【摘要】：隨著社會生活水平提高,國民健康正面臨非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)、腸道炎癥等一系列"現(xiàn)代病"的挑戰(zhàn)。利用天然活性物質(zhì)對這類疾病進行防治,正得到國際社會越來越多的關(guān)注。本文旨在對甘蔗中主要植物化學(xué)素含量分布、物化性質(zhì)、生理功能及其作用機理開展基礎(chǔ)性研究,為未來以甘蔗為原料開發(fā)功能活性物質(zhì)提供基礎(chǔ)實驗依據(jù)。論文主要研究結(jié)果為:1.甘蔗節(jié)中總?cè)坪孔罡�。總多酚、總黃酮、總植物甾醇在甘蔗皮中含量最高。綠皮甘蔗比紅皮甘蔗含有更多的植物甾醇,更少的總多酚和總黃酮�？偠喾雍涂傸S酮含量與DPPH自由基清除能力和FRAP還原能力正相關(guān)。2.甘蔗不皂化植物化學(xué)素主要含45.17%的1-二十八烷醇、9.12%的豆甾醇、8.23%的β-谷甾醇和4.5%的菜油甾醇。不同溫度條件下不皂化物氧化反應(yīng)不同。在245.64±2.04℃以下,不皂化物穩(wěn)定。然而當(dāng)溫度繼續(xù)上升時,不皂化物以及其氧化產(chǎn)物會發(fā)生氧化反應(yīng)。3.利用直接皂化法聯(lián)用反向HPLC測得豆甾醇(不同部位約含883.3±23.5～1823.9±24.5μg/gDW)和 β-谷甾醇(不同部位約含 117.6±19.9～801.4±33.5μg/gDW)是甘蔗中兩種主要甾醇,而且最多87.0%的豆甾醇和87.5%的β-谷甾醇是以甾醇糖苷和脂�；薮继擒招问酱嬖诘摹�4.最優(yōu)提取條件(液料比=7.94:1ml/g,提取溫度=50℃,提取時間=5.98h)下,蔗脂提取得率為6.55±0.28%,與預(yù)測值6.47%接近。皂化后用固液萃取進行純化,測得甘蔗中主要含有β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇和菜油甾醇,還含有一些微量甾醇包括巖藻甾醇、禾本甾醇等。5.小鼠經(jīng)DSS處理,產(chǎn)生嚴重的急性結(jié)腸炎,小腸上皮細胞脫落,杯狀體損壞。豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇顯著抑制了結(jié)腸的萎縮、降低了糞便中血紅素含量,改善了急性結(jié)腸炎病理學(xué)評分(P0.05)。兩種植物甾醇顯著抑制了集落刺激因子-1表達,阻止核因子-κB(NF-κB)p65向細胞核轉(zhuǎn)移,豆甾醇還抑制了環(huán)氧合酶-2的表達。豆甾醇相對β-谷甾醇具有更高的抗炎癥活性。6.豆甾醇和β-谷甾醇顯著降低了肝重、肝脂含量、血脂含量并改善脂肪肝病理學(xué)評分。植物甾醇通過降低小腸中膽汁酸的濃度來降低脂類物質(zhì)在小腸內(nèi)的吸收,增加糞便中脂類物質(zhì)的排出。肝臟中共測得脂類物質(zhì)192種,其中豆甾醇處理組相對對照組顯著改變了63種脂類物質(zhì),β-谷甾醇僅僅顯著改變了7種。在血漿中總共測得脂類物質(zhì)219種,豆甾醇處理組相對對照組顯著改變了39種脂類物質(zhì),β-谷甾醇顯著改變了54種。與β-谷甾醇不同,豆甾醇還通過降低血液循環(huán)中神經(jīng)酰胺含量來抑制肝臟中脂代謝基因(SCD1、FAS)的表達。實驗結(jié)果說明兩種植物甾醇都能改善NAFLD,豆甾醇效果更好。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of social living standards, national health is facing a series of modern diseases, such as intestinal inflammation of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD),). The use of natural active substances in the prevention and treatment of these diseases is receiving more and more attention from the international community. The purpose of this paper is to carry out basic research on chemical content distribution, physicochemical properties, physiological function and mechanism of action of main plant chemicals in sugarcane, and to provide basic experimental basis for the development of functional active substances using sugarcane as raw material in the future. The main results are as follows: 1. The total triterpene content in sugarcane was the highest. Total polyphenols, total flavonoids and total phytosterols were the highest in sugarcane peel. Green sugarcane contains more phytosterols, fewer total polyphenols and total flavonoids than red sugarcane. Total polyphenols and total flavonoids were positively correlated with DPPH radical scavenging ability and FRAP reduction ability. 2. The unsaponification phytochemicals of sugarcane mainly contained 45.17% 1-28 alkanol, 9. 12% soybean sterol, 8. 23% 尾-sitosterol and 4. 5% rapeseed oil sterol. The oxidation reaction of unsaponification was different at different temperature. Under 245.64 鹵2.04 鈩，

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