北京市三種道路防護(hù)林滯塵格局及其影響機(jī)制研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-12 14:07
【摘要】：城市森林能夠通過其復(fù)雜的葉面結(jié)構(gòu)和冠層結(jié)構(gòu)吸附、阻滯空氣顆粒物。道路防護(hù)林是城市森林的重要組成部分,對主要由道路交通引起的顆粒物污染有較好的防護(hù)作用。本文以北京市3種具有代表性的道路防護(hù)林為研究對象,對林內(nèi)葉面滯塵量、地表降塵量、空氣顆粒物濃度進(jìn)行了全年同步觀測,對3種道路防護(hù)林滯塵的時(shí)空變化規(guī)律及影響機(jī)制進(jìn)行了全面系統(tǒng)的研究,主要結(jié)論如下:1、3種道路防護(hù)林滯塵能力的差異。(1)葉面尺度滯塵能力表現(xiàn)為圓柏林銀杏林油松林,不同季節(jié)油松林和圓柏林表現(xiàn)為為冬季春季秋季夏季,銀杏林表現(xiàn)為春季和秋季接近,夏季最低;單株和林地尺度滯塵能力均為油松林圓柏林銀杏林。(2)地表降塵能力3種道路防護(hù)林差異不大,不同季節(jié)表現(xiàn)為春季冬季夏季秋季。(3)TSP和PM10濃度均為春季冬季夏季秋季,PM2.5和PM1濃度均表現(xiàn)為冬季最高,春、夏、秋季差異不大。(4)3種道路防護(hù)林葉面滯塵能力、地表降塵能力的季節(jié)變化與TSP、PM10濃度的季節(jié)變化具有較高一致性,與PM2.5和PM1關(guān)聯(lián)性差。(5)同面積林地全年及各季節(jié)地表降塵總量均明顯高于冠層滯留總量。2、3種道路防護(hù)林滯塵的時(shí)間變化特征。(1)圓柏林葉面滯塵的穩(wěn)定性最高;銀杏林葉面滯塵增長速度和降低速度均遠(yuǎn)高于油松林和圓柏林。(2)葉面滯塵不同季節(jié)的時(shí)間變化特征表現(xiàn)為冬季變化幅度最低,春季、夏季、秋季變化幅度均較高,不同道路防護(hù)林時(shí)間變化特征也有差異。(3)3種道路防護(hù)林內(nèi)地表降塵量時(shí)間變化趨勢基本一致;不同季節(jié)地表降塵量的變化特征表現(xiàn)為冬季變化幅度最大,春季次之,夏秋季較低。(4)3種道路防護(hù)林內(nèi)葉面滯塵與地表降塵均呈現(xiàn)出正相關(guān)關(guān)系,冬季、春季相關(guān)性較低,夏季、秋季較高。3、3種道路防護(hù)林滯塵的空間變化特征。(1)3種道路防護(hù)林葉面滯塵、地表降塵及TSP、PM10濃度空間變化特征相似,表現(xiàn)出明顯的關(guān)聯(lián)性,油松林和圓柏林內(nèi)均表現(xiàn)為單谷型分布,銀杏林內(nèi)均表現(xiàn)為雙谷型分布,與PM2.5、PM1的空間分布特征關(guān)聯(lián)性微弱。(2)不同季節(jié)3種道路防護(hù)林葉面滯塵、地表降塵及TSP、PM10濃度空間變化特征均表現(xiàn)為冬季香山路側(cè)滯塵量高,春季則為五環(huán)路側(cè)較高,夏、秋季兩側(cè)無明顯差異。(3)3種道路防護(hù)林內(nèi)不同位置樹體南北兩側(cè)的滯塵量有較大差異,總體表現(xiàn)為迎路面明顯高于背路面,從林緣到林內(nèi),南北方向滯塵量的差距逐步縮小。4、氣象條件對3種道路防護(hù)林滯塵作用的影響。(1)降雨對3種道路防護(hù)林葉面滯塵的影響表現(xiàn)為低雨量促進(jìn),高雨量減弱,對葉面滯塵的減弱作用表現(xiàn)為為銀杏林油松林圓柏林。(2)不同風(fēng)力等級對3種道路防護(hù)林的葉面滯塵均有促進(jìn),對銀杏林促進(jìn)作用最明顯;地表降塵量隨著風(fēng)力等級的增大呈增長趨勢。(3)重度污染天氣及桑拿天對3種道路防護(hù)林葉面滯塵均有不同程度促進(jìn);對地表降塵均表現(xiàn)為減弱作用。
[Abstract]:Urban forest can block air particles by its complex leaf structure and canopy structure. Road shelter forest is an important part of urban forest, which has a good protective effect on particulate pollution caused mainly by road traffic. In this paper, three kinds of representative road shelterbelts in Beijing were used as the research objects. The dust retention on the leaf surface, dust fall on the surface and the concentration of air particles in the forest were observed synchronously throughout the year. The temporal and spatial variation law and influence mechanism of dust retention in three kinds of road shelterbelts were studied comprehensively and systematically. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the dust retention ability of the three kinds of road shelterbelts is different. (1) the dust retention ability of the leaf surface scale is shown as the Pinus tabulaeformis forest in the Ginkgo biloba forest, the Pinus tabulaeformis forest and the round Berlin forest in winter, spring, autumn and summer in different seasons. Ginkgo biloba forest showed that the spring and autumn were close to each other, and the summer was the lowest. The dust retention capacity of individual plant and woodland was the same as that of Pinus tabulaeformis forest and Ginkgo biloba forest. (2) there was no significant difference among the three kinds of road protection forests. (3) the concentrations of TSP and PM10 are both spring, winter, summer and autumn, and PM2.5 and PM1 are the highest in winter, spring and summer, respectively. There was no significant difference in autumn. (4) there was a high consistency between the seasonal variation of surface dust lowering ability and the seasonal variation of TSP,PM10 concentration in three kinds of road shelterbelts. The correlation with PM2.5 and PM1 was not good. (5) the total dust fall on the surface of the same area woodland was significantly higher than that on the canopy in the whole year and in each season. 