發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-18 12:28

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于景觀單元的黑河中游綠洲水文過程模擬研究　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 黑河中游 土壤水 地下水 水文模型 蒸散發(fā)

【摘要】：黑河中游位于我國西北干旱區(qū),水資源短缺,用水矛盾突出。其綠洲是我國糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū),農(nóng)業(yè)以灌溉為主,水文過程受人為活動(dòng)影響劇烈。由于干旱區(qū)水文過程具有"散耗型"的特點(diǎn),傳統(tǒng)的以描述產(chǎn)匯流過程為主的濕潤區(qū)流域水文模型不宜直接應(yīng)用于該地區(qū)。為量化干旱區(qū)的水文轉(zhuǎn)化參量、預(yù)測人類活動(dòng)對(duì)水文過程的影響、促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)厮Y源的科學(xué)管理,需建立適用于該區(qū)域的水文過程模型。本文選取黑河中游綠洲為研究區(qū),在監(jiān)測資料和田間試驗(yàn)分析基礎(chǔ)上,建立了具有不同景觀單元的綠洲水文過程模型,開展了黑河中游綠洲水文過程模擬及情景預(yù)測研究。主要研究內(nèi)容和成果如下:(1)分析了黑河中游地下水位分布的空間變異性。結(jié)果表明,普通克里金方法、普通克里金的Yamamoto修正法與泛克里金方法都適用于黑河中游地下水位的空間插值。Yamamoto修正法更適用于預(yù)測地下水位極高值與極低值點(diǎn),但整體預(yù)測精度略低于其它兩種方法。在進(jìn)行區(qū)域尺度地下水位空間分布預(yù)測時(shí),可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來選取相關(guān)的地下水位插值方法。本文建立的綠洲水文過程模型,在地下水動(dòng)態(tài)模擬時(shí),初始水位的分布由于空間變化相對(duì)較小,空間插值采用了整體精度最高的普通克里金方法。(2)開展了農(nóng)田灌溉側(cè)向滲漏試驗(yàn),利用二維土壤水動(dòng)力學(xué)模型HYDRUS-2D對(duì)農(nóng)田不同灌水定額、田塊寬度以及土壤層狀結(jié)構(gòu)下的農(nóng)田灌溉側(cè)向滲漏過程進(jìn)行模擬分析。結(jié)果表明,農(nóng)田灌溉側(cè)滲比(側(cè)滲損失與灌溉量之比)會(huì)隨灌水定額的增大而增大、隨田塊面積的增大而減小、田塊土壤的層狀結(jié)構(gòu)亦會(huì)影響側(cè)滲比,細(xì)質(zhì)土覆蓋粗質(zhì)土?xí)r,有利于減小側(cè)滲比。對(duì)于黑河中游綠洲農(nóng)田,從田塊尺度和土壤結(jié)構(gòu)來看,在綠洲水文過程模擬中可以忽略灌溉引起的側(cè)向損失,僅考慮農(nóng)田水分的垂向運(yùn)移。(3)建立了農(nóng)田非飽和帶水量平衡模型,將其模擬結(jié)果與一維土壤水動(dòng)力學(xué)模型HYDRUS-1D模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比驗(yàn)證,分析了不同潛水埋深及灌水定額條件下,研究區(qū)主要作物種植下農(nóng)田非飽和帶水分轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,兩個(gè)模型得到的作物生長過程中土壤儲(chǔ)水量、蒸散發(fā)量、根區(qū)深層滲漏量及農(nóng)田滲漏補(bǔ)給地下水量具有良好的一致性,說明農(nóng)田非飽和帶水量平衡模型可以用于描述研究區(qū)典型農(nóng)田土壤水分動(dòng)態(tài)變化過程。(4)建立了包氣帶農(nóng)田、林草地、裸地及水域等不同景觀單元的概念性水文模型,并將其與地下水動(dòng)力學(xué)模型FEFLOW進(jìn)行松散耦合,形成基于景觀單元的黑河中游綠洲水文過程模型。利用區(qū)域水均衡數(shù)據(jù)、2000～2010年區(qū)域遙感蒸散發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)以及地下水位觀測數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)耦合模型進(jìn)行模型率定。結(jié)果表明:該模型能有效地量化非飽和帶不同景觀單元的水轉(zhuǎn)化參量,并可靠地模擬地下水動(dòng)態(tài)變化特性以及綠洲區(qū)域水分消耗與補(bǔ)給規(guī)律。(5)將基于景觀單元的黑河中游綠洲水文模型應(yīng)用于維持現(xiàn)狀及不同節(jié)水情景下的綠洲水文過程模擬預(yù)測。結(jié)果表明,隨著灌溉定額的減小,非飽和帶儲(chǔ)水量增加值以及研究區(qū)蒸散發(fā)總量均呈下降趨勢;提高渠系襯砌率使渠系水利用系數(shù)至90%、卻維持現(xiàn)狀地下水開采量,會(huì)減少渠系水滲漏補(bǔ)給地下水的水量,反而加重地下水虧空;但提高渠系襯砌率的同時(shí)減小地下水開采量將利于維護(hù)區(qū)域地下水均衡。
[Abstract]:The middle reaches of Heihe is located in the northwest arid area of China, the shortage of water resources, water contradiction. The oasis is China's major grain producing areas, agricultural irrigation, hydrological processes affected by human activity intensity. Because of the characteristics of arid region hydrology process with "Dissipative", the hydrological model is not suitable for humid areas to the river runoff the process of the traditional direct application in this area. For the hydrological drought area of quantitative transformation parameters, predict the impact of human activities on hydrological process, promote the scientific management of local water resources, to establish suitable hydrological model of this area. This paper selected the middle reaches of Heihe oasis as a study area, in the analysis of monitoring data and field test on the basis of established oasis hydrological process models with different landscape units, carried out the research of modeling and scenario prediction of hydrological processes in the middle reaches of Heihe oasis. