本文關鍵詞：鶯瓊盆地中深層地震數據精確成像方法　出處：《吉林大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 寬方位采集 復雜介質 層析成像 速度建模 射線束 疊前深度偏移

【摘要】：鶯瓊盆地崎嶇海底及中深層地質條件復雜,中深部存在多套超低速層和異常高壓,而且地層垂向裂隙發(fā)育等,諸多因素造成中深層地震資料采集的低信噪比、準確的速度建模很困難,精確的構造成像和保真成像難以實現,嚴重地影響著鶯瓊盆地的油氣勘探效果。針對鶯瓊盆地油氣勘探面臨的上述成像方面的挑戰(zhàn),本論文首先分析了鶯瓊盆地油氣勘探遇到的關鍵的地震地質問題。指出在理論上必須從數據、速度建模成像一體化的思路出發(fā),提出新的方法理論,在應用上則需要立足于高質量的采集,開發(fā)面對該探區(qū)有特色的成像和速度估計方法才能有效解決該探區(qū)的問題�；诖�,在觀測系統(tǒng)設計方面,提出了面向目的層成像效果的觀測系統(tǒng)優(yōu)選方案。針對鶯瓊盆地某工區(qū)三維地震地質模型,基于不同類型觀測系統(tǒng)下的目的層三維射線追蹤模擬偏移振幅照明分析,優(yōu)選出滿足提高鶯瓊盆地中深層地震數據精確成像要求的全方位觀測系統(tǒng)類型。在成像方法方面,提出了聚束理論下射線束成像方法。首先在數據分解上引入基于反演的局部平面波合成,改進了傳統(tǒng)射線束傳播的寬度控制,并發(fā)展到TI介質和吸收衰減介質,最后形成了一種基于弱信號保護的特色射線束成像方法。在速度估計方面,提出基于簡化高斯束敏感核函數的射線束層析方法。具體包括優(yōu)化了高斯束初值的選擇和引入菲涅爾帶確定核函數寬度。結合射線束角度域成像和層析,論文提出了鶯瓊盆地以射線束角度道集輸出和射線束層析為核心的速度估計流程,并成功應用于實際資料。論文通過在采集系統(tǒng)設計,成像和速度估計方面進行研究,提出了針對該探區(qū)的一套采集和成像處理流程。在具體的章節(jié)中,第一章主要是介紹了本文的研究背景和意義,并分析了當前國內外在成像和速度估計方面的研究進展,指出了本文研究思路和主要研究內容。第二章主要是從采集和處理方面分析鶯歌海地區(qū)的地震地質問題,并結合當前地震勘探主流的成像和速度估計方法特點,探索了該探區(qū)中深層勘探適用的技術流程。第三章主要從目的層深度、AVO分析、動校正拉伸、速度分析解讀以及反射系數穩(wěn)定性等因數論證了工區(qū)三維采集的電纜長度,重點針對鶯瓊盆地中深層高精度地震成像對于數據采集的要求,在對不同類型采集觀測系統(tǒng)幾何參數進行分析對比基礎上,選取鶯瓊盆地某工區(qū)三維地震地質模型,基于射線追蹤模擬偏移振幅照明分析手段對海上拖纜NAZ、MAZ、WAZ、RAZ以及FAZ五種觀測系統(tǒng)進行對比分析,優(yōu)選出適合瓊盆地中深層高精度地震勘探要求的全方位觀測系統(tǒng)類型,該觀測系統(tǒng)在目的層上的照明能量的連續(xù)性和均勻性最好,能夠有效地改善陰影區(qū)的照明效果,是一種滿足提高鶯瓊盆地中深層地震數據精確成像要求的理想觀測系統(tǒng)。第四章針對鶯瓊盆地中深層地震信號較弱的基本特點,提出聚束理論下的射線束成像方法,即在聚束理論框架下提出基于反演進行射線束合成,基于簡化的高斯束傳播算子進行寬度可控的射線束傳播和成像。同時開發(fā)相關代碼形成了相應的處理軟件模塊,應用于實際資料處理,對弱信號模糊區(qū)成像效果改善明顯。第五章為了適應中深層復雜介質成像的要求,發(fā)展了各向異性介質和吸收衰減介質中的聚束成像方法技術,各向異性成像方面提出基于相速度的旅行時計算方法,吸收衰減介質成像方面引入多尺度Gabor(MGT)變化進行有效的相位和振幅補償。模型測試和實際資料測試證明本章方法在鶯歌海探區(qū)中深層天然氣浸染區(qū)域中吸收衰減補償地震波成像的有效性。第六章提出基于簡化高斯束敏感核函數的射線束層析方法,發(fā)展了射線束層析速度反演技術。具體分析了層析速度反演中的關鍵問題和局限性,優(yōu)化了高斯束初值的選擇和引入菲涅爾帶確定核函數寬度。結合射線束角度道集輸出,提出了角度域射線束層析速度反演和建模的技術路線并討論了具體實現中的問題,并成功應用于靶區(qū)實際資料處理,效果明顯。最后一章是對全文的總結和討論了論文研究內容相關的后續(xù)研究工作。本論文針對我國鶯歌海海洋深水區(qū)中深層地震資料成像問題,從采集開始到速度建模及復雜介質成像提出了一套有效的技術流程,在實際數據測試過程中完善了其中涉及的若干關鍵技術。該技術流程的應用提高了中深層成像的精度,為目標探區(qū)的后續(xù)開發(fā)提供了有效的技術支撐。
[Abstract]:Yingqiong basin and deep rough sea in complex geological conditions, deep have multiple sets of ultra low velocity layer and abnormal high pressure, and the vertical cracks, caused by many factors in the deep seismic data acquisition with low signal-to-noise ratio, difficult accurate velocity modeling, structural imaging and fidelity accurate imaging is difficult to achieve, serious affect the effect of Yingqiong basin oil and gas exploration. In view of the above imaging challenges faced by Yingqiong basin, this paper first analyzes the key seismic and geological problems encountered in oil and gas exploration in Yingqiong basin. In theory, we must proceed from the idea of the data integration of imaging velocity model, put forward the theory of the new method in the application will need to be based on the high quality of the acquisition, development and speed in the area facing the imaging characteristic estimation method can effectively solve the problems in the area. Based on this, in the aspect of the design of the observation system, the optimization scheme of the observation system for the purpose layer imaging effect is proposed. In Yingqiong Basin an area 3D seismic geological model, simulation of offset amplitude for different types of observation lighting system under the objective layer 3D ray tracing analysis based on optimized improve all-round observation system of deep seismic data accurate imaging requirements of Yingqiong basin. In the imaging method, a beam beam imaging method based on the theory of bunching is proposed. First, the inversion based local plane wave synthesis is introduced, which improves the width control of the traditional beam propagation and develops into the TI medium and the absorption and attenuation medium. Finally, a characteristic beam imaging method based on weak signal protection is formed. In terms of velocity estimation, a ray beam chromatography method based on the simplified Gauss beam sensitive kernel function is proposed. Specifically, the selection of the initial value of the Gauss beam and the introduction of the Finel band to determine the width of the kernel function are introduced. Combined with ray beam angle domain imaging and tomography, a speed estimation process based on ray beam angle gather output and ray beam tomography is proposed in Yingqiong basin, and is successfully applied