石墨烯纖維的可控制備與應(yīng)用研究
[Abstract]:As a two-dimensional carbon based nanomaterial, graphene has only one atomic thickness, with excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties. The one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional materials based on graphene have a very broad application prospect in transparent conductive films, energy storage materials, catalyst carriers, gas sensitive materials, single molecule detectors and so on. The one-dimensional fiber materials of graphene and its composites have the characteristics of high strength, high conductivity, flexible weaving and easy processing. It is suitable for the preparation of ultralight wire, flexible wearable device and intelligent fabric. Most of the reports about graphene fiber are mainly focused on improving the fracture strength of the fiber, but because of it, The brittle fracture of graphene fibers is often low and its flexibility needs to be improved. The unique spiral structure of graphene fibers in this paper can simultaneously obtain high strength and high elastic characteristics and help to further develop high performance tensile and wearable devices. In this paper, the improved Hummers method and sulfuric acid are used in this paper. The high pure oxygen fossil Mexico was prepared by the phosphoric acid Potassium Permanganate system. The flexible and transparent graphene oxide film was prepared by the casting process. It was reduced by different reduction methods. The changes of morphology and properties before and after reduction were studied. It was found that after reduction of 45% hydroiodic acid, the surface of graphene film could be kept to the surface before reduction to the maximum. The large area of graphene oxide films prepared on the polytetrafluoroethylene base are cut into strips of different width after natural drying and dry spinning, and the strips are woven into different diameters of graphite oxide spiral fibers with a long continuous spiral structure by using water vapor to adjust the humidity of the graphene oxide film. The spiral structure of the spiral is uniform, the spiral inclination is consistent, the surface is smooth, and it has the characteristic of flexible and extensible. The spiral fiber of the graphite oxide spiral fiber is reduced by the reduction of the hydroiodic acid. The spiral structure of the spiral fiber is kept constant and the surface of the fiber is smooth and continuous. The spiral fiber of graphene has good mechanical properties and its strength is 12. MPa, the maximum fracture strain is 60%, and the elastic recovery performance is good under the 20% tensile cycle. The resistance assumes a regular change during the stretching process and the resistance linearly decreases with the increase of strain. After several cycles, the change law is still stable. The resistance of the fiber is measured with the change of temperature. The resistance decreases with the increase of temperature, mainly due to the behavior characteristics of the graphene. It is found that the high temperature and strain range of 300O C at different tensile strains of 0%~50% show stable thermal properties, and have the potential price for the flexible thermosensitive devices. The conductive graphene spiral fiber has the characteristics of the axial penetration microchannel and the hydrophobicity of the graphene. The electrical suction prepared by it has a good controllable switching performance and the threshold voltage is -0.8V. The theoretical calculation and the actual test have the same channel size, about 100 nm. When the liquid is sucked to saturation, it can absorb itself. In order to further improve the properties of graphene spiral fibers, a new method of preparation of graphene oxide carbon nanotube composite films is proposed in this paper, which is different from the preparation of composite films by mechanical agitation. This method can be used to prepare homogeneous and alternate superimposition of oxidizing stone carbon nanotube composite thin films. Based on this composite thin film, the composite thin film can be prepared. In the process of adsorption and desorption of water, ethanol and acetone, the film made of graphene oxide carbon nanotube composite spiral fiber can produce good actuation effect and can pull up a weight about 300 times of its own weight. The maximum fracture strength of graphene carbon nanotube complex spiral fiber obtained by hydrogen iodic acid reduction reaches 135 MPa, and the maximum strength is up to 135. The strain of the large fracture is 130%, which is 10 times and 2 times that of the pure graphene spiral fiber. As a temperature sensor, its linearity is better with the temperature change, the response degree is higher than that of the pure graphene spiral fiber, which is 7 times that of the pure graphene spiral fiber. The electrochemical performance is 44 m F/cm2. at a specific capacitance of 100 m V/s.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號(hào)】:TQ342.74
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