本文選題：氧氣高爐 + 熔融滴落帶　； 參考：《北京科技大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著空氣中霧霾的加劇,鋼鐵企業(yè)環(huán)保壓力也在不斷增加。高爐煉鐵是鋼鐵企業(yè)能源消耗和CO_2及其它污染物排放最高的生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié),要實現(xiàn)減排,爐頂煤氣循環(huán)-氧氣鼓風(fēng)高爐煉鐵技術(shù)(簡稱氧氣高爐)是節(jié)碳減排潛力最大且最可能工業(yè)化的煉鐵技術(shù)之一。該工藝含鐵爐料間接還原度高、低焦比、大噴煤等特點,導(dǎo)致爐料在熔融滴落帶的冶金行為發(fā)生變化。本文基于焦炭和爐渣,進行兩方面的研究。第一部分是熔融滴落帶爐渣對焦炭的溶蝕研究;第二部分是爐渣在焦炭床的流動行為研究。本研究結(jié)果將為氧氣高爐工藝下熔融滴落帶的焦炭劣化和高爐下部透氣透液性提供理論基礎(chǔ)。首先,采用自行設(shè)計的動態(tài)溶蝕裝置,進行了爐渣對焦炭的動態(tài)溶蝕實驗研究。根據(jù)爐料在塊狀帶還原度、冶煉強度、反應(yīng)溫度,研究了渣中FeO含量、溫度、反應(yīng)時間對焦炭動態(tài)溶蝕的影響,進行了三因素三水平的正交實驗,通過失重率和直徑變化確定焦炭劣化程度,實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)溶蝕時間影響最大,FeO含量次之,最后為溫度;根據(jù)焦炭在塊狀帶的氣化,開展了爐渣對水蒸氣和CO_2氣氛下氣化后焦炭的溶蝕研究,通過失重率、孔隙率、孔徑分布和微觀形貌表征焦炭的變化,在此基礎(chǔ)上進行了模擬高爐氣氛下的氣化和溶蝕,采用I型轉(zhuǎn)鼓法和納米力學(xué)探針法對其強度進行檢測;通過動力學(xué)分析,對爐渣對焦炭的溶蝕步驟和機理進行分析,得出FeO含量為10%時的溶蝕反應(yīng)活化能為177.34 KJ/mol,并確定了控速環(huán)節(jié)。結(jié)合氧氣高爐的實際條件,說明焦炭在熔融滴落帶的溶蝕減弱,有利于保持其高溫性能。然后,對爐渣在熔融滴落帶焦炭床的滯留行為進行了熱態(tài)實驗研究。根據(jù)高爐下部爐料變化,研究了溫度、爐渣堿度、爐渣Al/Si比、焦炭床粒度和種類對滯留行為的影響;在此基礎(chǔ)上,進行了燃料對高爐下部爐渣滯留行為的研究,包括爐渣吸收燃料灰分和未燃煤粉及焦炭加入蘭炭對滯留的影響,結(jié)果表明,爐渣吸收灰分和未燃煤粉后,滯留量明顯增大。結(jié)合"液泛"極限條件和高爐參數(shù),確定了最大滯留量為11.52%,傳統(tǒng)高爐和氧氣高爐煤粉的燃盡率應(yīng)大于78.56%和83.92%,蘭炭在氧氣高爐-煤化工工藝中應(yīng)控制加入量在30%以內(nèi);結(jié)合小型解剖高爐軟熔帶和滴落帶壓降以及最大滯留量,提出了氧氣高爐"骨架焦比"的計算方法和數(shù)值。最后,基于上述熱態(tài)實驗,分別進行了冷態(tài)模擬和數(shù)值模擬研究。通過自行設(shè)計的液體穿行狹縫的冷態(tài)實驗裝置,采用硅油-水系統(tǒng)模擬高爐滴落帶爐渣-鐵水在焦炭床狹縫中的穿行行為,獲得液體的流動狀態(tài)、速度和壓差等參數(shù),根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)可得液體粘度和流動速度的關(guān)系為v =-29.1η + 17.72,液滴流動速度和氣體流量的關(guān)系為v =-1.72Q + 0.823Q~2-0.147Q~3+5.316,由此得到硅油-水溶液中,氣體流速為0.395 m/s產(chǎn)生"液泛";通過VOF二維模型系統(tǒng)的模擬了不同物性的渣相、鐵相和渣-鐵兩相以及在不同氣體流速下,液體穿行焦炭空隙的流動行為。確定了液滴受力為:2πσ[(17-Rsinφ_1)sin(φ_1-θ)+(17-Rsinφ_2)5in(φ_2+π + θ]-4/3πr~3ρg + f。根據(jù)模擬結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):渣滴越小、接觸角越小、粘度越大以及表面張力越大都會抑制爐渣的順利滴落;對于渣鐵兩相的流動,由于兩相接觸面上界面張力方向相反,使得鐵水流動受阻,而爐渣流動更加順暢;結(jié)合氧氣高爐參數(shù)和模擬結(jié)果,說明渣鐵在穿行焦炭空隙時更易滴落。
[Abstract]:With the intensification of fog and haze in the air, the environmental pressure of iron and steel enterprises is increasing. Blast furnace ironmaking is the highest production link of energy consumption and CO_2 and other pollutants in iron and steel enterprises. To achieve emission reduction, the top gas cycle of the furnace top gas cycle - oxygen blast furnace ironmaking Technology (abbreviated oxygen high furnace) is the most potential and most likely industrialization One of the technology of iron smelting. This process contains the characteristics of high indirect reduction degree, low coke ratio and large coal injection, which leads to the change of metallurgical behavior of furnace material in molten drop zone. Based on coke and slag, two aspects are studied in this paper. The first part is the study on the dissolution of coke in molten drop zone; the second part is the slag in coke bed. The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for the deterioration of the coke and the permeability of the bottom of the blast furnace under the process of oxygen blast furnace. First, the dynamic dissolution test of the coke is carried out by the dynamic dissolution device designed by ourselves. The effect of FeO content, temperature and reaction time on the dynamic corrosion of coke was studied. The orthogonal experiment of three factors and three levels was carried out. The degree of coke deterioration was determined by the weight loss rate and the change of diameter. The experiment found that the dissolution time had the greatest influence, the content of FeO was the second, and the