2. The time variation characteristics of dust retention in the three kinds of road shelterbelts were observed. (1) the stability of dust stagnation on the leaf surface of Berlin was the highest; The increasing rate and decreasing speed of dust retention in leaf surface of Ginkgo biloba forest were much higher than those in Pinus tabulaeformis forest and round Berlin. (2) the time variation characteristics of leaf surface dust retention in different seasons were the lowest in winter, and higher in spring, summer and autumn. The time variation characteristics of different road shelterbelts are also different. (3) the time variation trend of dust fall on the interior surface of three kinds of road shelterbelts is basically the same; The variation of surface dust fall in different seasons was the biggest in winter, followed by spring, and lower in summer and autumn. (4) there was a positive correlation between surface dust retention and surface dust fall in three kinds of road shelterbelts, and it was found that there was a positive correlation between leaf surface dust retention and surface dust fall in winter. The spatial variation characteristics of dust retention in three kinds of road shelterbelts were lower in spring and higher in summer and autumn. (1) the spatial variation characteristics of dust retention, surface dust fall and TSP,PM10 concentration in three kinds of road shelterbelts were similar, showing obvious correlation. In Pinus tabulaeformis forest and round Berlin, there were single valley distribution and double valley distribution in ginkgo biloba forest, which had a weak correlation with the spatial distribution characteristics of PM2.5,PM1. (2) three kinds of road shelterbelts in different seasons had a weak correlation with leaf dust, surface dust and TSP,. The spatial variation characteristics of PM10 concentration showed that the dust content in the road side of Xiangshan was high in winter, and that in spring was higher on the side of five-ring road, and higher in summer. There was no significant difference between the two sides in autumn. (3) there were great differences in dust retention between the north and south sides of the tree at different positions in the three kinds of road shelterbelts. The overall performance of the dust retention was that the road surface was obviously higher than the back road surface, from the forest edge to the forest. 4. The influence of meteorological conditions on the dust retention of three kinds of road shelterbelts. (1) the effects of rainfall on the dust retention on the leaf surface of three kinds of road shelterbelts are promoted by low rainfall and weakened by high rainfall. The dedusting effect on leaf surface was shown as follows: round Berlin of Pinus tabulaeformis forest in Ginkgo biloba forest. (2) different wind levels promoted dust retention on leaf surface of three kinds of road shelterbelts, and the most obvious effect was on ginkgo forest. (3) severe polluted weather and sauna can promote the dust retention of the three kinds of road shelterbelts to some extent, and weaken the dust fall on the surface of the three kinds of road shelterbelts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X513;X173
本文編號：2407862
[Abstract]:Urban forest can block air particles by its complex leaf structure and canopy structure. Road shelter forest is an important part of urban forest, which has a good protective effect on particulate pollution caused mainly by road traffic. In this paper, three kinds of representative road shelterbelts in Beijing were used as the research objects. The dust retention on the leaf surface, dust fall on the surface and the concentration of air particles in the forest were observed synchronously throughout the year. The temporal and spatial variation law and influence mechanism of dust retention in three kinds of road shelterbelts were studied comprehensively and systematically. