本文選題：厭氧氨氧化 + 厭氧消化�。� 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：污染物處理與資源化是當(dāng)今環(huán)境工程領(lǐng)域的熱點(diǎn)研究之一,它符合可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求。厭氧氨氧化和厭氧消化是該領(lǐng)域重要且典型的兩個厭氧微生物過程,基于這兩個過程而開發(fā)的處理系統(tǒng)廣泛應(yīng)用于處理含氮廢水和有機(jī)廢物處理。長期以來,厭氧氨氧化處理系統(tǒng)存在啟動緩慢這一技術(shù)瓶頸,特別是當(dāng)缺乏成熟的厭氧氨氧化接種污泥時,啟動過程可能長達(dá)1年以上。對于厭氧消化,傳統(tǒng)的反應(yīng)器類型(如厭氧發(fā)酵罐)雖然結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、工藝成本低,但是受污泥截留效率的限制,往往只能在較低有機(jī)負(fù)荷(5kg-COD/(m3?d))條件下運(yùn)行。近年來,生活污水初濾過程逐漸受到重視,被認(rèn)為可以替代污水廠中的初沉池并減輕后續(xù)工藝(如膜處理工藝)的壓力。目前尚無生活污水初濾產(chǎn)物的厭氧消化方面的研究報道。為了解決厭氧氨氧化反應(yīng)器啟動緩慢和傳統(tǒng)厭氧消化反應(yīng)器無法在高有機(jī)負(fù)荷條件下運(yùn)行的問題,論文通過運(yùn)行不同類型的厭氧處理系統(tǒng)并借助分子生物學(xué)分析方法,研究了厭氧氨氧化處理系統(tǒng)的啟動策略和生活污水初濾產(chǎn)物的高負(fù)荷條件厭氧消化效能,通過構(gòu)建厭氧氨氧化以及厭氧消化的微生物生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò),分析了上述兩個典型厭氧處理系統(tǒng)中微生物群落的演替規(guī)律。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),反應(yīng)器類型和接種污泥類型均對厭氧氨氧化的啟動有重要影響。對比了利用序批式反應(yīng)器(SBR)和厭氧膜生物反應(yīng)器(An MBR)啟動厭氧氨氧化的速度。SBR反應(yīng)器接種好氧顆粒污泥,在147天內(nèi)使總氮負(fù)荷從0.03kg-N/(m3?d)提升到0.4 kg-N/(m3?d),但是總氮去除率較低(~50%),啟動效果不理想。通過連接外置式微濾膜組件形成An MBR,總氮負(fù)荷在6個月內(nèi)可被提升到0.8 kg-N/(m3?d)且總氮去除率維持在70%~80%,啟動成功。另一個An MBR接種污水廠缺氧段活性污泥,在8個月內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)總氮負(fù)荷0.7 kg-N/(m3?d),總氮去除率為30%~40%。此外,研究了接種污泥對厭氧氨氧化反應(yīng)器啟動效率的影響。結(jié)果表明,接種污泥的群落越均勻、初始厭氧氨氧化菌的含量越高(106基因拷貝數(shù)/m L)越有利于反應(yīng)器快速啟動。分子生物學(xué)分析結(jié)果表明,反應(yīng)器中厭氧氨氧化菌Kuenenia stuttgartiensis是優(yōu)勢菌種,其在啟動最快的反應(yīng)器中的數(shù)量在6個月內(nèi)提高了3個數(shù)量級(109基因拷貝數(shù)/m L)。生活污水初濾產(chǎn)物的主要成分是纖維素。在55oC和35oC條件下分別運(yùn)行厭氧發(fā)酵罐長達(dá)656天,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在35oC條件下反應(yīng)器可以在有機(jī)負(fù)荷為14kg-COD/(m3?d)的范圍內(nèi)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,甲烷產(chǎn)率達(dá)到150Nm L/g COD,但是進(jìn)一步提升有機(jī)負(fù)荷導(dǎo)致甲烷產(chǎn)率大幅降低至50Nm L/g COD,且反應(yīng)器嚴(yán)重酸化。在55oC條件下反應(yīng)器可在有機(jī)負(fù)荷高達(dá)22kg-COD/(m3?d)的條件下穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,甲烷產(chǎn)率達(dá)120NmL/g COD且反應(yīng)器未酸化�；�16S r DNA的454測序結(jié)果表明,55oC條件下反應(yīng)器的最優(yōu)勢細(xì)菌菌屬是OP9菌門下的Caldatribacterium saccharofermentans菌屬,古細(xì)菌為Methanothermobacter菌屬;35oC條件下的最優(yōu)勢細(xì)菌是Bacteroides菌屬,古細(xì)菌為Methanosaeta菌屬。β-多樣性結(jié)果表明,在55oC條件下反應(yīng)器的菌群對有機(jī)負(fù)荷的提升比在35oC條件下更敏感。為了更直觀的表現(xiàn)厭氧菌群的組成特點(diǎn),構(gòu)建了厭氧氨氧化以及厭氧消化的微生物生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。結(jié)果表明,Kuenenia stuttgartiensis菌在厭氧氨氧化微生物網(wǎng)絡(luò)中占據(jù)最重要的位置。而對于厭氧消化系統(tǒng)而言,55oC條件下的微生物生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)遺傳穩(wěn)定性高于35oC條件下的微生物生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。這一現(xiàn)象說明,當(dāng)有機(jī)負(fù)荷逐漸提升時,55oC反應(yīng)器群落中關(guān)鍵功能菌群演替的同步性優(yōu)于35oC反應(yīng)器群落,因此,前者在面對不斷提高的有機(jī)負(fù)荷時仍表現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的穩(wěn)定性。此外,為了考察微生物生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在空間維度上的演變規(guī)律,以相同接種污泥在35oC條件下運(yùn)行另外兩個厭氧處理系統(tǒng):厭氧動態(tài)膜生物反應(yīng)器(An DMBR)和升流式厭氧污泥床(UASB)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),網(wǎng)絡(luò)在空間維度上的演變受空間范圍的影響,同一空間內(nèi)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)均勻度高于不同空間的網(wǎng)絡(luò)均勻度。從整體上看,微生物生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在空間維度上的變化比在短時間維度上的變化更明顯。
[Abstract]:Treatment and resource utilization of pollutants is one of the hot topics in the field of environmental engineering today. It is in line with the requirements of sustainable development. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation and anaerobic digestion are two important and typical anaerobic microbial processes in this field. The treatment systems developed based on these two processes are widely used in the treatment of nitrogen and organic waste. For a long time, the anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment system has a bottleneck to start slowly. Especially when the anaerobic ammonia oxidation is lacking, the start-up process may be over 1 years. For anaerobic digestion, the traditional reactor type, such as anaerobic fermentation tank, is simple and low in process cost, but the efficiency of sludge interception is low. Limited, usually only under the condition of low organic load (5kg-COD/ (M3? D)). In recent years, the initial filtration process of domestic sewage has been paid more and more attention. It is considered to be able to replace the initial sedimentation tank in the sewage plant and reduce the pressure of the subsequent process (such as membrane treatment). In order to understand the slow start of anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor and the problem that the traditional anaerobic digestion reactor can not operate under the high organic load condition, the starting strategy of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment system