本文選題：重載鐵路 + 車輛-軌道耦合動(dòng)力學(xué)��； 參考：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：重載鐵路運(yùn)輸運(yùn)能大、效率高、運(yùn)輸成本低,是世界鐵路貨物運(yùn)輸發(fā)展的共同趨勢(shì)。在鐵路輪軌系統(tǒng)存在的諸多病害中,車輪與鋼軌的磨耗現(xiàn)象一直是最為普遍并且難以解決的問(wèn)題。輪軌磨耗引起車輪與鋼軌型面的改變,進(jìn)而會(huì)導(dǎo)致輪軌接觸狀態(tài)和系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力性能發(fā)生變化,對(duì)列車運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性、安全性及系統(tǒng)各部件使用壽命都會(huì)產(chǎn)生較大影響。對(duì)于重載鐵路而言,輪軌磨耗問(wèn)題尤為突出,養(yǎng)護(hù)維修工作巨大,磨耗超過(guò)一定限度如果沒(méi)有及時(shí)更換,則可能引起列車脫軌等重大事故。本文針對(duì)重載鐵路發(fā)展過(guò)程中凸顯出的輪軌磨耗問(wèn)題,在對(duì)既有研究進(jìn)行調(diào)研分析的基礎(chǔ)上,創(chuàng)建了較完善的輪軌磨耗演化發(fā)展的數(shù)值仿真預(yù)測(cè)模型,可對(duì)實(shí)際運(yùn)營(yíng)條件下車輪和鋼軌的磨耗分布特征、發(fā)展過(guò)程、規(guī)律進(jìn)行分析預(yù)測(cè)。首次對(duì)軌道柔性在磨耗計(jì)算中的影響進(jìn)行了探索研究。對(duì)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)、措施對(duì)于輪軌磨耗具體分布發(fā)展的影響規(guī)律進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究。提出了一種新的鋼軌型面優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型方法,并采用此方法對(duì)重載鐵路R75鋼軌型面進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),給出了R75鋼軌優(yōu)化型面。主要研究工作和成果如下:(1)創(chuàng)建了輪軌磨耗演化發(fā)展的數(shù)值仿真預(yù)測(cè)模型·針對(duì)輪軌磨耗問(wèn)題目前的研究現(xiàn)狀及存在的問(wèn)題,對(duì)重載鐵路輪軌磨耗演化過(guò)程的數(shù)值模擬進(jìn)行了深入研究,提出并建立了整套的輪軌磨耗演化發(fā)展預(yù)測(cè)模型。模型由車輛-軌道耦合動(dòng)力學(xué)計(jì)算、輪軌滾動(dòng)接觸分析、材料摩擦損失模型、復(fù)雜運(yùn)營(yíng)條件的模擬策略、型面更新自適應(yīng)步長(zhǎng)方法等內(nèi)容組成�；贏rchard材料磨損理論模型,在車輛軌道耦合動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真和輪軌局部接觸分析基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行輪軌接觸斑磨耗深度分布計(jì)算;通過(guò)多工況仿真并引入無(wú)量綱的權(quán)重因子來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)實(shí)際鐵路復(fù)雜運(yùn)營(yíng)條件的合理模擬;采用了一種自適應(yīng)步長(zhǎng)算法進(jìn)行輪軌型面的更新,可有效減少誤差累積、改善數(shù)值模型的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性。開(kāi)展數(shù)值試驗(yàn)對(duì)輪軌接觸斑網(wǎng)格密度對(duì)于粘著區(qū)滑動(dòng)區(qū)分布、蠕滑力分布、輪軌磨耗深度分布、輪軌磨耗速率指標(biāo)等的影響進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)分析,對(duì)磨耗模型中合理的接觸斑網(wǎng)格密度取值進(jìn)行了探討。(2)針對(duì)既有研究空白,首次對(duì)軟道柔性對(duì)于輪軟磨耗計(jì)算的影響進(jìn)行了探索研究·既有磨耗數(shù)值仿真研究中均未考慮軌道柔性的影響,針對(duì)此研究空白,本文對(duì)柔性軌道對(duì)輪軌磨耗的影響進(jìn)行了探索研究。首先,基于Pearce-Sherratt摩擦功磨耗理論建立了一種簡(jiǎn)化的輪軌磨耗計(jì)算模型,以提高磨耗計(jì)算速度。通過(guò)與所建立的精確磨耗模型對(duì)比,對(duì)簡(jiǎn)化模型的合理性進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。然后基于有限單元浮動(dòng)坐標(biāo)方法(FE/FFR)建立柔性軌道模型,通過(guò)縮減模態(tài)技術(shù)減少鋼軌振動(dòng)變形模態(tài)坐標(biāo)數(shù)目、消除高頻模態(tài)以減小計(jì)算代價(jià)。然后通過(guò)合理的輪軌接觸算法和鋼軌幾何型面更新策略實(shí)現(xiàn)車輛系統(tǒng)與柔性軌道系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)耦合。最后基于所建模型通過(guò)數(shù)值試驗(yàn)明確了理想軌道條件下和不平順軌道條件下柔性軌道對(duì)于輪軌磨耗發(fā)展的影響特性。(3)系統(tǒng)研究掌握了實(shí)際運(yùn)營(yíng)條件下重載鐵路車輪及鋼軌磨耗演化發(fā)展規(guī)律。通過(guò)系統(tǒng)的仿真分析,掌握了重載鐵路直線地段和曲線地段鋼軌的磨耗分布特征和發(fā)展規(guī)律、以及車輛通過(guò)曲線條件下不同位置車輪的磨耗分布發(fā)展特性,同時(shí)也驗(yàn)證了所建立的磨耗預(yù)測(cè)模型的合理性。并對(duì)大秦鐵路實(shí)際線路運(yùn)營(yíng)條件下重載車輛各車輪的實(shí)際磨耗發(fā)展過(guò)程進(jìn)行了數(shù)值仿真預(yù)測(cè)。(4)率先對(duì)關(guān)鍵材料、結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)及措施對(duì)于輪軌磨耗分布發(fā)展的影響規(guī)律進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究,為線路設(shè)計(jì)、運(yùn)營(yíng)、養(yǎng)護(hù)提供了理論依據(jù)和參考。設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)展了系統(tǒng)的數(shù)值試驗(yàn),對(duì)輪軌材料硬度、鋼軌軌底坡、貨車軸重、運(yùn)行速度等主要的材料結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)及鋼軌潤(rùn)滑等減磨措施對(duì)于輪軌磨耗水平以及具體分布發(fā)展?fàn)顩r的影響規(guī)律、特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究,并提出了系列的建議和原則。為線路設(shè)計(jì)、運(yùn)營(yíng)管理及養(yǎng)護(hù)維修提供了理論依據(jù)和參考。(5)提出了一種新的鋼軌型面優(yōu)化模型方法,并給出了重載鐵路R75鋼軌優(yōu)化型面,可有效改善輪軌動(dòng)力相互作用,減緩磨耗發(fā)展。對(duì)重載鐵路鋼軌型面的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了深入研究,提出了一種新的鋼軌型面優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型方法。將鋼軌型面參數(shù)化處理,表示為一系列離散點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)變化量的廣義函數(shù)。然后以所有可能輪軌接觸情形下接觸點(diǎn)附近輪軌型面共形度最高為原則設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化目標(biāo)函數(shù)。在目標(biāo)函數(shù)構(gòu)造過(guò)程中,編制了輪軌接觸幾何算法以實(shí)現(xiàn)輪軌接觸點(diǎn)位置的快速探測(cè)。為了滿足一些基本限制,施加了一系列線性/非線性約束條件。這樣,將鋼軌型面優(yōu)化問(wèn)題創(chuàng)新性地抽象為一個(gè)典型的單目標(biāo)多變量多約束非線性數(shù)學(xué)優(yōu)化問(wèn)題。采用序列二次規(guī)劃算法(SQP)結(jié)合拉格朗日方程、擬牛頓方法實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)此優(yōu)化模型的快速準(zhǔn)確求解。基于所建立的優(yōu)化模型,對(duì)我國(guó)重載鐵路R75鋼軌型面進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)以更好地匹配LM型車輪型面,并提出了 R75優(yōu)化型面。分別從型面幾何特征、輪軌接觸幾何關(guān)系、車輛-軌道系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)性能并最終從輪軌磨耗發(fā)展方面對(duì)優(yōu)化型面和原始型面進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的對(duì)比分析。結(jié)果表明,優(yōu)化型面可有效改善輪軌接觸幾何關(guān)系及動(dòng)態(tài)相互作用,有效減緩輪軌磨耗的發(fā)展,可考慮作為我國(guó)重載鐵路鋼軌設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)較好的選擇。