temperature was last. The slag to water was carried out according to the gasification of coke in the lump zone. The corrosion of coke after vaporization in vapor and CO_2 atmosphere was studied. The change of coke was characterized by weight loss rate, porosity, pore size distribution and Micromorphology. On this basis, gasification and corrosion were simulated under the atmosphere of the blast furnace. I type drum method and nanomechanical probe method were used to detect the strength of the coke. The process and mechanism of the dissolution of carbon were analyzed, and the activation energy of the dissolution reaction was 177.34 KJ/mol when the content of FeO was 10%, and the speed control link was determined. The effects of temperature, slag basicity, slag Al/Si ratio, particle size and type of coke bed on the retention behavior are studied according to the change of the lower furnace burden. On this basis, the study on the retention behavior of the lower furnace slag in the blast furnace is carried out, including the ash and unburned pulverized coal and the coke added to the char. The result shows that the retention of the slag and unburned pulverized coal is obviously increased after the slag absorption and unburned pulverized coal. The maximum retention amount is 11.52%, the burning rate of the traditional blast furnace and the oxygen blast furnace pulverized coal should be greater than 78.56% and 83.92%, and the carbon in the oxygen blast furnace and coal chemical process should be controlled by 30% in the combination of the "liquid flooding" limit conditions and the blast furnace parameters. In addition, the calculation method and numerical value of the "skeleton coke ratio" of the oxygen blast furnace were put forward by combining with the pressure drop of the small dissection blast furnace and the drop zone and the maximum retention amount. Finally, the cold state simulation and numerical simulation were carried out on the basis of the above hot state experiments. The relationship between the flow state of liquid, velocity and pressure difference is obtained by simulating the behavior of slag and molten iron in the slit of the coke bed. The relationship between the viscosity and flow velocity of the liquid is v =-29.1 ETA + 17.72 according to the data. The relationship between the flow velocity of the droplet and the flow rate of the liquid is v =-1.72Q + 0.823Q~2-0.147Q~3+5.316, thus the silicon is obtained. In the oil and water solution, the gas flow velocity is 0.395 m/s and produces "liquid flooding". Through the VOF two-dimensional model system, the slag phase of different physical properties, the iron phase and the slag iron two phase and the flow behavior of the liquid through the coke air gap at different gas flow velocities are used to determine the droplet force as: 2 pi sigma [(17-Rsin [[[[[[[[sin]) + (17-Rsin [[[[[[[[[Phi] _2) 5in ([Phi] _2+ PI + theta]-4 According to the simulation results, /3 PI r~3 P G + F. shows that the smaller the droplet, the smaller the contact angle, the greater the viscosity and the more the surface tension will restrain the smooth dripping of the slag; for the flow of the slag and iron, the flow of the molten iron is obstructed by the opposite direction of the interfacial tension on the two phase contact surface, and the flow of the slag is smoother; and the parameters and modes of the oxygen blast furnace are combined. The results show that slag iron drips more easily when passing through the coke gap.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TF53

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