【摘要】：自2012年起,霧霾為中國各界人士所廣泛關注。因此,針對霧霾污染及其所約束的環(huán)境技術效率評價也為越來越多的研究者所關心。本研究首先深入分析中國霧霾污染與經濟增長之間的關系及其特征;其次,在傳統(tǒng)環(huán)境技術效率研究的基礎上,引入霧霾這一新的約束條件,評價了霧霾約束下中國各省市環(huán)境技術效率,并以環(huán)境技術效率視角檢驗了環(huán)境庫茲涅茨曲線的適用性:最后,嘗試研究了環(huán)境技術效率與公共健康的關聯(lián)程度。本文的主要研究結論如下:(1)考慮霧霾約束下的環(huán)境技術效率平均值為0.706,無約束下技術效率值為0.867。兩者有顯著差異,霧霾約束下的環(huán)境技術效率到生產前沿面的距離遠于無約束下的技術效率�；谧儺愊禂�(shù)及秩和檢驗的結果均顯示不考慮霧霾約束的技術效率評價是有偏的。(2)總體來看,中國各省市在不改變投入產出的前提下,能源消耗、水資源消耗以及霧霾減排空間較大。樣本考察期間,各地區(qū)平均節(jié)能潛力、節(jié)水潛力、減霾潛力分別為24.26%、39.16%、26.49%。節(jié)能減霾應成為中國各省市提升環(huán)境技術效率的工作重點。(3)SBM-Undesirable區(qū)間模型的構建及應用使技術效率評價更加全面�？紤]霧霾高低濃度區(qū)間數(shù)的效率測度表明,區(qū)間DEA部分有效、有效、無效省份數(shù)依此減少,分別占比62.22%、29.44%、8.33%。模糊左關系排序法顯示,橫向截面上區(qū)間DEA有效省份數(shù)在減少,各省市截面排序變化程度較大;縱向時序上區(qū)間DEA效率有效年份較少且有效性省份數(shù)呈減少態(tài)勢。(4)霧霾約束下的環(huán)境技術效率與經濟規(guī)模存在倒U曲線關系,但與傳統(tǒng)的環(huán)境庫茲涅茨曲線的意義恰好相反。技術創(chuàng)新、貿易依存度、地區(qū)發(fā)達程度與環(huán)境技術效率之間顯著正相關。環(huán)境規(guī)制、產業(yè)結構、人口密度與環(huán)境技術效率顯著負相關。FDI對環(huán)境技術效率負影響但不顯著。(5)霧霾約束下的環(huán)境技術效率與公眾健康具有顯著正相關性。一方面,農村居民健康支出能力、千人衛(wèi)生技術人員數(shù)、人口密度及城市化水平與公眾健康呈正相關性。另一方面,教育程度、城鎮(zhèn)居民健康支出能力與公眾健康之間并不存在有效顯著性。
[Abstract]:Since 2012, haze has been widely concerned by people from all walks of life in China. Therefore, more and more researchers are concerned about the environmental technical efficiency evaluation of haze pollution and its constraints. Firstly, the relationship between haze pollution and economic growth in China and its characteristics are analyzed. Secondly, based on the research of traditional environmental technical efficiency, this paper introduces haze, which is a new constraint condition, to evaluate the environmental technical efficiency of provinces and cities in China under the constraint of haze. The applicability of the environmental Kuznets curve is tested from the perspective of environmental technical efficiency. Finally, the relationship between environmental technical efficiency and public health is studied. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the average value of environmental technical efficiency considering haze constraint is 0.706, and the technical efficiency value of unconstrained environment is 0.867. There is a significant difference between the two. The distance from the environmental technical efficiency to the production frontier under haze constraint is longer than that under the unconstrained environment. The results of variance coefficient and rank sum test show that the evaluation of technical efficiency without haze constraint is biased. (2) in general, the energy consumption of provinces and cities in China is not changed without changing the input and output. Water resources consumption and haze emission reduction space is large. During the period of sample investigation, the average energy saving potential, water saving potential and haze abatement potential of each region were 24.266.16 and 26.49, respectively. Energy saving and haze reduction should be the focus of environmental technical efficiency in China. (3) the construction and application of SBM-Undesirable interval model make the evaluation of technical efficiency more comprehensive. The efficiency measure considering the range number of high and low haze concentrations shows that the interval DEA is partially effective, and the number of invalid provinces is reduced accordingly, accounting for 62.22% and 29.44 / 8.33 respectively. The fuzzy left relation ranking method shows that the number of effective provinces of interval DEA is decreasing on the transverse section, and the degree of cross-section ranking of provinces and cities varies greatly. In the longitudinal time series, the effective years of interval DEA efficiency are few and the number of effective provinces is decreasing. (4) the relationship between environmental technical efficiency and economic scale under haze constraint is inversely U curve. But the meaning of Kuznets curve is opposite to that of traditional environmental Kuznets curve. Technological innovation, trade dependence, regional development and environmental technical efficiency are positively correlated. Environmental regulation, industrial structure, population density and environmental technical efficiency are negatively correlated. FDI has a negative effect on environmental technical efficiency, but not significant. (5) Environmental technical efficiency under haze constraints has a significant positive correlation with public health. On the one hand, the health expenditure ability of rural residents, the number of thousands of health technicians, the population density and the level of urbanization are positively correlated with public health. On the other hand, there is no significant difference between education level, health expenditure ability of urban residents and public health.
【學位授予單位】：北京科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X51

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