[Abstract]:Heavy haul railway transportation has large transportation energy, high efficiency and low transportation cost. It is a common trend in the development of railway freight transportation in the world. In many diseases of railway wheel rail system, the wear phenomenon of wheel and rail has been the most common and difficult to be solved. Wheel rail wear causes wheel and rail profile change, which will lead to wheel and rail. The change of the contact state and the dynamic performance of the system will have great influence on the train running stability, safety and the service life of the components of the system. For heavy haul railway, the wheel rail wear problem is particularly prominent, the maintenance and maintenance work is great, and the wear over a certain limit, if the fruit is not changed in time, may cause the train derailment and so on. In this paper, aiming at the wheel rail wear problem highlighted in the process of heavy haul railway development, based on the research and analysis of the existing research, a more perfect numerical simulation prediction model of wheel rail wear evolution and development is established, which can be used to analyze the wear distribution characteristics, development process and law of wheel and rail under actual operating conditions. The influence of the track flexibility in the wear calculation is explored for the first time. The effect of the key parameters and measures on the development of the wheel rail wear specific distribution is systematically studied. A new mathematical model method for the rail surface optimization is put forward, and the method is used to optimize the R75 rail surface of the heavy haul railway. The optimized surface of R75 rail is given. The main research work and achievements are as follows: (1) the numerical simulation prediction model of wheel rail wear evolution and development is created. In view of the current research status and existing problems of wheel rail wear, the number value simulation of wheel rail wear evolution process in heavy load railway is deeply studied and set up and set up. The model is composed of vehicle track coupling dynamic calculation, wheel rail coupling dynamics calculation, wheel rail rolling contact analysis, material friction loss model, complex operation condition simulation strategy, model surface updating adaptive step length method and so on. Based on Archard material wear theory model, vehicle track coupling dynamics simulation and wheel On the basis of local contact analysis of rail, the depth distribution of wheel rail contact spot wear is calculated. A reasonable simulation of the complex operating conditions of the actual railway is realized through the simulation of multiple working conditions and the introduction of the dimensionless weight factor. An adaptive step length algorithm is used to update the wheel rail profile, which can effectively reduce the accumulation of errors and improve the numerical model. The numerical test is carried out to carry out a systematic analysis on the influence of wheel rail contact spot grid density on the sliding zone distribution, creep force distribution, wheel rail wear depth distribution, wheel rail wear rate index and so on. The reasonable contact spot grid density value in wear model is discussed. (2) there are both research space. In white, the influence of soft channel flexibility on the calculation of wheel soft wear was explored for the first time. The influence of orbital flexibility was not considered in the numerical simulation of existing wear. The effect of flexible track on wheel rail wear was explored in this paper. First, the theory of friction work wear based on Pearce-Sherratt was established. The simplified