本文選題：鑿巖 + 溢流閥��； 參考：《北京科技大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：鑿巖鉆車是礦山用于鉆鑿炮孔的一種設(shè)備,但由于鑿巖系統(tǒng)中的溢流閥普遍存在著調(diào)壓偏差大,壓力振擺,動作不靈敏,壓力損失大,噪聲大等問題,在定壓溢流和超壓保護(hù)過程中的振蕩失穩(wěn)行為致使鉆臂抖動,定位精確度不高,排渣困難,影響鑿巖作業(yè)的效率。溢流閥是通過閥口的溢流作用,使被控制系統(tǒng)或回路的壓力維持恒定,實現(xiàn)調(diào)壓、穩(wěn)壓和限壓的目的。如何使鑿巖系統(tǒng)回路減振降噪,并有效保障鑿巖鉆車的持續(xù)工作能力,得到了越來越多的國內(nèi)外學(xué)者的關(guān)注。本論文以鑿巖溢流閥為研究對象,圍繞其失穩(wěn)特性進(jìn)行相關(guān)研究。針對可壓縮流工作介質(zhì),提出了將溢流閥等同于理想收縮噴管的方法。將溢流閥的流動狀態(tài)分為三種,即亞臨界、臨界和超臨界。根據(jù)流量比和背壓比的關(guān)系曲線,將亞臨界和臨界流動狀態(tài)用近似四分之一橢圓的軌跡來描述,并得到溢流閥的橢圓方程流量特性曲線。針對不可壓縮流工作介質(zhì),基于非光滑分岔理論和延拓法,分析了錐閥溢流閥的失穩(wěn)現(xiàn)象。為了提高其穩(wěn)定特性,分析了系統(tǒng)回路中錐閥溢流閥的結(jié)構(gòu)特點,考慮管道的彈性和閥芯碰撞閥座時的能量損失,建立了溢流閥的無量綱動力學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)模型,進(jìn)行線性穩(wěn)定性和Lyapunov指數(shù)分析。利用軟件XPPAUT和MATLAB得到不同開啟壓力的相位和向量場分布圖,和不同初值條件下閥芯在時域上的運(yùn)動軌跡。畫出單參數(shù)和雙參數(shù)分岔圖,理論分析Hopf分岔、極限環(huán)鞍結(jié)點分岔、廣義Hopf分岔和尖點分岔等分岔現(xiàn)象,分析了典型的閥芯在時域上的開啟高度和頻譜圖。對可壓縮流和不可壓縮流工作介質(zhì),分析了反沖盤式閥芯溢流閥的動作原理。建立了溢流閥的升力數(shù)學(xué)模型,分析了閥芯結(jié)構(gòu)對升力特性的影響。介紹了衡量溢流閥流量特性的技術(shù)參數(shù),分析了閥芯開啟高度對流量特性的影響。進(jìn)行了溢流閥的升力特性實驗,得到了實測升力和閥進(jìn)出口壓差在不同開啟高度和流量下的特性曲線。對理論和實測升力進(jìn)行了對比分析,得到了局部阻力系數(shù)和閥芯等效面積在不同開啟高度和流量下的變化規(guī)律。分析了靜態(tài)失穩(wěn)和動態(tài)失穩(wěn)的表現(xiàn)形式,進(jìn)行了溢流閥的失穩(wěn)特性實驗,利用變頻器的可編程多段速功能實現(xiàn)泵流量的多段輸出,研究流量、開啟壓力和入口管長度對失穩(wěn)特性的影響因素。分析了頻跳失穩(wěn)時的水錘現(xiàn)象,對理論和實測水錘增壓進(jìn)行了對比分析。通過本文的理論分析、仿真模擬和實驗驗證,為鑿巖系統(tǒng)溢流閥穩(wěn)定性的設(shè)計和研究提供了一定的理論指導(dǎo)和依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Rock drilling rig is a kind of equipment used to drill hole in mine, but the relief valve in rock drilling system has many problems such as large pressure adjustment deviation, pressure oscillation, insensitive action, large pressure loss, large noise and so on. The oscillatory instability in the process of constant pressure overflow and overpressure protection results in the jitter of the drill arm, low positioning accuracy and difficult slag discharge, which affects the efficiency of rock drilling. The relief valve is used to keep the pressure of the controlled system or loop constant through the relief action of the valve opening, and to achieve the purpose of regulating, stabilizing and limiting the pressure. More and more scholars at home and abroad pay attention to how to reduce vibration and noise of drilling system loop and effectively guarantee the continuous working ability of drilling rig. In this paper, the rock drilling relief valve as a research object, around its instability characteristics. A method of equating relief valve with ideal shrink nozzle is proposed for compressible flow medium. The flow state of relief valve is divided into three types: subcritical, critical and supercritical. According to the relation curve between flow ratio and back pressure ratio, the subcritical and critical flow states are described by approximately 1/4 elliptic trajectories, and the flow characteristic curves of the elliptic equation of relief valve are obtained. Based on the theory of non-smooth bifurcation and continuation method, the instability of cone relief valve is analyzed for incompressible flow medium. In order to improve its stability, the structural characteristics of the cone valve relief valve in the system loop are analyzed. Considering the elasticity of the pipeline and the energy loss when the valve core collides with the valve seat, the dimensionless dynamic mathematical model of the relief valve is established. Linear stability and Lyapunov exponents are analyzed. Using the software XPPAUT and MATLAB to obtain the phase and vector field distribution of different opening pressures and the movement track of the spool in time domain under different initial values. The single parameter and two parameter bifurcation diagrams are drawn, and Hopf bifurcation, saddle node bifurcation of limit cycle, generalized Hopf bifurcation and cusp bifurcation are analyzed theoretically. The opening height and spectrum diagram of typical spool in time domain are analyzed. The operation principle of recoil disc valve core relief valve is analyzed for compressible and incompressible flow media. The lift mathematical model of relief valve is established, and the influence of valve core structure on lift characteristics is analyzed. This paper introduces the technical parameters to measure the flow characteristics of relief valve, and analyzes the influence of the valve core opening height on the flow characteristics. The lift characteristics of the relief valve were tested and the characteristic curves of the lift force and the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the valve at different opening heights and flow rates were obtained. The variation of local resistance coefficient and the equivalent area of the valve core under different opening height and flow rate are obtained by comparing the theoretical and measured lift forces. The static instability and dynamic instability are analyzed, and the experiment of the instability characteristics of relief valve is carried out. The multi-stage output of pump flow is realized by using the programmable multi-stage speed function of frequency converter, and the flow rate is studied. The influence factors of the opening pressure and the length of the inlet tube on the instability characteristics. The phenomenon of water hammer during frequency hopping instability is analyzed, and the theoretical and measured water hammer pressurization is compared and analyzed. Through the theoretical analysis, simulation and experimental verification, this paper provides a certain theoretical guidance and basis for the design and study of the stability of the relief valve in rock drilling system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD421.2

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本文編號：2034264