本文關(guān)鍵詞：LHAASO WCDA前端讀出電子學的研究　出處：《中國科學技術(shù)大學》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 大型高海拔空氣簇射觀測站 水契倫科夫探測器陣列 光電倍增管 前端讀出電子學 電荷測量 時間測量

【摘要】：大型高海拔空氣簇射觀測站(Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory,縮寫為LHAASO)是中國"國家發(fā)改委十二五規(guī)劃"中計劃建設(shè)的大型科學裝置。LHAASO共包含五種探測器陣列,對能量在1011～1015eV的廣延大氣簇射(Extensive Air Shower,縮寫為EAS)進行連續(xù)測量。水契倫科夫探測器陣列(Water Cherenkov Detector Array,縮寫為 WCDA)是 LHAASO 中的一個重要的子探測器,由分布在三個水池內(nèi)的3120個光電倍增管(photomultipliertube,縮寫為PMT)組成。PMT接收廣延大氣簇射次級粒子在水中產(chǎn)生的契倫科夫光并輸出電信號,前端電子學模塊(Front-end Electronics,縮寫為FEE)接收PMT輸出信號并完成電荷和時間測量,測量結(jié)果用來重建原始入射粒子的種類和入射方向。WCDA讀出電子學基于分布式構(gòu)架設(shè)計,FEE就近PMT放置,進行時間和電荷測量并完成數(shù)字化,數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果進一步通過光纖長距傳輸至后端DAQ(DataAcquisition)。本論文研究主要集中在模擬電子學的設(shè)計上,著重研究了大動態(tài)范圍情況下PMT信號的時間和電荷測量技術(shù),基于計算分析、仿真結(jié)合試驗驗證的方法提出了最優(yōu)化的電荷測量電路結(jié)構(gòu),并確認了電路的關(guān)鍵設(shè)計參數(shù);在時間測量方面,在已有的FPGA(Field Program Gate Array)TDC(Time-to-Digital Converter)工作基礎(chǔ)上,進一步優(yōu)化設(shè)計提升了其精度指標。此外,考慮到工程實施的需求,在FEE中還設(shè)計了自動標定電路,實現(xiàn)了電路參數(shù)的自動標定等功能。在上述研究基礎(chǔ)上,進行了工程樣機的實際制作和系統(tǒng)測試。電子學測試結(jié)果表明,該工程樣機在單光電子(Single Photoelectron,S.P.E.)處電荷測量精度好于8%,在4000P.E.處電荷測量精度好于1%;整個動態(tài)范圍內(nèi)的時間測量精度好于300 psRMS,均好于工程應(yīng)用需求。最后,將工程樣機分別與兩種PMT進行了聯(lián)合測試,測試結(jié)果均符合物理預(yù)期。此外,本論文還進一步探索了一種基于基線恢復(fù)技術(shù)的改進型前沿定時電路,在保證測量精度等性能的同時大大減小了電路死時間,為類似大動態(tài)范圍下高精度定時電路提供了設(shè)計參考。本論文工作還基于本實驗自主研發(fā)的放大成形電路(Pre-Amplifier and Shaping Circuit,縮寫為PASC)芯片完成了另一種FEE原型電路的設(shè)計。此技術(shù)的優(yōu)點是可簡化前端模擬電路的復(fù)雜度。研究中也對該電路進行了初步的電子學測試以及與PMT的聯(lián)合測試。本論文結(jié)構(gòu)安排如下:第一章介紹了 LHAASO WCDA實驗,并給出了 FEE的設(shè)計指標需求;第二章調(diào)研了目前主流的電荷和時間測量方法,并結(jié)合典型的應(yīng)用實例對相關(guān)技術(shù)方案進行了分類和總結(jié),這也是FEE工程樣機的設(shè)計參考;第三章主要介紹了 WCDA FEE設(shè)計中的電荷和時間測量方案和技術(shù)路線,包括電路的計算分析、電路仿真和參數(shù)優(yōu)化;第四章詳細介紹了 FEE工程樣機的詳細電路設(shè)計與實現(xiàn),包括放大成形電路、ADC電路、時間甄別電路、自動標定電路以及相應(yīng)的基于FPGA的數(shù)字處理邏輯等;第五章主要介紹了 FEE工程樣機的電子學測試結(jié)果。測試結(jié)果表明,各項性能指標均滿足工程需求;第六章使用兩種PMT與FEE原型樣機進行了聯(lián)合測試。測試結(jié)果均符合物理預(yù)期;第七章為論文的總結(jié)和展望。
[Abstract]:Large high altitude air shower Observatory (Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory, abbreviated as LHAASO) is China "12th Five-Year national development and Reform Commission Plan" plans to build large-scale scientific device.LHAASO contains a total of five kinds of detector array, the energy in the 1011 ~ 1015eV extensive air shower (Extensive Air Shower, abbreviated as EAS) are continuous measuring water Cherenkov detector array (Water Cherenkov Detector Array, abbreviated as WCDA) is one of the most important sub detectors in LHAASO, by doubling the distribution of 3120 in the three photoelectric pool tube (photomultipliertube, abbreviated as PMT) consisting of.PMT received extensive air shower of secondary particles produced in water Cherenkov light and the output signal, the front-end electronics module (Front-end Electronics, abbreviated as FEE) receiving the output signal of the PMT and complete charge and time measurement, the measurement results for heavy Type and direction of.WCDA built the original incident particle readout electronics distributed architecture design based on FEE PMT, the nearest place, time and charge measurement and digital data, results in long-distance transmission through optical fiber to the back-end DAQ (DataAcquisition). This paper studies mainly focus on the