本文關鍵詞：基于分布式光纖應變和溫度傳感的光纖復合海底電纜狀態(tài)監(jiān)測方法研究　出處：《華北電力大學》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 光纖復合海底電纜 分布式光纖傳感技術 應變和溫度 機械故障 電氣故障 故障檢測和診斷

【摘要】：海底電纜是保證島嶼和海上石油平臺供電、海上風電場輸電的重要紐帶,實時獲取運行狀態(tài),確保其安全穩(wěn)定運行,對保障社會與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展意義重大。針對光纖復合海底電纜敷設環(huán)境特殊、狀態(tài)獲取困難的問題,本文提出利用分布式光纖應變和溫度傳感技術進行狀態(tài)監(jiān)測的方法,研究了監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)參數(shù)配置方法、應變和溫度區(qū)分的工程方法、海底電纜與光纖的應變和溫度關系建立方法、機械和電氣故障特征提取、檢測與診斷方法等內(nèi)容,旨在為海底電纜狀態(tài)監(jiān)測提供理論和技術支撐。本文主要研究成果如下：1.提出了針對測量精度和實時性的系統(tǒng)參數(shù)綜合配置方法,建立了系統(tǒng)參數(shù)與測量精度和實時性的關系方程；提出了優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)OTDR的傳感光路關鍵點定位方法,利用BOTDR測量的光纖布里淵頻移實現(xiàn)了光路連接點和特征點的準確定位；提出了利用金屬管線性熱膨脹特性進行光纖布里淵散射應變和溫度系數(shù)同時標定的新方法。2.提出了利用試探法確定布里淵譜峰功率初始值,利用歸一化法克服傳感系統(tǒng)中乘性噪聲導致的測量誤差,利用譜寬變化消除應變和溫度突變點處譜峰功率異常峰值等方法,根據(jù)BOTDR測量的布里淵頻移和譜峰功率實現(xiàn)了光纖應變和溫度的區(qū)分測量；另外,利用單模光纖ROTDR僅對溫度敏感的特性補償布里淵頻移對應變和溫度的交叉敏感,實現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)場光纖復合海底電纜中單模光纖應變和溫度的區(qū)分測量；最終解決了監(jiān)測現(xiàn)場傳感光纖應變和溫度無法區(qū)分測量的難題。3.對海底電纜卷繞、直線拉伸和張力彎曲等常見機械試驗進行了理論分析,建立了直線拉伸時海底電纜與光纖的應變關系方程；構建了直線拉伸的有限元模型,進行了實體試驗,求解與試驗結果證明了所建方程的正確性；基于溫度場理論,構建了海底電纜穩(wěn)態(tài)和暫態(tài)熱路模型,建立了不包含環(huán)境熱阻、熱容和溫度的海底電纜與光纖的溫度關系方程；利用有限元法建立了海底電纜、光纖及周圍環(huán)境的穩(wěn)態(tài)熱力學模型,并建立了三者的溫度關系,已知任意兩個變量的溫度即可求出第三個變量的溫度；提出了利用傳感光纖應變和溫度計算海底電纜應變和溫度的方法,為纜體應變和溫度信息的獲取提供了理論支持。4.建立了錨砸和鉤掛的動力學有限元模型及接地短路和漏電的有限元電熱耦合模型,提取了故障發(fā)生后的應變和溫度分布數(shù)據(jù),得出了不同故障時應變和溫度的空間分布與時間變化特征,克服了實體試驗實施難度大、數(shù)據(jù)提取困難的難題,為故障檢測和診斷提供了有效的數(shù)據(jù)支持。5.提出了基于分布式光纖應變和溫度分布的海底電纜故障檢測和診斷方法。利用歸一化方法消除了系統(tǒng)噪聲和環(huán)境溫度對故障檢測的影響,結合超閾值數(shù)據(jù)點個數(shù)和連續(xù)超閾值次數(shù)進行故障檢測和報警,降低了誤報率；利用二階八尺度coif小波對奇異點敏感的特點準確發(fā)現(xiàn)故障位置,利用時頻多分辨特點準確判斷故障類型,為工程應用提供了有效可行的方法。
[Abstract]:Submarine cable is to ensure the supply of islands and offshore oil platform, an important link of offshore wind power transmission, real-time operation state, to ensure the safe and stable operation, to ensure the great significance of social and economic development. In view of the fiber composite submarine cable laying special environment, difficult problem of state acquisition, this paper puts forward a new method of condition monitoring using distributed optical fiber strain and temperature sensing technology on the monitoring system parameter configuration method, engineering method of strain and temperature sensitive, establishing method of submarine cable and optical fiber strain and temperature, mechanical and electrical fault feature extraction, content detection and diagnosis methods, in order to provide theoretical and technical support for the submarine cable condition monitoring. The main research results of this paper are as follows: 1. we propose the comprehensive configuration method of system parameter measurement precision and real-time measurement, and establish the system parameters The relationship between quantity equation accuracy and real-time point positioning method is proposed; the key sensing optical path is superior to the traditional OTDR, shift to realize the accurate positioning of optical connection points and feature points using the optical fiber Brillouin frequency BOTDR measurement is proposed by using metal tube; new method of linear thermal expansion characteristics and calibration of optical fiber Brillouin scattering of strain and temperature the coefficient of.2. is proposed by using heuristics to determine the Brillouin spectrum peak power initial value, overcome the measurement error caused by the multiplicative noise sensing system using normalization method, the spectral width change eliminates the strain and temperature discontinuity point of peak power abnormal peak method based on Brillouin frequency shift and BOTDR measurement peak power can be distinguished the measurement of optical fiber strain and temperature; in addition, the use of single mode fiber ROTDR only on the characteristics of Brillouin frequency shift compensation temperature sensitive cross sensitivity of strain and temperature, solid The simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature field of single-mode fiber optical fiber composite cable in the final settlement; field monitoring of optical fiber strain sensor and temperature measurement cannot distinguish the problem of.3. winding of submarine cable line, stretching and bending of common mechanical test were analyzed, strain relationship of submarine cable and fiber established line stretching when; constructed the finite element model of linear stretching, physical test, the correctness of the calculation and test results show that the mathematical equation; temperature field based on the theory of construction of the submarine cable steady and transient thermal circuit model is established, including environmental resistance, submarine cable and optical fiber temperature equation between heat capacity and temperature the establishment of the submarine cable; using the finite element method, the fiber and the surrounding environment and the establishment of a steady-state thermodynamic model, the temperature of the relationship between the three, any two known The temperature can be variable for each of third variable temperature; calculation method is put forward by submarine cable strain and temperature sensing fiber strain and temperature, provides electric coupling finite element model theory support.4. established a dynamic finite element model of anchor smash and hook and grounding short circuit and leakage for cable body strain and temperature information, extracting the fault occurred after the strain and temperature distribution data, obtains the varying characteristics of the spatial distribution of strain and temperature and time of different faults, overcome the entity test implementation is difficult, the difficulty of data extraction, provides effective data support.5. proposed distributed optical fiber strain and cable fault the temperature distribution of the detection and diagnosis method based on fault detection and diagnosis. To eliminate the influence of system noise and environmental temperature on the fault detection using the normalization method, combined with super The threshold number of data points and the number of continuous super threshold fault detection and alarm, reduce the rate of false positives; using two order eight scale coif wavelet for singularity sensitive characteristics accurately detect the fault location, using time-frequency multiresolution characteristics accurately determine the fault type, the method is effective and feasible to provide for engineering application.

【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P756.1;P715.5

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