本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國(guó)擬層孔菌屬及近緣屬的分類與系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究　出處：《北京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 擔(dān)子菌 褐腐菌 擬層孔菌科 分類 系統(tǒng)發(fā)育

【摘要】：擬層孔菌屬(Fomitopsis)是世界廣布的一個(gè)多孔菌類群；該屬建立于19世紀(jì)晚期,主要引起木材的褐色腐朽,在森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中起到重要的降解還原作用。擬層孔菌屬的近緣屬包括迷孔菌屬(Daedalea)和剝管孔菌屬(Piptoporus)等。擬層孔菌屬自建立以來(lái),真菌學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多該屬的新種,并將其他屬的一些種類也轉(zhuǎn)移至該屬,因此擬層孔菌屬的分類特征不斷增加。通過(guò)以往的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究發(fā)現(xiàn),擬層孔菌屬和剝管孔菌屬并不是單源的,而且擬層孔菌屬及其近緣屬屬間及屬內(nèi)種間的親緣關(guān)系尚不明確。因此,開展擬層孔菌屬及其近緣屬的形態(tài)學(xué)及分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究具有重要的理論意義。本研究主要對(duì)本人和北京林業(yè)大學(xué)微生物研究所團(tuán)隊(duì)在近15年采集的擬層孔菌屬及其近緣屬真菌標(biāo)本進(jìn)行了形態(tài)學(xué)和系統(tǒng)發(fā)育學(xué)兩方面的研究。系統(tǒng)發(fā)育學(xué)研究采用了編碼核糖體內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)錄間隔區(qū)(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)、核糖體大亞基(nuclear ribosomal large subunit,nLSU)、核糖體小亞基(nuclear ribosomal small subunit,nSSU)、線粒體小亞基(mitochondrial small subunit, mtSSU)、延伸因子la(the translation elongation factor 1-a,tefl)和RNA聚合酶Ⅱ第二大亞基(RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit,rpb2)的基因序列作為多分子標(biāo)記,使用了最大似然法(ML),最大簡(jiǎn)約法(MP)及貝葉斯分析法(BI法)。多分子標(biāo)記YTS+nLSU+rpb2和ITS+nLSU+nSSU+mtSSU+tef1+rpb2的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究顯示：擬層孔菌屬與其近緣屬真菌聚類在antrodia clade中,并形成多個(gè)獨(dú)立的subclades。廣義擬層孔菌屬的種類形成了6個(gè)支持率很高的subclades,分別是：狹義擬層孔菌(Fomitopsis sensu stricto)subclade、脆層孔菌(Fragifomes)subclade、白孔層孔菌(Niveoporofomes)subclade、紅層孔菌(Rhodofomes)subclade、粉紅層孔菌(Rubellofomes) subclade和蹄迷孔菌(Ungulidaedalea) subclade。迷孔菌屬的種類聚集在一個(gè)單獨(dú)的subclade里。廣義剝管孔菌屬(Piptoporus sensu lato)的種類形成了3個(gè)subclades,分別是：牛舌孔菌(Buglossoporus)subclade、小剝管孔菌(Piptoporellus) subclade和樺剝管孔(Piptoporus betulinus) subclade;而剝管孔菌屬的模式種——樺剝管孔菌聚在了狹義擬層孔菌屬這個(gè)subclade里,因此,剝管孔菌屬被認(rèn)為是擬層孔菌屬的同物異名。基于上述研究建立了5個(gè)新屬：脆層孔菌屬Fragifomes、白孔層孔菌屬Niveoporofomes、粉紅層孔菌屬Rubellofomes、小剝管孔菌屬Piptoporellus和蹄迷孔菌屬Ungulidaedalea。發(fā)現(xiàn)9個(gè)新種：桉牛舌孔菌(Buglossoporus eucalypticola)、香腸孢迷孔菌(Daedalea allantoided)、灰擬層孔菌(Fomitopsis cand)、亞熱帶擬層孔菌(F.subtropical)、海南小剝管孔菌(Piptoporellus hainanensis)、三角小剝管孔菌(Ptriqueter)、似淺肉色紅層孔菌(Rhodofomes subfeei)、囊體粉紅層孔菌(Rubellofomes cystidiatus)和脆蹄迷孔菌(Ungulidaedalea fragilis)。發(fā)現(xiàn)1個(gè)新記錄種：灰紅層孔菌(Rhodofomes incarnatus)。建立9個(gè)新組合：樺擬層孔菌(Fomitopsis betulina= Piptoporus betlinus)、白邊脆層孔菌(Fragifomes niveomarginatus=Fomitopsis niveomarginata)、梭倫小剝管孔菌(Piptoporellus soloniensis=Piptoporus soloniensis)、粉紅層孔菌(Rhodofomes cajanderi=Fomitopsis cajanderi)、灰紅層孔菌(Rhodofomes incarnatus=Fomitopsis incarnata)、玫瑰紅層孔菌(Rhodofomes rosea=Fomitopsis rosea)、似淺肉色紅層孔菌(Rhodofomes subfeei=Fomitopsis subfeei)、囊體粉紅層孔菌(Rubellofomes cystidiatus=Fomitopsis cystidiata)和脆蹄迷孔菌(Ungulidaedalea fragilis=Fomitopsis fragilis)。本研究詳細(xì)地描述了中國(guó)24種擬層孔菌屬及其近緣屬真菌的宏觀形態(tài)、微觀形態(tài)、生境、分布等,并提供了子實(shí)體照片及顯微結(jié)構(gòu)圖。研究得出的主要結(jié)論如下：1.狹義擬層孔菌屬區(qū)別于其近緣屬的主要特征是：擔(dān)子果大部分無(wú)柄蓋形,木栓質(zhì)、韌質(zhì)至木質(zhì),子實(shí)層孔狀,菌肉白色至灰色或稻草色,菌絲系統(tǒng)二體系和擔(dān)孢子圓柱形至橢圓形。2.該類群最適合的屬間分類特征是：子實(shí)體的形狀與質(zhì)地、子實(shí)層形狀、菌肉顏色、菌絲結(jié)構(gòu)和擔(dān)孢子形狀；最適合的基因片段是：ITS和rpb2。3.生態(tài)習(xí)性,子實(shí)體的性狀(顏色、有無(wú)皮殼、皮層、環(huán)紋、環(huán)溝、絨毛等),孔口(形狀、大小),菌絲結(jié)構(gòu),骨架菌絲腔的寬窄,囊狀體,擬囊狀體,擔(dān)孢子形態(tài)(形狀、大小)等是非常重要的屬內(nèi)種間的區(qū)分特征。