design of analog electronics, focuses on the dynamic range conditions of PMT signal time and charge measurement technology, based on the calculation and analysis, put forward the optimization of the structure of charge measurement circuit simulation with the experimental method, and confirmed the key design parameters of the circuit; in time measurement, the FPGA (Field Program Gate Array) TDC (Time-to-Digital Converter) on the basis of the work further, optimization design to enhance its accuracy. In addition, taking into account the implementation of the project needs, the FEE also designed the automatic calibration circuit realization Automatic calibration function of the circuit parameters. On the basis of the above study, the actual production and system engineering prototype test. Electronics test results show that the prototype in single photo electron (Single Photoelectron, S.P.E.) the charge measurement accuracy is better than 8%, at 4000P.E. in the charge measurement accuracy of better than 1%; time measurement the precision of the dynamic range is better than 300 psRMS, were better than the requirement of engineering application. Finally, the engineering prototype with two PMT conducted a joint test, test results comply with physical expectations. In addition, this paper also further explore an improved front timing circuit baseline restoration based on ensure the accuracy of measurement of the performance of the circuit greatly reduces the dead time, provide a reference for the similar large dynamic range and high precision timing circuit. The work of this paper is based on the amplification of independent research and development (Pre-Amplifier and Shaping Circuit shaping circuit, abbreviated as PASC) chip designed another FEE prototype circuit. The advantage of this technique is to simplify the complexity of front-end analog circuit. The circuit of the study also conducted a preliminary test and combined test electronics and PMT. This paper is organized as follows: first the chapter introduces the LHAASO WCDA experiment, and gives the design index requirement of FEE; the second chapter research the charge and time measurement method of the mainstream at present, and the relevant technical schemes are classified and summarized combined with typical examples of application, which is the FEE engineering design reference prototype; the third chapter mainly introduces the charge and time measurement scheme WCDA in FEE design and technology roadmap, including the analysis of circuit calculation, circuit simulation and parameter optimization; the fourth chapter introduces the design and implementation of a detailed circuit FEE engineering prototype Now, including amplification shaping circuit, ADC circuit, time discrimination circuit, automatic calibration circuit and corresponding FPGA digital processing logic and so on; the fifth chapter mainly introduces the test results of FEE electronics engineering prototype. The test results show that the performance indexes meet the requirements of engineering; the sixth chapter uses two PMT and FEE of the prototype the joint test. The test results are in line with physical expectations; the seventh chapter is the summary and outlook of the paper.

【學位授予單位】：中國科學技術(shù)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O572.1

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