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the dust retention ability of the three kinds of road shelterbelts is different. (1) the dust retention ability of the leaf surface scale is shown as the Pinus tabulaeformis forest in the Ginkgo biloba forest, the Pinus tabulaeformis forest and the round Berlin forest in winter, spring, autumn and summer in different seasons. Ginkgo biloba forest showed that the spring and autumn were close to each other, and the summer was the lowest. The dust retention capacity of individual plant and woodland was the same as that of Pinus tabulaeformis forest and Ginkgo biloba forest. (2) there was no significant difference among the three kinds of road protection forests. (3) the concentrations of TSP and PM10 are both spring, winter, summer and autumn, and PM2.5 and PM1 are the highest in winter, spring and summer, respectively. There was no significant difference in autumn. (4) there was a high consistency between the seasonal variation of surface dust lowering ability and the seasonal variation of TSP,PM10 concentration in three kinds of road shelterbelts. The correlation with PM2.5 and PM1 was not good. (5) the total dust fall on the surface of the same area woodland was significantly higher than that on the canopy in the whole year and in each season. 2. The time variation characteristics of dust retention in the three kinds of road shelterbelts were observed. (1) the stability of dust stagnation on the leaf surface of Berlin was the highest; The increasing rate and decreasing speed of dust retention in leaf surface of Ginkgo biloba forest were much higher than those in Pinus tabulaeformis forest and round Berlin. (2) the time variation characteristics of leaf surface dust retention in different seasons were the lowest in winter, and higher in spring, summer and autumn. The time variation characteristics of different road shelterbelts are also different. (3) the time variation trend of dust fall on the interior surface of three kinds of road shelterbelts is basically the same; The variation of surface dust fall in different seasons was the biggest in winter, followed by spring, and lower in summer and autumn. (4) there was a positive correlation between surface dust retention and surface dust fall in three kinds of road shelterbelts, and it was found that there was a positive correlation between leaf surface dust retention and surface dust fall in winter. The spatial variation characteristics of dust retention in three kinds of road shelterbelts were lower in spring and higher in summer and autumn. (1) the spatial variation characteristics of dust retention, surface dust fall and TSP,PM10 concentration in three kinds of road shelterbelts were similar, showing obvious correlation. In Pinus tabulaeformis forest and round Berlin, there were single valley distribution and double valley distribution in ginkgo biloba forest, which had a weak correlation with the spatial distribution characteristics of PM2.5,PM1. (2) three kinds of road shelterbelts in different seasons had a weak correlation with leaf dust, surface dust and TSP,. The spatial variation characteristics of PM10 concentration showed that the dust content in the road side of Xiangshan was high in winter, and that in spring was higher on the side of five-ring road, and higher in summer. There was no significant difference between the two sides in autumn. (3) there were great differences in dust retention between the north and south sides of the tree at different positions in the three kinds of road shelterbelts. The overall performance of the dust retention was that the road surface was obviously higher than the back road surface, from the forest edge to the forest. 4. The influence of meteorological conditions on the dust retention of three kinds of road shelterbelts. (1) the effects of rainfall on the dust retention on the leaf surface of three kinds of road shelterbelts are promoted by low rainfall and weakened by high rainfall. The dedusting effect on leaf surface was shown as follows: round Berlin of Pinus tabulaeformis forest in Ginkgo biloba forest. (2) different wind levels promoted dust retention on leaf surface of three kinds of road shelterbelts, and the most obvious effect was on ginkgo forest. (3) severe polluted weather and sauna can promote the dust retention of the three kinds of road shelterbelts to some extent, and weaken the dust fall on the surface of the three kinds of road shelterbelts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X513;X173
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