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) Analysis of the spatial variability of groundwater level distribution in the middle reaches of Heihe. The results showed that the ordinary Kriging method, ordinary Kriging and Universal Kriging method modified Yamamoto methods are applied to the underground water level in the middle reaches of Heihe.Yamamoto spatial interpolation correction method is more suitable for the prediction of groundwater level extremely high value and low value, but the overall prediction accuracy is slightly lower than the other two kinds of methods. In the prediction of spatial distribution of regional groundwater level scale, can be related to the water table interpolation method to select according to the actual situation. The oasis hydrological process model established in this paper, the dynamic simulation of groundwater, the distribution of the initial water level due to the spatial variation is relatively small, the spatial interpolation using ordinary Kriging method, the highest overall accuracy. (2) carried out irrigation lateral leakage test, using two-dimensional soil water dynamics model of farmland irrigation quota HYDRUS-2D, Tian Irrigation lateral leakage process block width and soil layer structure under simulated and analyzed. The results showed that irrigation infiltration ratio (lateral seepage loss and irrigation volume ratio) will increases with the increase of irrigation quota, decreases with the increase of farmland area, farmland soil layer structure also affects infiltration ratio fine soil cover, coarse soil, reduce lateral seepage ratio. For farmland in Heihe oasis, from field scale and soil structure, the loss caused by the lateral irrigation can be ignored in the simulation of hydrological processes in oasis farmland water, only considering the vertical migration. (3) the establishment of farmland with water saturation balance model, the simulation results with the one-dimensional soil water dynamics model of HYDRUS-1D simulation results were verified and analyzed different groundwater depth and irrigation conditions, main crop planting area of farmland moisture in unsaturated zone Conversion. The results showed that two models of crop growth process of soil water storage, evapotranspiration, root zone and deep seepage recharge of underground water in farmland has good consistency, shows that farmland unsaturated water balance model can be used to describe the change process of soil moisture dynamics in Typical Farmland in the study area. (4) the establishment of the vadose zone of farmland, forest and grassland, bare land and water conceptual hydrological model of different landscape units, and its loose coupling and FEFLOW groundwater dynamics model, the formation of the oasis in the middle reaches of Heihe hydrological landscape unit. Based on the model of regional water balance data, 2000~2010 regional remote sensing evapotranspiration and groundwater observation data the data of the coupling model of model calibration. The results show that the model can effectively quantify the unsaturated zone in different landscape units of water transformation parameters, and reliable mode The dynamic characteristics of groundwater and the oasis water consumption and recharge. (5) the oasis hydrological process of landscape units in Heihe oasis hydrological model is used to maintain the status quo and different water saving scenarios based on simulation. The results show that with the small reduction of irrigation quota, the unsaturated zone water storage and increase the value of the study area. The total amount of emission decreased; improve the canal lining rate to canal water utilization coefficient to 90%, but to maintain the status quo of the exploitation of groundwater, will reduce the canal water recharge groundwater water, aggravate the groundwater deficit; but to improve the canal lining rate and reduce groundwater exploitation will be conducive to the maintenance of regional groundwater balance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S274;P343

