【摘要】：2006年P(guān)endry教授提出了基于麥克斯韋方程組協(xié)變性的光學(xué)變換,使得很多存在于科幻小說(shuō)中的光學(xué)器件,例如光學(xué)隱身、光學(xué)黑洞等,都具有了實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能,從此開(kāi)啟了光學(xué)變換設(shè)計(jì)光學(xué)器件的新紀(jì)元。十幾年來(lái),伴隨著異向介質(zhì)的蓬勃發(fā)展和光學(xué)變換理論的創(chuàng)新,光學(xué)變換成為現(xiàn)代光學(xué)中設(shè)計(jì)光學(xué)器件不可或缺的重要方法之一。本文以光學(xué)隱身、納米成像和聚焦器件的研究為背景,著重討論了基于光學(xué)變換的光學(xué)器件的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)。本文首先介紹了光學(xué)隱身、納米成像和聚焦器件的研究現(xiàn)狀。由于納米加工工藝的制約,無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)基于光學(xué)變換的“完美”光學(xué)器件所需要的異向介質(zhì)單元結(jié)構(gòu),限制了器件所能實(shí)現(xiàn)的性能。而依據(jù)現(xiàn)有納米加工工藝所設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)的光學(xué)器件,由于其簡(jiǎn)化的材料參數(shù),往往伴隨著器件結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸小、工作頻率單一、對(duì)損耗敏感等一系列問(wèn)題。針對(duì)以上科學(xué)問(wèn)題,本論文做了如下幾個(gè)方面的工作:1.針對(duì)光學(xué)隱身器件隱身區(qū)域小的科學(xué)問(wèn)題,本文基于光學(xué)坐標(biāo)變換和光學(xué)保角變換,提出了一種不受各向異性因數(shù)限制的隱身器件的設(shè)計(jì)方法,用于實(shí)現(xiàn)大尺度物體的隱身�；谶@個(gè)方法,本文在遠(yuǎn)紅外頻段首次設(shè)計(jì)并驗(yàn)證了能夠躲避熱探測(cè)的遠(yuǎn)紅外隱身器件。2.針對(duì)納米成像透鏡不利于暗視場(chǎng)應(yīng)用的科學(xué)問(wèn)題,本文提出了一種暗視場(chǎng)納米成像透鏡設(shè)計(jì),該透鏡由第一類和第二類雙曲型異向介質(zhì)構(gòu)成,其中第二類雙曲型異向介質(zhì)能有效地阻止低波矢的光通過(guò),進(jìn)而提高像的對(duì)比度。3.針對(duì)納米成像透鏡工作頻率單一、對(duì)損耗敏感的科學(xué)問(wèn)題,本文基于虛部坐標(biāo)變換和折疊幾何變換,提出了納米成像透鏡的設(shè)計(jì)方法,揭示了利用反常色散雙曲型異向介質(zhì)實(shí)現(xiàn)寬頻納米成像的工作原理,并給出了相應(yīng)的設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)。4.針對(duì)納米成像透鏡制備需要復(fù)雜的納米加工工藝的科學(xué)問(wèn)題,依據(jù)石墨烯紫外頻段光學(xué)性質(zhì)不會(huì)由于彎曲、拉伸或隨機(jī)堆疊而改變的特性,本文提出了利用石墨烯實(shí)現(xiàn)納米成像透鏡的設(shè)計(jì)方法。該透鏡具有靈活性,適用于任意形狀的基底,極大程度地降低了透鏡制備的難度。5.針對(duì)納米聚焦技術(shù)不易實(shí)現(xiàn)的科學(xué)問(wèn)題,本文提出了一種具有高聚焦性能的納米聚焦透鏡設(shè)計(jì)方法。依據(jù)高階光學(xué)變換、虛部坐標(biāo)變換和圓柱等效介質(zhì)理論,本文對(duì)納米聚焦透鏡的性能進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,并提出了利用金屬和介質(zhì)圓柱層狀結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造徑向漸變的透鏡參數(shù)的方法,用以實(shí)現(xiàn)邊界阻抗匹配,提高透鏡的聚焦性能。6.針對(duì)納米聚焦結(jié)構(gòu)具有幾何奇點(diǎn)的科學(xué)問(wèn)題,本文提出了利用圓柱雙曲型異向介質(zhì)實(shí)現(xiàn)寬頻聚焦的設(shè)計(jì)方法。本文發(fā)現(xiàn),在利用光學(xué)保角變換將平板雙曲型異向介質(zhì)變換到圓柱雙曲型異向介質(zhì)的過(guò)程中,可以避免幾何奇點(diǎn)的引入。
[Abstract]:In 2006, Professor Pendry proposed a covariant optical transformation based on Maxwell's equations, which makes it possible for many optical devices in science fiction, such as optical stealth, optical black hole, etc. This opened a new era in optical transformation design of optical devices. In the past ten years, with the vigorous development of dielectrics and the innovation of optical transformation theory, optical transformation has become one of the indispensable and important methods for designing optical devices in modern optics. In this paper, the design and implementation of optical devices based on optical transformation are discussed based on the research of optical stealth, nano-imaging and focusing devices. This paper first introduces the research status of optical stealth, nano-imaging and focusing devices. Due to the restriction of nano-fabrication technology, it is impossible to realize the "perfect" optical device based on optical transformation, which can not realize the structure of the "perfect" optical device, which limits the performance of the device. Because of its simplified material parameters, the optical devices designed