湖亞相主要發(fā)育灘壩沉積,分布于曙北地區(qū)、中南部沿岸弱物源區(qū)和遠岸區(qū),半深湖-深湖亞相分布于曙北深洼區(qū)。灘壩是本次研究新發(fā)現(xiàn)的沉積相類型,是下一步勘探重點領(lǐng)域。根據(jù)沉積特征,將灘壩分為側(cè)緣改造型灘壩、前緣改造型灘壩、基巖改造型灘壩、淹沒改造型灘壩和風暴改造型灘壩五種沉積模式。灘壩的控制因素包括古地貌、古水深、古物源和古風場等。本文以曙北灘壩發(fā)育區(qū)為例,提出了定量恢復“四古”的方法。古地貌采用“印模法”恢復,灘壩主要發(fā)育于水下低隆起部位;古水深采用“波痕法”和“壩厚法”恢復,形成灘壩水深大約8m;古物源采用鏡下巖屑對比法分析,主力灘壩是由三角洲改造、古潛山剝蝕和岸線基巖侵蝕所形成的混源灘壩;古風場通過灘壩展布特征進行倒推分析,形成灘壩受南北季風影響,風力可達8級。關(guān)于灘壩的控制因素總結(jié)為“風-源-盆”三端元控制系統(tǒng)。古地貌對灘壩發(fā)育具有重要意義,按照古地貌特征將曙北灘壩發(fā)育區(qū)分為沿岸帶、潛山帶、潛山披覆帶、北部斜坡帶和深洼帶五個帶,闡述“風-源-盆”系統(tǒng)中各因素對每一個帶砂體發(fā)育的控制作用,并對灘壩分布進行預測。
[Abstract]:The oil and gas production of the Upper submember of the Paleogene Sha 4 in the western depression of Liaohe plays an important role in the oil fields in eastern China. At present, lithology-stratigraphic reservoirs are becoming the focus of exploration, but due to the limitation of the understanding of sedimentary facies. This paper studies the sedimentary characteristics of the upper submember of Sha 4 in the western sag, and establishes the sequence stratigraphic framework of the upper member of the submember of Sha 4 by means of sedimentary geology, sequence stratigraphy and various technical means. In this paper, the sedimentary characteristics of subsequences are studied, and the distribution and evolution of sedimentary facies are discussed. Firstly, according to the sequence boundary characteristics of the upper sub-member of Sha 4 in the study area. The sequence division scheme of the upper submember of Sha4 in the western sag is determined. The upper submember of the fourth member of the depression is divided into two third-order sequences, the first and second sequences from the bottom to the top, and the system tracts and quasi-sequence sets are further divided. The fourth order sequence stratigraphic framework is established in the study area. On the basis of sequence division, the analysis of regional geological background, drilling logging and seismic data is carried out. The types and distribution of sedimentary facies in the upper submember of Sha 4 in the western sag are clarified. Two main sedimentary facies types are identified in the western sag. The braided river delta and lacustrine facies mainly developed braided river delta front subfacies and distributed in the central and southern part of the study area. The lacustrine facies are divided into shallow littoral and semi-deep lacustry-deep lacustrine subfacies, which are widely distributed in the whole area. The shoreline and dam deposits are mainly developed in shoreline and shallow lacustrine subfacies, which are distributed in Shubei area, weak source area and far shore area along the central and southern coast. Semi-deep lacustry-deep lacustrine subfacies are distributed in Shoubei Shenwa area. Beach dam is a new sedimentary facies type discovered in this study and is the next key area of exploration. According to the sedimentary characteristics, the beach dam is divided into lateral edge reformation type beach dam. There are five kinds of sedimentary models: front reformed beach dam, bedrock reconstruction beach dam, submerged reformed beach dam and storm modified beach dam. The controlling factors of beach dam include paleogeomorphology and ancient water depth. Taking the development area of Shubei beach dam as an example, this paper puts forward a method of quantitative restoration of "four ancient times". The paleogeomorphology is restored by "impression method", and the beach dam is mainly developed in the low uplift area under water. The ancient water depth was restored by "wave mark method" and "dam thickness method", and the water depth of beach dam was about 8 m. The source of antiquities is analyzed by contrast method of lithic debris under mirror. The main beach dam is formed by delta reconstruction, erosion of buried hill and erosion of shoreline bedrock. The paleo-wind field is analyzed by the distribution characteristics of beach and dam, and the beach and dam are influenced by the north and south monsoon. Wind power can reach 8 grade. The controlling factors of beach and dam are summarized as "wind-source-basin" three-terminal control system. Paleogeomorphology is of great significance to the development of beach and dam. According to the paleogeomorphic characteristics, the development of Shubei beach dam is divided into coastal zone. Five zones, including buried hill zone, buried hill drape belt, northern slope zone and deep depression zone, are discussed in this paper. The controlling effects of various factors on the development of sand bodies in each belt are discussed, and the distribution of beach and dam is predicted.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P618.13

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