本文關(guān)鍵詞：容積脈搏成像特征提取方法研究及在生理信號(hào)檢測(cè)的應(yīng)用　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 容積脈搏成像 特征提取 心率 脈搏波傳導(dǎo)時(shí)間 血氧飽和度

【摘要】：脈搏波蘊(yùn)藏了豐富生命信息。通過(guò)對(duì)脈搏波的形態(tài)、強(qiáng)度、速度和節(jié)律的分析,可以獲得生理和病理特征。在環(huán)境光條件下使用攝像頭能提取容積脈搏波,它是借助容積脈搏成像(Photoplethysmographic imaging,PPGi)檢測(cè)血液容積變化的方法,通過(guò)計(jì)算PPGi圖像像素均值使二維信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)化為一維信號(hào)可以獲得容積脈搏波。日益普及帶有攝像頭智能手機(jī)和移動(dòng)式個(gè)人終端設(shè)備提供了一個(gè)低成本和泛在式的健康感知平臺(tái),人們可以在非醫(yī)院、非約束的環(huán)境下使用移動(dòng)終端設(shè)備長(zhǎng)時(shí)間實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)地評(píng)估個(gè)人的健康狀況,達(dá)到對(duì)疾病的早期預(yù)警、早期預(yù)防、早期發(fā)現(xiàn)、早期診斷和早期治療的目的�？梢灶A(yù)料,受智能終端設(shè)備巨大市場(chǎng)潛力的驅(qū)動(dòng),PPGi檢測(cè)生理信息的應(yīng)用前景廣大,它對(duì)移動(dòng)醫(yī)療的推廣和普及具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,可以稱之為泛在式生命體征檢測(cè)的一個(gè)新方法。然而由于PPGi受到光照環(huán)境、攝像頭對(duì)光的敏感度、低采樣率和運(yùn)動(dòng)偽跡等因素的限制,目前PPGi的應(yīng)用僅僅局限于心率和呼吸率的檢測(cè)。基于以上問(wèn)題,本文首先針對(duì)在不同光照環(huán)境下PPGi特征進(jìn)行深入分析,然后開(kāi)發(fā)基于PPGi的容積脈搏波特征點(diǎn)提取方法,最后提出基于PPGi的心率、脈搏波傳導(dǎo)時(shí)間(Pulse Transit Time,PTT)和血氧飽和度(Blood Oxygen Saturation,Sp O2)檢測(cè)方法。本文開(kāi)展以下幾項(xiàng)研究:(1)研究在不同光照環(huán)境下PPGi的特征。光源波長(zhǎng)和攝像頭對(duì)PPGi有著重要的影響,實(shí)驗(yàn)分別使用不同波長(zhǎng)光和光強(qiáng)作為照明光評(píng)估基于PPGi特征。研究結(jié)果表明:不同波長(zhǎng)光下基于PPGi計(jì)算的心率與金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指當(dāng)前臨床醫(yī)學(xué)界公認(rèn)的診斷疾病的最可靠、最準(zhǔn)確、最好的診斷方法)心率具有良好的一致性,僅僅在470nm、490nm、505nm、585nm、600nm、610nm、625nm、660nm波長(zhǎng)光和白光作為照明光下,基于PPGi的容積脈搏波與金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)PPG信號(hào)波形具有良好的相關(guān)性;在600nm、610nm、625nm、660nm波長(zhǎng)光和白光作為照明光下,隨著光強(qiáng)增加,基于PPGi的容積脈搏波直流強(qiáng)度增加,但是交流強(qiáng)度有一個(gè)增加到下降的趨勢(shì)。這些結(jié)果表明照明光的波長(zhǎng)不會(huì)影響到PPGi計(jì)算心率,而照明光的波長(zhǎng)和光的強(qiáng)度會(huì)影響PPGi的特征,為深入挖掘基于PPGi的生理信息檢測(cè)提供理論基礎(chǔ)。(2)研究基于PPGi的容積脈搏波特征點(diǎn)提取方法。針對(duì)基于PPGi的容積脈搏波具有基線漂移較大、采樣率低及分光現(xiàn)象等問(wèn)題,提出基于PPGi的容積脈搏波特征點(diǎn)提取方法:提出使用重排平滑偽Wigner-Ville分布方法計(jì)算基于PPGi的容積脈搏波交流和直流強(qiáng)度;提出“自適應(yīng)二次曲線門限”方法檢測(cè)基于PPGi的容積脈搏波峰和波谷;提出“二次曲線擬合”方法提高基于PPGi的容積脈搏波峰和波谷檢測(cè)準(zhǔn)確度;提出“自適應(yīng)區(qū)域變化”方法消除PPGi分光現(xiàn)象。通過(guò)計(jì)算基于PPGi的多個(gè)體表部位(手指端和太陽(yáng)穴)心率和PTT,驗(yàn)證此方法可以提高基于PPGi的容積脈搏波特征點(diǎn)檢測(cè)精度。(3)研究基于PPGi的心率檢測(cè)方法。首先評(píng)估基于PPGi的計(jì)算心率作為人臉區(qū)域特征的可行性;然后基于此原理,從臉部提取PPGi作為獨(dú)特的特征,區(qū)分人臉顏色相似背景環(huán)境中的人臉輪廓。使用相鄰4像素方法加強(qiáng)人臉區(qū)域可靠性,使用羅伯特算子創(chuàng)建臉部形狀區(qū)域。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明基于PPGi的人臉檢測(cè)方法可以提高復(fù)雜和具有相似背景場(chǎng)景下人臉檢測(cè)的魯棒性。(4)研究基于PPGi的Sp O2檢測(cè)方法。首先在已分析不同波長(zhǎng)光下基于PPGi的容積脈搏波特征的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇660nm和800nm波長(zhǎng)光作為照明光,同時(shí)提取人體右手食指端與右手大拇指端的PPGi;然后在已建立基于PPGi的容積脈搏波特征點(diǎn)提取方法的基礎(chǔ)上,獲得基于PPGi的容積脈搏波特征點(diǎn)的交流和直流強(qiáng)度,并計(jì)算SpO2。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,與金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Sp O2比較,95%的置信區(qū)間分布范圍達(dá)到?%2,體現(xiàn)良好的一致性。
[Abstract]:The pulse wave contains the abundant life information. Based on the pulse wave shape, intensity, speed and rhythm analysis, can get the physiological and pathological characteristics. Using the camera under ambient light conditions can extract pulse wave, it is through the use of volume pulse imaging (Photoplethysmographic imaging PPGi) method for detection of blood volume changes, through calculation PPGi image pixel average the two-dimensional signal into a one-dimensional signal can obtain volume pulse wave. The growing popularity of smart mobile phone with a camera and personal mobile terminal equipment to provide a low cost and ubiquitous health perception platform, people can not in the hospital, to evaluate the personal health status using the real-time dynamic mobile terminal equipment long time the non restraint environment, to achieve early warning of the disease, early prevention, early detection, early diagnosis and treatment purposes. It can be expected that by Driving intelligent terminal equipment huge market potential and application prospect of PPGi detection of physiological information is vast, it has important practical significance for the promotion and popularization of mobile medical, can be called the pan in a new method of vital signs detection. However due to the PPGi by the light