and realized according to the existing nanofabrication technology are often accompanied by a series of problems, such as small structure size, single operating frequency, sensitive to loss and so on. In view of the above scientific problems, this paper has done the following work: 1. Based on the optical coordinate transformation and the optical conformal transformation, a design method of the stealth device which is not restricted by the anisotropic factor is proposed in this paper, which is used to realize the stealthy of a large scale object in view of the scientific problem of the small stealth region of the optical stealth device, which is based on the optical coordinate transformation and the optical conformal transformation. Based on this method, a far-infrared stealth device, which can avoid thermal detection, is designed and verified for the first time in the far-infrared band. Aiming at the scientific problem that nanometer imaging lens is not conducive to dark field application, a design of dark field nanometer imaging lens is presented in this paper. The lens is composed of two kinds of hyperbolic dielectrics. The second kind of hyperbolic dielectrics can effectively prevent the light from passing through the low wave vector and then improve the contrast of the image. Aiming at the scientific problem that the working frequency of nano-imaging lens is single and sensitive to loss, a design method of nano-imaging lens is proposed based on virtual coordinate transformation and folded geometric transformation. The working principle of using anomalous dispersion hyperbolic dielectrics to realize broadband nanometer imaging is revealed, and the corresponding design structure is given. In view of the scientific problem that the preparation of nano-imaging lens requires complex nano-fabrication technology, according to the characteristics that the optical properties of graphene ultraviolet band can not be changed by bending, stretching or random stacking, In this paper, a design method of nano-imaging lens using graphene is presented. The lens is flexible and suitable for any shape of substrate, which greatly reduces the difficulty of lens preparation. In order to solve the problem that nano-focusing technology is not easy to be realized, a design method of nano-focusing lens with high focusing performance is proposed in this paper. Based on high-order optical transformation, virtual coordinate transformation and cylindrical equivalent medium theory, the performance of nano-focusing lens is optimized in this paper, and a method of constructing radial gradient lens parameters using metal and dielectric cylindrical layered structure is proposed. In order to achieve boundary impedance matching, improve the focusing performance of the lens. 6. In order to solve the problem of geometric singularities in nanoscale focusing structures, a design method of wide frequency focusing using cylindrical hyperbolic dielectrics is proposed in this paper. In this paper, it is found that the introduction of geometric singularities can be avoided in the process of converting a flat plate hyperbolic anisotropic medium to a cylindrical hyperbolic anisotropic medium by optical conformal transformation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TH74

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