本文關(guān)鍵詞：煙盲蝽及其近緣種的種群遺傳學(xué)研究　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 種群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu) 分子標(biāo)記 末次最大冰期后擴(kuò)張 煙盲蝽 波氏煙盲蝽

【摘要】：明確物種的種群動(dòng)態(tài)、遺傳多樣性和種群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu),是合理制定物種保護(hù)和管理策略的基礎(chǔ)。本研究以煙盲蝽Nesidiocoris tenuis及其近緣種為研究對(duì)象,系統(tǒng)地探究影響種群分布格局的因素。本文主要包括三部分：(1)煙盲蝽的種群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)和種群動(dòng)態(tài)研究;(2)波氏煙盲蝽Nesidiocoris poppiusi的種群現(xiàn)生分布格局分析；(3)快速鑒別煙盲蝽及其近緣種的分子方法。1.煙盲蝽是一種喜熱的雜食性盲蝽,也是農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的天敵昆蟲,在中國有著廣泛的分布。目前,對(duì)煙盲蝽的種群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)研究和古氣候影響鮮有報(bào)道。本研究中,我們采用3個(gè)線粒體基因片段(COI,ND2和CytB)以及核糖體分子標(biāo)記(5.8S,ITS2和28S),對(duì)中國范圍內(nèi)的37個(gè)地理種群共516個(gè)樣本展開種群遺傳學(xué)分析工作。結(jié)果顯示：(1)序列變異分析顯示,在串聯(lián)的線粒體基因片段(COI+ND2+CytB)中共檢測到130個(gè)單倍型,其中有6個(gè)單倍型(H1,H4,H6,H12,H13和H17)為大多數(shù)種群共享,102個(gè)是獨(dú)有單倍型。在核糖體rDNA-ITS2分子標(biāo)記分析中檢測到30個(gè)單倍型。(2)單倍型聚類分析結(jié)果顯示,單倍型共聚為三類。第一類單倍型高比例分布于中國西南地區(qū)的3個(gè)種群中；而在余下的34個(gè)種群中,則表現(xiàn)出以第二類單倍型為主,輔以少量或沒有第三類單倍型的分布狀態(tài)。(3)種群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)分析顯示,煙盲蝽的西南地區(qū)種群(SWC組)與余下的種群(OC組)形成顯著分化。在OC組中,我們檢測到長距離的不對(duì)稱遷移和高水平基因流。(4)中性檢測和錯(cuò)配分析的結(jié)果均顯示煙盲蝽在歷史上曾發(fā)生過種群擴(kuò)張�；趦煞N不同核苷酸突變速率的種群擴(kuò)張時(shí)間推斷分析結(jié)果顯示,煙盲蝽的種群擴(kuò)張發(fā)生在在末次最大冰期后,與許多喜溫物種的擴(kuò)張模型一致。更新世氣候波動(dòng),復(fù)雜的地理地勢,人為干涉因素和其他的生態(tài)因素(溫濕度等)的綜合作用形成了當(dāng)前煙盲蝽的種群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)。2.煙盲蝽的近緣種-—波氏煙盲蝽的種群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)也鮮有報(bào)道。本研究利用線粒體的COI基因片段,對(duì)全國范圍內(nèi)采集的波氏煙盲蝽地理種群展開遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)分析。結(jié)果顯示：(1)7個(gè)地理種群劃分為偏西地區(qū)組(We group)和偏東地區(qū)組(Ea group),兩組之間存在顯著的遺傳變異,且種群間遺傳變異的分量不容小覷。(2)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化分析也支持所有單倍型聚為兩類：第一類單倍型僅包含Nph9和Nph10兩個(gè)單倍型,只分布于中國偏西地區(qū)的4個(gè)種群中；而余下的9個(gè)單倍型則構(gòu)成了第二類單倍型,分布于中國偏東地區(qū)的3個(gè)種群中。(3)中性檢驗(yàn)分析和錯(cuò)配分布的結(jié)果均支持波氏煙盲蝽整體經(jīng)歷了種群擴(kuò)張。3.煙盲蝽和波氏煙盲蝽的體型、體色十分相近,極易混淆,本研究通過對(duì)兩種近緣種盲蝽的COI基因片段(國際認(rèn)可的DNA barcoding區(qū)域)進(jìn)行大規(guī)模地測序和遺傳距離計(jì)算,發(fā)現(xiàn)盲蝽種內(nèi)遺傳變異很小,而種間遺傳變異很大,超過了物種鑒定的最小種間遺傳距離(0.020)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)中介圖也支持傳統(tǒng)形態(tài)分類的結(jié)果,該分子標(biāo)記突破了傳統(tǒng)分類上只能采用雄性外生殖器進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)鑒定的局限性,建立了一種可快速鑒定煙盲蝽及其近緣種的分子方法。
[Abstract]:Clearly the species population dynamics, genetic diversity and population genetic structure, is the foundation to establish reasonable species protection and management strategy. In this study, n.tenuis Nesidiocoris tenuis and its relatives as the research object, systematically explore the influencing factors of population distribution pattern. This article mainly includes three parts: (1) n.tenuis. The population genetic structure and population dynamics research; (2) podbielniak n.tenuis Nesidiocoris poppiusi the population distribution pattern analysis; (3) the rapid identification of n.tenuis and molecular methods for species.1. n.tenuis is a hi hot omnivorous mirids, but also in the agriculture ecosystem of natural enemy insects that has a wide distribution in the China. At present, the research of n.tenuis population genetic structure and climate influence is rarely reported. In this study, we used 3 mitochondrial gene fragments (COI, ND2 and CytB) and molecular markers (5.8S, IT ribosome S2 and 28S), population genetics analysis. 