本文選題：中國(guó)制造業(yè) + 大氣污染�。� 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：大氣污染是中國(guó)面臨的最嚴(yán)峻的環(huán)境問題之一。社會(huì)各界對(duì)大氣污染關(guān)注程度日益提高,各級(jí)環(huán)保部門對(duì)全國(guó)空氣質(zhì)量進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)發(fā)布,社會(huì)公眾對(duì)企業(yè)的排污行為、政府的環(huán)境監(jiān)管行為進(jìn)行著全面有效的監(jiān)督。政府部門也把防污治霾作為不容忽視的工作任務(wù),產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、重污染行業(yè)去產(chǎn)能、新環(huán)境保護(hù)稅法出臺(tái)等,都成為"藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)"的重要舉措。大氣污染作為一個(gè)全球性的環(huán)境問題,在已經(jīng)完成工業(yè)化革命的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家出現(xiàn)時(shí)間較早,比如1952年的"倫敦?zé)熿F事件"就被列入二十世紀(jì)十大環(huán)境公害事件之一。處于工業(yè)化進(jìn)程中的國(guó)家也在盡力避免"先污染后治理",努力平衡經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護(hù)的關(guān)系。學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)大氣污染現(xiàn)象的研究?jī)?nèi)容不斷豐富與深入,論證愈發(fā)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。自然科學(xué)領(lǐng)域?qū)Ω黝惔髿馕廴疚锏膩碓催M(jìn)行探索分析,社會(huì)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域力圖研究各類社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素對(duì)大氣污染的影響,交叉學(xué)科的分析使得對(duì)大氣污染的相關(guān)研究更加完善與精確。這為大氣污染的進(jìn)一步研究提供了詳實(shí)的素材案例,也為防治大氣污染環(huán)境政策的制定提供了很好的借鑒。但是,單從大氣污染呈現(xiàn)出的嚴(yán)重性與危害性來認(rèn)識(shí)這一環(huán)境問題是不夠的。在分析美國(guó)大氣污染的文獻(xiàn)中,Levinson(2009)和Shapiro and Walker(2015)等的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),美國(guó)制造業(yè)產(chǎn)出的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)并沒有惡化其空氣質(zhì)量,相反大氣污染物的排放量呈現(xiàn)出下降趨勢(shì)。受到這一研究結(jié)果的啟發(fā),本篇論文對(duì)中國(guó)主要大氣污染物排放量的相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了整合與計(jì)算,發(fā)現(xiàn)工業(yè)二氧化硫、工業(yè)煙塵、工業(yè)粉塵、可吸入顆粒物PM10和細(xì)顆粒物PM2.5等在全國(guó)層面、省份層面以及城市層面,均呈現(xiàn)出不同程度的波動(dòng)下降趨勢(shì),這一現(xiàn)象也得到了其他文獻(xiàn)的證實(shí)(Dean and Lovely 2010;Liu and Wang 2015;Zhang 2003)。因此,"大氣污染物排放量呈現(xiàn)波動(dòng)下降趨勢(shì)"是本篇論文強(qiáng)調(diào)的重要事實(shí),這一特點(diǎn)與"大氣污染嚴(yán)重"這一現(xiàn)狀相比非常容易被忽視。