model of wheel rail wear calculation is introduced to improve the speed of wear calculation. The rationality of the simplified model is verified by comparing with the exact wear model established. Then the flexible track model is established based on the finite element floating coordinate method (FE/FFR), and the number of modal coordinates of the rail vibration deformation is reduced by reducing the mode state technology. In addition, the high frequency mode is used to reduce the computational cost. Then the dynamic coupling of the vehicle system and the flexible rail system is realized by the rational wheel rail contact algorithm and the rail geometry surface updating strategy. Finally, based on the numerical test, the flexible track for wheel rail wear and rail wear under the ideal track condition and the uneven track condition is determined. (3) the system research has mastered the evolution and development law of heavy load railway wheels and rail wear under the actual operating conditions. Through the system simulation analysis, the wear distribution characteristics and development rules of the rail in the heavy load railway line and the curve section are mastered, as well as the wear of the wheels in different positions under the curve conditions. It also verified the rationality of the established wear prediction model, and carried out numerical simulation prediction on the actual wear development process of the wheel of heavy load vehicles under the actual line operation condition of Daqin Railway. (4) the influence law of key materials, structural parameters and measures on the development of wheel rail wear distribution was carried out. The system research provides a theoretical basis and reference for the design, operation and maintenance of the line. A systematic numerical test is designed and carried out to influence the wheel rail material hardness, the rail rail bottom slope, the axle load of the freight car, the running speed and other main material structure parameters and the rail lubrication to reduce the wear level and the specific distribution development of the rail lubrication. Law and characteristics have been systematically studied, and a series of suggestions and principles are put forward. It provides a theoretical basis and reference for line design, operation management and maintenance. (5) a new method of rail surface optimization model is proposed, and an optimized rail surface for heavy rail R75 rail is given, which can effectively improve the interaction of wheel and rail dynamic and slow down wear and wear. The problem of optimal design of rail profile surface for heavy haul railway is deeply studied. A new mathematical model method for rail profile optimization is proposed. The parameterized rail surface is parameterized as a generalized function of a series of discrete point coordinates. In order to satisfy some basic constraints, a series of linear / nonlinear constraints are applied to meet some basic restrictions. In order to meet some basic restrictions, a series of linear / nonlinear constraints are applied. Thus, the optimization of rail surface optimization is abstracted to a typical one. The single objective multivariable and multi constraint nonlinear mathematical optimization problem is solved by using the sequential two order programming algorithm (SQP) combining the Lagrange equation and the quasi Newton method to solve this optimization model quickly and accurately. Based on the established optimization model, the optimal design of R75 rail surface in heavy haul railway in China is designed to better match the LM wheel type surface. The optimized surface of R75 is put forward. The geometric characteristics of the surface, the contact geometry of wheel and rail, the dynamic performance of the vehicle track system and the ultimate surface of the wheel rail wear are compared and analyzed. The results show that the geometric relationship and dynamic interaction of the wheel and rail contact can be effectively improved by the optimized surface. The effective development of wheel rail wear can be considered as a better choice for rail design of heavy haul railways in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U211.5

