本文關(guān)鍵詞：異翅亞目昆蟲比較線粒體基因組學(xué)及系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系研究　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 異翅亞目 線粒體基因組 比較基因組學(xué) 系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系 混合異質(zhì)性模型

【摘要】：異翅亞目Heteroptera隸屬于昆蟲綱Insecta半翅目Hemiptera,現(xiàn)生類群分為7個次目近80個科,已知物種40,000余種,包括很多重要農(nóng)林害蟲、病媒昆蟲及天敵。其高級階元的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系長期存在爭議,特別是奇蝽、鞭蝽、黽蝽、蝎蝽、細蝽的分類地位,此外,臭蟲次目的單系性也一直存在疑問。昆蟲線粒體基因組被廣泛地應(yīng)用于系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系、種群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)等研究,但目前利用線粒體基因組數(shù)據(jù)進行異翅亞目系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系研究仍存在諸多問題,如研究結(jié)果易受到線粒體基因組堿基組成及進化速率異質(zhì)性的影響,分析模型選擇不當會產(chǎn)生系統(tǒng)誤差,某些類群如鞭蝽次目、奇蝽次目、細蝽次目的線粒體基因組數(shù)據(jù)缺乏。本研究針對這些問題,進一步擴大物種的取樣,共測定了異翅亞目5次目15科30種昆蟲的線粒體全基因組,重點補充了奇蝽次目、細蝽次目等類群的數(shù)據(jù)。對共130種異翅亞目昆蟲線粒體基因組的堿基組成、進化速率、重排現(xiàn)象等進行比較分析,主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)異翅亞目昆蟲線粒體基因組的堿基組成及進化速率均存在顯著的異質(zhì)性:網(wǎng)蝽科、黽蝽次目、鞭蝽次目和奇蝽次目的線粒體基因組具有較高的AT含量和進化速率,而獵蝽科、細蝽次目、蝎蝽次目的AT含量及進化速率均較低。(2)在異翅亞目7科19種中共發(fā)現(xiàn)7種類型的基因重排。其中,奇蝽次目5種均發(fā)生相同的ND4L基因下游的基因洗牌,呈現(xiàn)出基因組加速重排趨勢。在櫛蝽科、獵蝽科、扁蝽科、紅蝽總科的重排僅涉及RNA基因。針對異翅亞目昆蟲線粒體基因組堿基組成與進化速率高度異質(zhì)性的特點,本研究比較分析了同質(zhì)性模型和異質(zhì)性模型下兩種數(shù)據(jù)集的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系,得到的結(jié)果如下:(1)在同質(zhì)性模型下,會產(chǎn)生系統(tǒng)誤差:高AT含量和高進化速率的網(wǎng)蝽科與奇蝽次目、黽蝽次目、鞭蝽次目總聚為一支;而AT含量較低且進化速率較低的獵蝽科總與細蝽次目、蝎蝽次目構(gòu)成姐妹群關(guān)系。(2)混合異質(zhì)性模型下,能有效消除或降低系統(tǒng)誤差,得到的異翅亞目昆蟲的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系為:(黽蝽次目,鞭蝽次目,奇蝽次目)+(蝎蝽次目+(細蝽次目+(獵蝽科+(臭蟲次目+蝽次目))))。我們的研究表明,利用線粒體基因組數(shù)據(jù)解決系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系問題時,必須要檢測數(shù)據(jù)集的堿基組成以及進化速率異質(zhì)性等可能會造成系統(tǒng)誤差的因素;今后在異翅亞目昆蟲高級階元系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系的研究中要更注重增加細蝽、奇蝽、鞭蝽等類群的取樣量。
[Abstract]:Heteroptera belongs to Hemiptera, Insecta. The present taxa is divided into 7 suborders, about 80 families and more than 40,000 species. The phylogenetic relationship of the higher rank of insect and natural enemies has long been controversial, especially the taxonomic status of stink bug, whip bug, strider bug, scorpion bug and fine bug. The monotropism of bedbugs has also been questioned. The mitochondrial genome of insects has been widely used in phylogenetic relationships and population genetic structure. However, there are still many problems in studying the phylogenetic relationship of Heteroptera using mitochondrial genome data. For example, the results are easily influenced by the heterogeneity of the base composition and evolution rate of the mitochondrial genome. Improper selection of the analysis model will lead to systematic errors, and some groups such as the suborder of Verbena, the suborder of oddbugs and the lack of mitochondrial genome data of the suborder are lacking. This study aims at these problems, and further expands the sampling of species. The mitochondrial genome of 30 species of 30 species belonging to 15 families of 5 orders of Heteroptera was determined. A comparative analysis of the base composition, evolution rate and rearrangement of the mitochondrial genome of 130 species of Heteroptera was carried out. The main results are as follows: (1) there are significant heterogeneity in the composition and evolution rate of mitochondrial genome of Heteroptera: Pentatomidae, strider bug suborder. The Mitochondrial genomes of the order Paridophylla and the Stranglidae have higher AT content and evolution rate, while the order Pentatomidae is the second order of the order Pentatomidae. The AT content and evolution rate of Scorpio are both low. 2) A total of 7 types of gene rearrangements were found in 19 species of 7 families of Heteroptera. The gene shuffling downstream of ND4L gene occurred in 5 species of Miridae, showing a trend of accelerated genome rearrangement, which was found in Pentatomidae, Pentatomidae, Pentatomidae and Pentatomidae. The rearrangement of the family Rhizopteridae involves only RNA genes, and aims at the high heterogeneity of the composition and evolution rate of the mitochondrial genome of Heteropteris. In this study, the phylogenetic relationships of the two data sets under homogeneity model and heterogeneity model are compared and analyzed. The results are as follows: 1) under homogeneity model. There are systematic errors: high AT content and high rate of evolution of Pentatomidae and Miridae, strider bug suborder, vermilion suborder total cluster into one; However, under the mixed heterogeneity model of the lower AT content and lower evolution rate, the system error can be effectively eliminated or reduced under the mixed heterogeneity model of Pentatomidae and suborders of Pentatomidae and suborder Sister. The phylogenetic relationships of Heteroptera are as follows: 1. The suborder of Scorpio (Pentatomidae). Our research shows that the phylogenetic problems can be solved by using mitochondrial genome data. The base composition of the data set and the heterogeneity of the evolution rate must be detected, which may cause the systematic error. In the future, more attention should be paid to increasing the sampling amount of stink bug, odd bug and vermin in the study of the phylogenetic relationship of the higher order of Heteroptera.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q963

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