大氣污染物排放量的下降就意味著空氣質(zhì)量的提高,盡管此結(jié)論與中國(guó)正在經(jīng)受的嚴(yán)重大氣污染并無沖突,卻不如美國(guó)大氣污染物排放量的下降趨勢(shì)容易理解與接受:美國(guó)的情況符合環(huán)境庫(kù)茲涅茨曲線假說,即在經(jīng)濟(jì)獲得長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展之后,環(huán)境質(zhì)量會(huì)在跨過某個(gè)臨界點(diǎn)后開始好轉(zhuǎn);雖然環(huán)境庫(kù)茲涅茨曲線是否在中國(guó)存在并無定論,但中國(guó)是如何在經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展的同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)了大氣環(huán)境的改善?同樣是對(duì)影響中國(guó)大氣污染的因素進(jìn)行分析,本篇論文提出了一個(gè)新的論點(diǎn)來支持相關(guān)研究:中國(guó)大氣污染嚴(yán)重并不能掩蓋空氣質(zhì)量好轉(zhuǎn)這一事實(shí),立足于大氣污染物排放量的實(shí)際變動(dòng)情況,識(shí)別出促成中國(guó)大氣污染減排的因素,既是對(duì)中國(guó)過去防污治霾工作的肯定,也可以為中國(guó)大氣污染的進(jìn)一步減排提供更有針對(duì)性的政策建議。從整體框架來講,本篇論文對(duì)中國(guó)大氣污染物排放量變動(dòng)影響因素的分析共包括了九個(gè)章節(jié)內(nèi)容,章與章之間的邏輯思路以及每章的具體內(nèi)容如下:第一章是導(dǎo)論部分。在這一章對(duì)中國(guó)主要大氣污染物排放量的實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了整合,基于此引出了本篇論文的研究背景,并對(duì)本篇論文的研究意義進(jìn)行闡述,進(jìn)而從研究思路和研究方法出發(fā),對(duì)整個(gè)文章進(jìn)行了概括性的介紹。除此之外還提出了本篇論文的潛在創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)與不足。第二章的文獻(xiàn)綜述對(duì)污染物排放量影響因素、作用機(jī)制和分析方法等進(jìn)行梳理,這一章為本篇論文待研究問題提供了重要基礎(chǔ)與借鑒。統(tǒng)籌考慮了數(shù)據(jù)的可獲得性以及與已有研究的延續(xù)性,本篇論文選擇了三種大氣污染物進(jìn)行分析:工業(yè)二氧化硫、工業(yè)煙塵和工業(yè)粉塵,而且限定以上工業(yè)廢氣均來自于制造業(yè)行業(yè)。從2001年到2010年,工業(yè)二氧化硫排放量上升了 34.48%,但是在2007年達(dá)到最高值,之后呈現(xiàn)出下降趨勢(shì);工業(yè)煙塵和工業(yè)粉塵則分別下降了 11.43%和43.10%,哪些因素直接影響了這三種大氣污染物排放量的變動(dòng)是本篇論文首先研究的問題。根據(jù) Copeland and Taylor(1994),Grossman and Krueger(1995)和Levinson(2009)的研究結(jié)果,規(guī)模效應(yīng)、結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)、技術(shù)效應(yīng)和國(guó)際貿(mào)易效應(yīng)是直接影響到大氣污染物排放量的四個(gè)因素�；诖�,本篇論文在第三章結(jié)合了 Levinson(2009)的統(tǒng)計(jì)性分解方法和Miller and Blair(2009)的投入產(chǎn)出分析框架,對(duì)上述三種大氣污染物在2001-2010年間的實(shí)際排放量進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)性分解,測(cè)算規(guī)模效應(yīng)、結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)、技術(shù)效應(yīng)和國(guó)際貿(mào)易效應(yīng)這四個(gè)直接來源渠道對(duì)其排放量變動(dòng)的影響程度。統(tǒng)計(jì)性分解結(jié)果顯示,通過污染排放強(qiáng)度衡量的技術(shù)效應(yīng)是這三種大氣污染物排放量在這十年間呈現(xiàn)出波動(dòng)下降趨勢(shì)的主要原因,產(chǎn)量擴(kuò)張代表的規(guī)模效應(yīng)、不同行業(yè)占比代表的結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)以及國(guó)際貿(mào)易可能帶來的污染轉(zhuǎn)移并沒有明顯的促進(jìn)大氣污染減排。