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 周劍;吳雪嬌;李紅星;李妍;仲波;潘曉多;;改進(jìn)SEBS模型評(píng)價(jià)黑河中游灌溉水資源利用效率[J];水利學(xué)報(bào);2014年12期

2 胡立堂;;黑河干流中游地區(qū)地表水和地下水集成模擬與應(yīng)用[J];北京師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2014年05期

3 Zhen-tao CONG;Hua-fang Lü;Guang-heng NI;;A simplified dynamic method for field capacity estimation and its parameter analysis[J];Water Science and Engineering;2014年04期

4 何磊;王瑤;別強(qiáng);方鏡堯;趙傳燕;;基于SEBS-METRIC方法的黑河流域中游地區(qū)農(nóng)田蒸散[J];蘭州大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2013年04期

5 王金鳳;常學(xué)向;;近30a黑河流域中游臨澤縣地下水變化趨勢[J];干旱區(qū)研究;2013年04期

6 田偉;李新;程國棟;王旭升;胡曉農(nóng);;基于地下水陸面過程耦合模型的黑河干流中游耗水分析[J];冰川凍土;2012年03期

7 柴強(qiáng);于愛忠;陳桂平;黃鵬;;單作與間作的棵間蒸發(fā)量差異及其主要影響因子[J];中國生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào);2011年06期

8 ;A Physicoempirical Model for Soil Water Simulation in Crop Root Zone[J];Pedosphere;2011年04期

9 徐旭;黃冠華;屈忠義;黃權(quán)中;;區(qū)域尺度農(nóng)田水鹽動(dòng)態(tài)模擬模型—GSWAP[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào);2011年07期

10 彭守璋;趙傳燕;彭煥華;鄭祥霖;許仲林;;黑河下游檉柳種群地上生物量及耗水量的空間分布[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2010年08期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前9條

1 姜雪連;西北旱區(qū)制種玉米父本母本耗水特性及蒸發(fā)蒸騰量估算方法研究[D];中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2016年

2 易軍;黑河中游不同景觀單元水分運(yùn)動(dòng)與景觀間水量交換[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2015年

3 高學(xué)睿;基于水循環(huán)模擬的農(nóng)田土壤水效用評(píng)價(jià)方法與應(yīng)用[D];中國水利水電科學(xué)研究院;2013年

4 彭煥華;黑河上游典型小流域森林—草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)水文過程研究[D];蘭州大學(xué);2013年

5 王超;黑河上游天老池流域植被變化對(duì)降雨徑流過程影響研究[D];蘭州大學(xué);2013年

6 史宇;北京山區(qū)主要優(yōu)勢樹種森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)生態(tài)水文過程分析[D];北京林業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

7 王玉寶;節(jié)水型農(nóng)業(yè)種植結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2010年

8 宋吉紅;重慶縉云山森林水文生態(tài)功能研究[D];北京林業(yè)大學(xué);2008年

9 馬英杰;干旱內(nèi)陸區(qū)作物生長影響的潛水蒸發(fā)和農(nóng)田排水計(jì)算研究[D];西安理工大學(xué);2005年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 王彪;基于Hydrus-1D的中寧平原包氣帶水分運(yùn)移規(guī)律研究[D];中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京);2015年

2 閆昕;黑河中游灌區(qū)不同尺度灌溉水有效利用系數(shù)估算[D];中國水利水電科學(xué)研究院;2015年

3 王學(xué)強(qiáng);黑河流域中游盆地玉米作物遙感估產(chǎn)研究[D];蘭州大學(xué);2014年

4 宋鑫博;基于MODIS數(shù)據(jù)的湖西區(qū)地表蒸散發(fā)遙感估算[D];南京師范大學(xué);2013年

5 趙銘石;25a來黑河流域NDVI的時(shí)空演變與氣候響應(yīng)[D];蘭州大學(xué);2012年

6 趙曉Q，

本文編號(hào)：1440968