本文關(guān)鍵詞：多物種減數(shù)分裂中基因轉(zhuǎn)換的研究　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：減數(shù)分裂中的基因轉(zhuǎn)換可以打破基因組中局部的連鎖不平衡,而且基因轉(zhuǎn)換中具有GC偏好性,這一效應(yīng)具有干擾檢驗(yàn)自然選擇的潛在可能,一直以來該效應(yīng)也用于解釋重組率與GC含量的正相關(guān)性。然而,這些效應(yīng)影響力的大小取決于基因轉(zhuǎn)換的頻率和GC偏好性的大小。由于對(duì)基因轉(zhuǎn)換的研究存在較大的技術(shù)難度,基因轉(zhuǎn)換的頻率和GC偏好性的大小現(xiàn)在都不明確。為了解決這些問題,在研究中我們對(duì)酵母、脈孢菌、衣藻和擬南芥的減數(shù)分裂產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行了大規(guī)模的全基因組測序。結(jié)果表明,基因轉(zhuǎn)換的頻率(被轉(zhuǎn)換堿基的比例)在不同物種中有超過三個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)的差異,在酵母中約有2%的堿基被轉(zhuǎn)換,而在衣藻和擬南芥中只有～0.005%的堿基被轉(zhuǎn)換。如此大的差異的原因之一是不同物種本身重組率就存在差異,該差異與染色體的數(shù)目有關(guān)。同時(shí),基因轉(zhuǎn)換的長度也是造成差異的原因之一�；蜣D(zhuǎn)換的長度在不同物種中有顯著差異,而且在CO-GC和NCO-GC間也有差異。我們?cè)谌齻�(gè)物種中檢測到了重組率與GC含量的正相關(guān)性,但是在所有的物種中都沒有檢測到基因轉(zhuǎn)換的GC偏向性。最后我們?cè)诿}孢菌中檢測到了兩個(gè)與重組事件緊密相關(guān)的序列模體,這是在哺乳類生物之外第一次檢測到如此顯著的序列模體。本研究證明了基因轉(zhuǎn)換的頻率在不同物種中存在很大差異,而且其GC偏好性很可能不是在所有物種中普遍存在的。
[Abstract]:Meiotic gene conversion can break the genome of local linkage disequilibrium, and gene conversion GC preference, this effect has the potential to interfere with the test of natural selection, since the effect is also used to explain the positive correlation between recombination rate and GC content. However, this effect depends on gene conversion the frequency of GC and preference of size. Because of the difficult technical research of gene transformation, gene conversion frequency and GC preference size are not clear. In order to solve these problems, in our study of yeast, Neurospora, Chlamydomonas and Arabidopsis meiosis cleavage products were whole genome sequencing large scale. The results showed that the gene conversion frequency (converted base ratio) in different species are more than three orders of magnitude difference in yeast, about 2% of the base was transferred Change, in Chlamydomonas and Arabidopsis only ~ 0.005% base conversion. One reason for such a great difference is there between different species recombination rate, the number of differences with the chromosome. At the same time, the length of gene conversion is one of the reasons causing the differences. There are significant differences among different species, gene conversion the length, but there are differences in CO-GC and NCO-GC. We got to the positive correlation between recombination rate and GC were detected in three species, but in all species are not detected by gene conversion GC bias. Finally we in Neurospora was detected in two and recombination events are closely related the motif, which is in addition to mammals first detected sequence motifs so significant. This study demonstrated that the gene conversion frequency in different species, and the preference is GC Can not be common in all species.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q75

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