統(tǒng)計(jì)性分解的結(jié)果為下文分析提供了方向和思路:既然技術(shù)效應(yīng)在大氣污染減排中發(fā)揮了主導(dǎo)作用,那又是由哪些社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素推動(dòng)了污染排放強(qiáng)度的下降?從第四章到第七章均為對(duì)中國(guó)大氣污染物排放量呈現(xiàn)出的下降趨勢(shì)以及污染排放強(qiáng)度變動(dòng)原因的討論與分析,其中第四章的一般均衡分析框架是第五章至第七章的理論基礎(chǔ),第五章和第六章實(shí)證分析的參數(shù)估計(jì)又是第七章反事實(shí)分析的基礎(chǔ)。借鑒Shapiro and Walker(2015)的思路,第四章從消費(fèi)者效用最大化、生產(chǎn)者利潤(rùn)最大化等經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)基本假設(shè)出發(fā),把政府的環(huán)境規(guī)制、企業(yè)在出口活動(dòng)中承擔(dān)的貿(mào)易成本納入分析框架,構(gòu)建了一個(gè)可以反映企業(yè)層面和行業(yè)層面污染物排放量決定的理論模型。這一理論分析框架很好的反映了企業(yè)生產(chǎn)行為、政府環(huán)境監(jiān)管和國(guó)際貿(mào)易在污染物排放量變動(dòng)中的機(jī)制:企業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)所帶來的污染物排放受到其生產(chǎn)力水平、環(huán)境規(guī)制強(qiáng)度和貿(mào)易成本的影響,因此這三者都會(huì)影響到污染排放強(qiáng)度;行業(yè)層面的污染物排放又會(huì)因?yàn)楦呶廴拘袠I(yè)和低污染行業(yè)占比的不同影響到污染物總排放量。根據(jù)第三章統(tǒng)計(jì)性分解的結(jié)論,污染排放強(qiáng)度代表的技術(shù)效應(yīng)是中國(guó)制造業(yè)大氣污染物排放量呈現(xiàn)波動(dòng)下降趨勢(shì)的主要原因,第四章的理論模型又顯示污染排放強(qiáng)度受到生產(chǎn)力水平、環(huán)境規(guī)制強(qiáng)度和貿(mào)易成本的影響,因此對(duì)這三者在大氣污染物排放量變動(dòng)中的作用程度進(jìn)行比較,就可以分析出中國(guó)制造業(yè)大氣污染物排放量呈現(xiàn)波動(dòng)下降趨勢(shì)的主導(dǎo)因素�；谥袊�(guó)工業(yè)企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)2001-2007年企業(yè)層面的微觀數(shù)據(jù),第五章是對(duì)理論模型中污染排放強(qiáng)度和污染減排強(qiáng)度彈性系數(shù)的測(cè)算,這一彈性系數(shù)也代表了單位產(chǎn)出的大氣污染減排支出,因此可以對(duì)不同行業(yè)的環(huán)境保護(hù)稅進(jìn)行測(cè)算。借鑒Hsieh and Ossa(2011)的研究結(jié)果,第六章得到不同行業(yè)產(chǎn)品間的替代彈性以及服從帕累托分布的生產(chǎn)力水平的參數(shù)。第五章和第六章的研究結(jié)果提供了理論模型所需的關(guān)鍵參數(shù),第七章把這些參數(shù)估計(jì)結(jié)果帶入到理論分析框架所得的均衡條件中,使用行業(yè)層面的數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)生產(chǎn)力水平、環(huán)境規(guī)制強(qiáng)度和國(guó)際貿(mào)易構(gòu)建反事實(shí)情景值,應(yīng)用反事實(shí)分析的方法估計(jì)三者在中國(guó)制造業(yè)2001-2007年大氣污染物排放量變動(dòng)中的影響程度。反事實(shí)分析的結(jié)果顯示,環(huán)境規(guī)制足污染排放強(qiáng)度下降的主要原因,因此來自中國(guó)制造業(yè)的大氣污染排放量在這七年間呈現(xiàn)出的減排趨勢(shì)得益于環(huán)境規(guī)制。