本文關(guān)鍵詞：皖西大別山區(qū)高速公路邊坡人工植被恢復(fù)特征及其質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)　出處：《北京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 皖西大別山區(qū) 高速公路邊坡 群落特征 土壤性質(zhì) 土壤種子庫(kù) 植被恢復(fù)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)

【摘要】：本文以皖西大別山區(qū)的岳武高速公路邊坡為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用定位研究和常規(guī)群落調(diào)查法,研究了人工植被建植初期的邊坡群落特征和土壤性質(zhì)動(dòng)態(tài)變化特征。探討了該地區(qū)不同恢復(fù)年限(2a、5a、7a和9a)的高速公路邊坡植被的群落特征。結(jié)合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查,從邊坡力學(xué)質(zhì)量、基材質(zhì)量、群落質(zhì)量3方面構(gòu)建植被恢復(fù)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,采用AHP與模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)相結(jié)合的方法對(duì)人工植被恢復(fù)2a的岳武高速公路邊坡植被進(jìn)行了質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)。主要研究結(jié)果如下：(1)通過(guò)研究新建高速公路邊坡群落的動(dòng)態(tài)特征得出：采取不同植被恢復(fù)措施的群落特征在植被建植初期有較大差異,植被建植第1周年,液壓噴播樣地的物種數(shù)量、植被蓋度與群落高度明顯占優(yōu),但在第2周年卻出現(xiàn)明顯的退化,而此時(shí)纖維毯與植生帶樣地的物種數(shù)量、植被蓋度、群落高度明顯提高,其群落穩(wěn)定性與可持續(xù)性更好。各邊坡樣地的群落多樣性指數(shù)的動(dòng)態(tài)變化反映了群落結(jié)構(gòu)正在由較簡(jiǎn)單水平向復(fù)雜水平演變。(2)采用不同植被恢復(fù)措施的邊坡土壤特征在植被建植初期有較大差異。植被恢復(fù)2年后,纖維毯與植生帶樣地的土壤密度、土壤孔隙度、土壤水分入滲能力得到明顯改善,纖維毯樣地的土壤全氮、有效磷、速效鉀、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量增幅最大,纖維毯與植生帶樣地的基材抗剪強(qiáng)度的增幅也最大,說(shuō)明坡面植物的生長(zhǎng)狀況及群落結(jié)構(gòu)直接影響著土壤物理性質(zhì)、土壤養(yǎng)分含量及邊坡穩(wěn)定性。群落特征相關(guān)指數(shù)與土壤養(yǎng)分因子、基材抗剪強(qiáng)度之間的相關(guān)性顯著。(3)不同恢復(fù)年限的高速公路邊坡人工植被群落特征明顯。植被恢復(fù)初期,群落優(yōu)勢(shì)種以人工播種的物種為主,多樣性水平較低；隨著恢復(fù)年限的推進(jìn),入侵的鄉(xiāng)土物種豐富了群落物種的種類(lèi),從而提高了群落的多樣性指數(shù),隨著演替的進(jìn)行,群落優(yōu)勢(shì)種又集中于單一種群,多樣性指數(shù)降低。(4)隨著邊坡植被—土壤系統(tǒng)得到改善,大量禾本科、豆科、菊科鄉(xiāng)土植物入侵并占據(jù)較大的群落空間,改變了人工植被群落的結(jié)構(gòu)。在進(jìn)一步演替中,木本植物開(kāi)始占據(jù)較大的群落空間。皖西大別山區(qū)高速公路邊坡人工植被建植后9年的自然化演替過(guò)程為：人工草灌群落階段(1-2a)、人工植被與鄉(xiāng)土植被共存草灌群落階段(2-7a)和喬灌草群落階段(7-9a)。(5)皖西大別山區(qū)高速公路邊坡的土壤種子庫(kù)豐度較大。不同恢復(fù)年限邊坡的地上植被與土壤種子庫(kù)的物種組成具有一定的相似性。(6)通過(guò)對(duì)岳武高速公路邊坡植被的恢復(fù)質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果顯示采用不同生態(tài)護(hù)坡模式的植被恢復(fù)質(zhì)量等級(jí)也有差別,其中植物纖維毯和植生帶生態(tài)護(hù)坡模式的植被恢復(fù)質(zhì)量為優(yōu),適宜用于皖西大別山區(qū)高速公路邊坡植被恢復(fù)。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the slope of Yuewu Expressway in Dabie Mountain area of West Anhui Province is taken as the research object. The characteristics of slope community and soil properties in the early stage of artificial vegetation were studied. Combined with field investigation, the evaluation index system of vegetation restoration quality was constructed from three aspects: slope mechanical quality, base material quality and community quality. The method of combining AHP with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was used to evaluate the vegetation quality of the slope of Yuewu Expressway which was restored by artificial vegetation for 2 years. The main results are as follows: 1). By studying the dynamic characteristics of slope community in Xinjian Expressway, it is concluded that the community characteristics of different vegetation restoration measures are different in the early stage of vegetation establishment. The number of species, vegetation coverage and community height were dominant in the first anniversary of the establishment of vegetation, but there was a significant degradation in the second anniversary, and the number of species in fiber blanket and plantlet plots. Vegetation coverage and community height increased significantly. The community stability and sustainability are better. The dynamic change of community diversity index of slope plots reflects that the community structure is changing from simple level to complex level. The soil characteristics of slope with different vegetation restoration measures were different in the early stage of vegetation restoration. 2 years after vegetation restoration. The soil density, soil porosity and soil moisture infiltration capacity of fiber blanket and plantlet plots were improved obviously. The content of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter increased the most in fiber blanket plots. The increase of shear strength of base material in fiber blanket and plant-belt plots was also the largest, which indicated that the growth status and community structure of the plants on the slope directly affected the physical properties of the soil. Soil nutrient content and slope stability. Correlation index of community characteristics and soil nutrient factor. The correlation between shear strength of base material is significant. 3) the characteristics of artificial vegetation community on highway slope with different restoration years are obvious. In the early stage of vegetation restoration, the dominant species of the community are mainly artificially seeded species. The diversity level is low; With the advance of restoration years, invasive native species enriched the species of community species, thus improving the diversity index of the community. With the succession, the dominant species of the community concentrated on a single population. With the improvement of slope vegetation-soil system, a large number of Gramineae, Leguminosae and Compositae native plants invaded and occupied a large community space. Changed the structure of artificial vegetation community. In the further succession. Woody plants began to occupy a large community space. The natural succession process of artificial vegetation on highway slope of Dabie Mountain area of West Anhui Province for 9 years was as follows: artificial grass irrigation community stage (1-2a). Artificial vegetation and native vegetation co-exist in herbage community stage (2-7a) and Arbor shrub grass community stage (7-9a. 5). The abundance of soil seed bank of expressway slope in Dabie Mountain area of West Anhui Province is relatively large. The species composition of soil seed bank and the above ground vegetation of slope with different restoration years are similar to that of soil seed bank. The quality of vegetation restoration on the slope of Yuewu Expressway was evaluated. The results showed that there were differences in the quality of vegetation restoration with different ecological slope protection models, and the vegetation restoration quality of plant fiber blanket and vegetation belt ecological slope protection model was the best. It is suitable for vegetation restoration of highway slope in Dabie Mountain area, West Anhui Province.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：Q948
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本文編號(hào)：1435656