本文關(guān)鍵詞：四種金屬氧化物納米顆粒對農(nóng)業(yè)土壤微生物的毒性研究　出處：《北京科技大學》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 納米顆粒 土壤微生物 毒性機制 微量熱

【摘要】：納米顆粒是至少在一個方向上粒徑尺寸在1-100 nm的微小粒子,尤其是指以工程應(yīng)用為目的或者人工合成的微小顆粒,其在二十一世紀將對世界經(jīng)濟,工業(yè)和人民生活等廣闊領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生非常顯著的影響。認識納米顆粒的環(huán)境行為和生態(tài)毒性,評估其對生態(tài)環(huán)境和人類健康的潛在危害,特別是其在環(huán)境中遷移、轉(zhuǎn)化、富集、吸收的作用機制,是開發(fā)和使用納米產(chǎn)品的基本前提。土壤熱量代謝,功能細菌和酶活力是評價納米顆粒在農(nóng)業(yè)土壤中的毒性研究是一種成功的組合,納米顆粒在土壤中的毒性能夠被測定和評估,是一種高通量的納米顆粒毒性篩選方法。本研究選擇四種金屬氧化物納米顆粒(ZnO、SiO_2、TiO_2、CeO_2)、通過土壤微生物的熱量代謝、功能微生物的豐度和植物的生理狀況的變化來研究納米顆粒的環(huán)境行為,主要有以下四個方面：1、相同濃度1 mg kg~(-1)的ZnO、SiO_2、TiO_2和CeO_2納米顆粒進入土壤后所產(chǎn)生的毒性因種類有很大的差異,土壤微生物熱量代謝結(jié)果顯示ZnO和CeO_2納米顆粒表現(xiàn)出明顯的抑制土壤微生物活力作用,TiO_2次之和SiO_2不明顯。根據(jù)四種納米顆粒的微量熱參數(shù)P_(max)和κ值,可列出其毒性大小順序為：ZnO CeO_2 TiO_2 SiO_2,總體上看ZnO對土壤微生物的毒性較大,SiO_2可認為基本沒有毒性。2、評價了ZnO和CeO_2納米顆粒在農(nóng)業(yè)土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的劑量效應(yīng)。根據(jù)土壤微生物的總放熱量計算得出ZnO和CeO_2納米顆粒對農(nóng)業(yè)土壤的微生物活力的EC_(50)分別為103.19 mgkg~(-1)和518.49mgkg~(-1)。這為今后應(yīng)用兩種納米顆粒于農(nóng)藥或殺蟲劑中提供了參考數(shù)據(jù)。3、檢測了不同粒徑(9 nm、12 nm、40 nm)與不同濃度(10mgkg~(-1)、25 mgkg~(-1)、50mg kg~(-1))的SiO_2納米顆粒對土壤的與劑量效應(yīng),結(jié)果表明SiO_2納米顆粒對土壤微生物呈現(xiàn)劑量的刺激相應(yīng),證實SiO_2納米顆粒能夠提高土壤微生物的代謝能力,不具有毒性效應(yīng)。4、比較了四種金屬氧化物納米顆粒對小麥生理狀態(tài)影響。結(jié)果顯示ZnO和CeO_2兩種納米顆粒對葉片光合作用和生長狀況抑制作用較明顯,TiO_2和SiO_2與對照組相比沒有抑制效應(yīng)；納米顆粒的植物毒性大小與釋放于溶液中的金屬離子種類和數(shù)量有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:The nanoparticle is in at least one direction size in 1-100 nm micro particles, especially tiny particles or synthetic objective for engineering application, which will be on the world economy in twenty-first Century, industrial and living fields such as have a very significant impact. The toxicity of environmental behavior and ecological awareness of nanoparticles the assessment of the ecological environment and human health hazards, especially in the environment of migration, conversion, enrichment, absorption mechanism, is the basic premise of the development and use of nano products. The soil heat metabolism, functional bacteria and enzyme activity is the toxicity of nanoparticles in the evaluation of agricultural soils is a the success of the combined toxicity of nano particles in the soil can be measured and evaluated screening nanoparticle toxicity of a high-throughput method. This study selected four kinds of metal oxide nanoparticles (ZnO, SiO_2, TiO_2, CeO_2), the energy metabolism of soil microbes, environmental behavior changes in microbial abundance and physiological status of plants to study the nano particles, mainly in the following four aspects: 1, the same concentration of 1 mg kg~ (-1) ZnO, SiO_2, TiO_2 and CeO_2 nanoparticles produced after entering into the soil particle toxicity due to species have different soil microbial metabolic heat, the results showed that ZnO and CeO_2 nanoparticles showed significant inhibition of soil microbial activity, followed by TiO_2 and SiO_2 is not obvious. According to the trace thermal parameters P_ four nanoparticles (max) and kappa value, can list the toxicity order: ZnO CeO_2 TiO_2 SiO_2, on the whole the toxicity of ZnO on soil microorganisms is large, SiO_2 is considered to be no toxic.2, to evaluate the dose effect of ZnO and CeO_2 nanoparticles in the ecological system of agricultural soils according to soil microbial. The total heat release were calculated ZnO and microbial activity of CeO_2 nanoparticles on agricultural soil EC_ (50) were 103.19 mgkg~ (-1) and 518.49mgkg~ (-1). This provides reference data for the future application of.3 two nano particles in pesticides or insecticides in different particle sizes (9 nm, detection 12 nm, 40 nm) with different concentrations (10mgkg~ (-1), 25 mgkg~ (-1), 50mg kg~ (-1)) SiO_2 nano particles on the soil and dose effect, the results show that the SiO_2 nanoparticles showed a dose of soil microbial stimulation, confirmed that SiO_2 nanoparticles can improve the metabolic ability of soil microorganisms that does not have toxic effects of.4, the effect of four kinds of metal oxide nanoparticles on the physiological state of wheat were compared. The results showed that ZnO and CeO_2 two nano particles on the photosynthesis and growth of leaves of inhibition is more obvious, TiO_2 and SiO_2 compared with the control group had no inhibitory effect The phytotoxicity of nanoscale particles is related to the type and quantity of metal ions released in the solution.

【學位授予單位】：北京科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X171.5

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