to actual data. By studying the design of the acquisition system, imaging and speed estimation, a collection and imaging process for the area is proposed. In the specific chapters, the first chapter mainly introduces the research background and significance of this paper, and analyzes the research progress of imaging and speed estimation both at home and abroad, and points out the research train of thought and main research contents in this paper. The second chapter is the analysis of seismic geological problems in Yinggehai region from acquisition and processing, and combined with the current method and seismic velocity imaging features of mainstream estimates, explores the technical process for deep exploration in the area. The third chapter mainly from the objective layer depth, AVO analysis, dynamic correction stretching and velocity analysis and reflection coefficient of stability factor demonstrates the length of the cable area 3D acquisition, focusing on high precision imaging for deep seismic data acquisition requirements of Yingqiong basin, in the different types of acquisition system based on the comparison analysis of geometric parameters select an area, Yingqiong basin seismic geological model, comparative analysis of ray tracing simulation analysis method of amplitude offset lighting marine streamer NAZ, MAZ, WAZ, RAZ and FAZ five kinds of observation system based on optimized for types of deep high precision seismic exploration for comprehensive observation system in the Qiongdongnan Basin, lighting energy objective observing system in layers on the continuity and uniformity of the best, can effectively improve the lighting effect of the shadow region, is a kind of satisfaction improve Yingqiong An ideal observation system for accurate imaging of deep seismic data in the basin. In the fourth chapter, the basic characteristics of Yingqiong Basin deep seismic signal is weak, the poly beam imaging method of beam theory, is proposed for beam synthesis based on inversion in the beam theory, the width of the controllable Gauss beam propagation operator based on the simplified ray beam propagation and imaging. At the same time, the related code is developed to form the corresponding processing software module, which is applied to the actual data processing, and the imaging effect of the weak signal blurred area is improved obviously. In the fifth chapter, medium imaging demands deep and complex adaptation, the development of the anisotropic media and absorption attenuation spotlight imaging method in anisotropic medium, the phase velocity imaging method based on the calculation of travel, medium attenuation imaging into multi-scale Gabor (MGT) phase and amplitude compensation effectively change. Model test and real data test prove the effectiveness of this method of seismic wave absorption and attenuation compensation imaging in deep gas exploration area in the Yinggehai region in dip. In the sixth chapter, a ray beam tomography method based on the simplified Gauss beam sensitive kernel function is proposed, and the ray beam tomography velocity inversion technique is developed. The key problems and limitations in the tomography velocity inversion are analyzed, the selection of the initial value of Gauss beam and the introduction of the Finel band to determine the width of the kernel function are optimized. Combined with the output of ray beam angle gather, we put forward the technology route of angle domain beam tomography velocity inversion and modeling, and discussed the problems in the implementation, and successfully applied to the actual data processing of target area, the effect is obvious. The last chapter is a summary of the full text and a discussion of the follow-up work related to the content of the thesis. This thesis focuses on the deepwater area of our country in the Yinggehai deep seismic data imaging, collected from start to speed modeling and imaging in complex media and put forward a set of effective technological process, in the actual data in the testing process to improve the involved key technology. The application of this technological process improves the accuracy of middle depth imaging, and provides an effective technical support for the follow-up development of the target exploration area.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P631.4

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