and the high negative effect of the sewage initial filtration product are studied by running different types of anaerobic treatment system and using the molecular biological analysis method. Under the condition of anaerobic digestion, the succession law of microbial communities in the two typical anaerobic treatment systems was analyzed by constructing an anaerobic ammonia oxidation and anaerobic digestion microbial ecological network. The study found that the type of reactor and the type of inoculated sludge all had important effects on the start-up of anammox. The SBR and the anaerobic membrane bioreactor (An MBR) started the anaerobic ammonia oxidation speed.SBR reactor to inoculate aerobic granular sludge, and increased the total nitrogen load from 0.03kg-N/ (M3? D) to 0.4 kg-N/ (M3? D) in 147 days, but the total nitrogen removal rate was low (~50%), and the effect was not ideal. The total nitrogen was negative by connecting the external microfiltration membrane module. The charge could be raised to 0.8 kg-N/ (M3? D) within 6 months and the total nitrogen removal rate was maintained at 70%~80%, and the other An MBR was inoculated with the activated sludge from the anoxic section of the sewage plant. The total nitrogen load was 0.7 kg-N/ (M3 d) and the total nitrogen removal rate was 30%~40%. in 8 months. The effect of the inoculation sludge on the start-up efficiency of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor was studied. The results showed that the more homogeneous the inoculated sludge community was, the higher the initial anammox content (106 gene copy number /m L) was, the more conducive to the quick start of the reactor. The results of molecular biological analysis showed that the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria Kuenenia stuttgartiensis was the dominant strain in the reactor, and its number in the fastest starting reactor was within 6 months. 3 orders of magnitude (109 gene copy number /m L) were improved. Cellulose was the main component of the initial filtration product of domestic sewage. The anaerobic fermentation tank was run for 656 days under the conditions of 55oC and 35oC. It was found that the reactor could operate steadily in the range of 14kg-COD/ (M3? D) under the condition of 35oC, and the methane yield reached 150Nm L/g COD. It is to further increase the organic load to reduce the methane yield to 50Nm L/g COD, and the reactor is seriously acidified. Under the condition of 55oC, the reactor can operate stably under the condition of organic load up to 22kg-COD/ (M3? D), the methane yield is 120NmL/g COD and the reactor is not acidified. The 454 sequencing results based on 16S R DNA show that the reaction is under the condition of reaction. The most dominant bacteria genus of the apparatus is Caldatribacterium saccharofermentans under the gate of OP9 bacteria, and the palaeobacteria belong to the genus Methanothermobacter; the most dominant bacteria under the 35oC condition are Bacteroides bacteria, and the palaeobacteria are Methanosaeta bacteria. The results of beta diversity indicate that the increase of organic load in the reactor under 55oC conditions is 3. 5oC is more sensitive. In order to show the composition of anaerobes more intuitively, a microbial ecological network for anaerobic ammonia oxidation and anaerobic digestion is constructed. The results show that Kuenenia stuttgartiensis bacteria occupy the most important position in the anaerobic ammonia oxidation microbial network. For anaerobic digestion system, the microorganism under the condition of 55oC is microbiological. The genetic stability of the ecological network is higher than the microbial ecological network under the 35oC condition. This phenomenon shows that when the organic load is gradually increased, the synchronization of the key functional groups in the 55oC reactor community is better than that of the 35oC reactor community. Therefore, the former still exhibits strong stability in the face of the increasing organic load. In order to investigate the evolution of microbial ecological network in the spatial dimension, two other anaerobic treatment systems were operated under the same inoculation sludge under 35oC conditions: anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor (An DMBR) and upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB). The study found that the evolution of the network in the space dimension was influenced by the space range, the same space. The network uniformity in the network is higher than the network uniformity in different spaces. As a whole, the changes in the spatial dimension of the microbial ecological network are more obvious than that in the short time dimension.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703.1

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