environment, the sensitivity of the low light camera. The sampling rate and motion artifacts and other factors, the current PPGi application only to detect the heart rate and respiratory rate. Based on the above problems, this paper firstly according to the PPGi characteristics in different light environment in-depth analysis, and then develops a method for extracting feature points of pulse wave based on PPGi, and finally puts forward the PPGi based on the heart rate. Pulse transit time (Pulse Transit, Time, PTT) and oxygen saturation (Blood Oxygen Saturation, Sp O2) detection method. This paper carried out the following research: (1) study in different light environments PPGi The wavelength of light source and camera features. Has an important influence on the PPGi, experiments were made using different wavelengths of light intensity and light for evaluation based on the characteristics of PPGi. The results show that the PPGi calculation of the heart rate and the gold standard based on different wavelengths of light (the gold standard to diagnose diseases of current clinical medical profession recognized the most reliable, most accurate the best diagnostic method, heart rate) has good consistency, only in 470nm, 490nm, 505nm, 585nm, 600nm, 610nm, 625nm, 660nm wavelength and white light for PPGi, the volume pulse wave with the gold standard PPG signal waveform has a good correlation based in 600nm, 610nm, 625nm; 660nm. Wavelength and white light for, with the increase of light intensity, the increase of volume pulse wave DC intensity based on PPGi, but the exchange strength there is an increase to a downward trend. These results show that the wavelength of the illumination light does not affect PPGi to calculating the heart rate, and the light intensity of the light wavelength and light will affect the characteristics of PPGi, and provide a theoretical basis for further mining the physiological information detection based on PPGi. (2) research on pulse wave feature extraction method based on PPGi. Based on the PPGi volume pulse wave with base line drift is large, low sampling rate and the problem of optical phenomena, extraction method of volume pulse wave feature points based on PPGi put forward the pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution calculation for PPGi volume pulse wave AC and DC strength based on the use of rearrangement smoothing; put forward "two curve adaptive detection threshold method PPGi volume pulse peak and trough based on the proposed" two curve fitting; "the way to improve the PPGi volume pulse peak and trough detection based on accuracy; put forward the" adaptive regional change "method to eliminate PPGi light phenomenon. By calculating the individual based on PPGi Table parts (finger and temple) and heart rate PTT, verify that this method can improve the volume pulse wave feature point detection accuracy based on PPGi. (3) research on heart rate detection method based on PPGi. Firstly, based on PPGi evaluation and calculation of heart rate as a regional feasibility of facial features; then based on the principle of extracting PPGi from the face as a unique the characteristics of face contour distinguish face similar color background. Using 4 adjacent pixels method to strengthen the face region reliability, using the Robert operator to create the shape of the face region. The experimental results show that the face detection method based on PPGi can improve the complexity and robustness of face detection with similar background scenes. (4) Sp O2 detection method based on PPGi. Firstly, based on the characteristics of pulse wave on PPGi has been analyzed under different wavelengths of light, 660nm and 800nm wavelength as the light, at the same time Extraction of human finger end with the thumb of the right hand side of the PPGi; and has been established in the volume pulse wave extraction method based on feature points based on PPGi, obtain the volume pulse wave characteristics of PPGi AC and DC based on strength calculation and experimental results show that the SpO2. Sp O2 and the gold standard comparison, 95% confidence interval the distribution range of up to?%2, reflect the good consistency.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TN911.23;R318

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