[Abstract]:Fomitopsis (Fomitopsis) is a world wide distribution of porous bacteria group; the genus was established in late nineteenth Century, mainly caused by wood brown rot, in the forest ecosystem plays an important role in reducing degradation. Fomitopsis's relatives include daedalea (Daedalea) and stripping tube hole bacteria (Piptoporus). Fomitopsis since its establishment, the researchers have found many fungi of the genus and other species, some species of the genus are transferred to the genus, so the proposed classification characteristics Fomes is increasing. By previous phylogenetic studies found that the quasi Fomes and stripping tube hole genus is not monophyletic, and Fomitopsis and related genera and species genetic relationship is not clear. Therefore, to carry out Fomitopsis and related morphological and molecular system study has important theoretical meaning the meaning of this research. I mainly to the Beijing Forestry University and Institute of Microbiology team in Fomitopsis and related genera of fungi were studied in two aspects of morphological and phylogenetic collection of nearly 15 years. Phylogenetic studies using DNA encoding internal transcribed spacer (internal transcribed, spacer, ITS), nuclear ribosomal (large ribosomal subunit large subunit, nLSU), small ribosomal subunit (nuclear ribosomal small subunit, nSSU), mitochondrial small subunit (mitochondrial small, subunit, mtSSU), La (the translation elongation elongation factor factor, 1-A, TEFL) and RNA polymerase II second subunit (RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit, rpb2) gene sequences as molecular markers, using the maximum likelihood method (ML), maximum parsimony (MP) and Bias analysis method (BI method). Many molecular markers YTS+nLSU+rpb2 and ITS+nLSU+nSSU+mtSSU+tef 1+rpb2 phylogenetic studies show: Fomitopsis and related genera of fungi in Antrodia clade cluster, and the formation of multiple independent subclades. type generalized quasi Fomes formed 6 to support the high rate of subclades, namely: special fungus (Fomitopsis sensu stricto) subclade. Brittle layer hole bacteria (Fragifomes subclade), white hole fungus (Niveoporofomes) subclade, red fungus (Rhodofomes) subclade, the pink layer hole bacteria (Rubellofomes) and subclade shoe confragosa (Ungulidaedalea) type subclade. daedalea gathered in a single subclade. The generalized stripping pipe hole bacteria (Piptoporus sensu lato) the type of form 3 subclades, namely: (Buglossoporus) subclade beef tongue fungus, small hole pipe stripping