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 楊軍民;;我國(guó)鐵路重載運(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展[J];發(fā)展;2011年01期

2 王彩蕓;王文健;郭俊;劉啟躍;;曲線半徑對(duì)鋼軌磨損影響的數(shù)值計(jì)算與試驗(yàn)分析[J];摩擦學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2010年06期

3 司道林;王繼軍;孟宏;;鋼軌軌底坡對(duì)重載鐵路輪軌關(guān)系影響的研究[J];鐵道建筑;2010年05期

4 李霞;金學(xué)松;胡東;;車輪磨耗計(jì)算模型及其數(shù)值方法[J];機(jī)械工程學(xué)報(bào);2009年09期

5 李霞;溫澤峰;張劍;金學(xué)松;;軌底坡對(duì)輪軌滾動(dòng)接觸行為的影響[J];機(jī)械強(qiáng)度;2009年03期

6 李霞;溫澤峰;金學(xué)松;;鋼軌軌底坡對(duì)LM和LM_A兩種輪對(duì)接觸行為的影響[J];機(jī)械工程學(xué)報(bào);2008年03期

7 張劍;溫澤峰;孫麗萍;金學(xué)松;;基于鋼軌型面擴(kuò)展法的車輪型面設(shè)計(jì)[J];機(jī)械工程學(xué)報(bào);2008年03期

8 李亨利;李芾;傅茂海;黃運(yùn)華;;曲線幾何參數(shù)對(duì)貨車轉(zhuǎn)向架曲線通過(guò)性能的影響[J];中國(guó)鐵道科學(xué);2008年01期

9 陳鵬;高亮;郝建芳;;鐵路曲線上輪軌磨耗影響參數(shù)的仿真研究[J];中國(guó)鐵道科學(xué);2007年05期

10 侯亞捷;陳雷;張顯鋒;;關(guān)于澳大利亞鐵路貨車的介紹與思考[J];鐵道車輛;2007年02期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張良威;重載貨車輪軌磨耗研究[D];西南交通大學(xué);2008年

，

本文編號(hào)：2063613