37 populations of Chinese within the scope of a total of 516 samples showed that: (1) the sequence variation analysis showed that the mitochondrial gene fragments in series (COI+ND2+CytB) into 130 haplotypes, including 6 haplotypes (H1, H4, H6. H12, H13 and H17) share the majority of the population, 102 were unique haplotypes. 30 haplotypes were detected in the analysis of ribosomal rDNA-ITS2 molecular markers. (2) haplotype clustering analysis showed that the haplotypes into three classes. The first class was a high proportion of haplotypes distributed in 3 populations in southwest Chinese; and in 34 the rest of the population, showed second haplotypes, with little or no distribution of third kinds of haplotypes. (3) analysis showed that the genetic structure of the population, n.tenuis southwest population (group SWC) and the rest of the population (OC group) was formed Differentiation. In group OC, we detected asymmetric migration and high level long distance gene flow. (4) analysis of neutral detection and mismatch results showed that n.tenuis in history had a population expansion. Two population expansion time analysis results show that different nucleotide mutation rate based on population expansion n.tenuis occurred in the last glacial maximum, consistent with the expansion model of many thermophilic species. Pleistocene climatic fluctuations, complex geography, human interference factors and other ecological factors (temperature and humidity) the comprehensive effect is formed when former n.tenuis population genetic structure.2. n.tenuis. Relatives - wave's n.tenuis population genetic structure is rarely reported. This study used mitochondrial COI gene, on genetic structure analysis of the nationwide collection of Bordetella n.tenuis populations. The results showed: (1) 7 The geographic population is divided into west area group (We group) and East Group (Ea group), a significant genetic variation between the two groups, and the genetic variation among populations of components should not be underestimated. (2) phylogenetic analysis also supports all the haplotypes clustered into two categories: the first category haplotype contains only Nph9 and Nph10 two haplotypes, only distributed in 4 populations in the west region of Chinese; and 9 haplotypes remaining constitute the second kinds of haplotypes, distributed in 3 populations in East Chinese. (3) neutrality test and mismatch distribution analysis results support the wave's n.tenuis overall experienced population expansion.3. n.tenuis and podbielniak n.tenuis shape, color is very similar, easily confused, this study of two related COI gene fragments meyer-d (DNA barcoding regional international recognition) large-scale sequencing and genetic distance calculation, found that mirid species Genetic variation is very small, but the interspecific genetic variation, minimum interspecific genetic distance than species identification (0.020). The network also supports the traditional morphological classification of intermediate results, limitations of the molecular marker to break the traditional classification can be used for accurate identification of male genitalia, established a fast identification of n.tenuis and its relative molecular method.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：Q963

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