bacteria (Piptoporellus) and subclade (Piptoporus betulinus birch pore) subclade; while stripping the pipe hole of the genus model For birch tube hole bacteria gathered in narrow Fomitopsis this subclade, therefore, stripping tube hole is considered to be the genus Fomitopsis synonym. The study established 5 new genera based on crisp Fomes Fragifomes, white hole Fomes Niveoporofomes. Rubellofomes pink Fomes, small pipe stripping Piptoporellus and hoof confragosa fungus genus Ungulidaedalea. found 9 species: Eucalyptus fungus (Buglossoporus eucalypticola) beef tongue sausage, spore confragosa (Daedalea allantoided), grey fungus (Fomitopsis cand), subtropical fungus (F.subtropical). Hainan small pipe stripping fungus (Piptoporellus hainanensis), a small triangular pipe stripping hole bacteria (Ptriqueter), a shallow color red fungus (Rhodofomes subfeei), the bursa body pink layer hole bacteria (Rubellofomes cystidiatus) and crisp hoof confragosa (Ungulidaedalea fragilis). The discovery of 1 new records Ash: red fungus (Rhodofomes Incarnatus). The establishment of 9 new combinations: birch fungus (Fomitopsis betulina= Piptoporus betlinus), white fungus (Fragifomes niveomarginatus=Fomitopsis crisp niveomarginata), Solon small pipe stripping fungus (Piptoporellus soloniensis=Piptoporus soloniensis), the pink layer hole bacteria (Rhodofomes cajanderi=Fomitopsis cajanderi), grey red layer hole bacteria (Rhodofomes incarnatus=Fomitopsis incarnata), Rose Bengal (Rhodofomes rosea=Fomitopsis fungus rosea), like a shallow color red fungus (Rhodofomes subfeei=Fomitopsis subfeei), the bursa body pink layer hole bacteria (Rubellofomes cystidiatus=Fomitopsis cystidiata) and crisp hoof confragosa (Ungulidaedalea fragilis=Fomitopsis fragilis). In this study, a detailed description of the Chinese 24 kinds of Fomitopsis and macroscopic morphology, microscopic morphology of the genus of fungi, habitat, The distribution, and provides the fruiting photos and microstructure. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. the narrow Fomitopsis differs from its relatives main character belongs to the basidioma most sessile cap, corky, tenacious to wood, hymenophore hole shaped, white fungus meat to gray or rice straw, hyphal system two system and basidiospore to cylindrical oval.2. the group the most suitable species classification is characterized in that the shape and texture of the fruiting bodies of hymenophore bacteria of meat color, shape, structure and shape of mycelium spores; gene fragment is the most suitable: ITS and rpb2.3. ecological habits. Fruiting traits (color, there is no hull, cortex, ring, ring groove, NAP), orifice (shape, size), width, hyphal structure, skeletal hyphae cavity cystidium, quasi cystidium, basidiospore morphology (shape, size) is a very important species the distinguishing features.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：Q949.32

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本文編號(hào)：1412038