第八章之前的分析框架考慮了國(guó)家層面、行業(yè)層面以及企業(yè)層面的情景,除了在第三章的統(tǒng)計(jì)性分解中對(duì)中國(guó)不同省份污染排放強(qiáng)度的簡(jiǎn)單分析,并沒有把中國(guó)地域間的差異考慮在內(nèi),而中國(guó)地域遼闊,不同地區(qū)的自然地理和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況千差萬別,基于全國(guó)層面的分析并不能完整的反映中國(guó)大氣污染實(shí)際情況。第八章對(duì)此進(jìn)行了補(bǔ)充,通過構(gòu)建一個(gè)兩區(qū)域的共同代理模型,在環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)公平的框架內(nèi),分析社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素中的一個(gè)點(diǎn)—收入因素—對(duì)不同區(qū)域環(huán)境規(guī)制強(qiáng)度的影響。研究結(jié)果顯示,不同地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平的不同會(huì)對(duì)大氣污染源的分布產(chǎn)生影響,因此收入因素會(huì)使得環(huán)境政策的實(shí)施有偏。最后一章是結(jié)論與政策建議。本篇論文的研究結(jié)果著重強(qiáng)調(diào)了兩個(gè)方面。一方面,社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素對(duì)中國(guó)大氣污染物排放量變動(dòng)產(chǎn)生影響的微觀作用機(jī)制。能夠?qū)Υ髿馕廴疚锱欧帕孔儎?dòng)產(chǎn)生影響的因素非常多,厘清各個(gè)因素發(fā)揮作用的途徑是至關(guān)重要的。對(duì)影響機(jī)制的分析既可以為經(jīng)驗(yàn)分析提供因果邏輯,避免單純的相關(guān)性分析;也可以為大氣污染減排政策提供更加準(zhǔn)確的方向。另一方面,異質(zhì)性對(duì)大氣污染物排放量變動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的影響。不同國(guó)家、不同區(qū)域、不同時(shí)間段、不同行業(yè)、不同污染物等,都會(huì)對(duì)大氣污染物排放量影響因素的分析結(jié)果產(chǎn)生影響,如果不對(duì)上述因素進(jìn)行區(qū)分來研究大氣污染必然會(huì)造成一定的偏誤,基于這樣的研究結(jié)果提出的防污治霾政策會(huì)有偏、無效甚至造成不利影響。本篇論文潛在的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)包括以下三方面:第一,強(qiáng)調(diào)中國(guó)大氣污染物排放量呈現(xiàn)出波動(dòng)下降趨勢(shì)的事實(shí),以此作為研究的出發(fā)點(diǎn)。研究過程中,基于大氣污染物實(shí)際排放量數(shù)據(jù)分析變動(dòng)原因,注意區(qū)分了不同行業(yè)、不同地區(qū)和不同大氣污染物對(duì)大氣污染物排放量變動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的異質(zhì)性影響�；谘芯拷Y(jié)果為空氣質(zhì)量改善提出針對(duì)不同行業(yè)、不同地區(qū)和不同大氣污染物的建議,即"精準(zhǔn)減排",有利于提高大氣污染進(jìn)一步減排的效率。第二,理論分析從消費(fèi)者效用最大化、生產(chǎn)者利潤(rùn)最大化的基本假設(shè)出發(fā),把環(huán)境規(guī)制與貿(mào)易成本納入同一框架之內(nèi),可以反映出企業(yè)污染物排放的典型特點(diǎn),實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)污染物排放量變動(dòng)影響因素的綜合考量,也有助于厘清各個(gè)因素在大氣污染物排放量變動(dòng)中的微觀作用機(jī)制,這為實(shí)證分析部分提供了必要的理論基礎(chǔ);同時(shí),實(shí)證分析的具體問題也實(shí)現(xiàn)了與中國(guó)當(dāng)前環(huán)境政策的對(duì)接。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),環(huán)境規(guī)制既直接影響到污染排放強(qiáng)度,也可以通過價(jià)格機(jī)制作用于生產(chǎn)力水平和貿(mào)易成本間接的影響到污染排放強(qiáng)度;污染排放強(qiáng)度下降又是中國(guó)大氣污染物排放量呈現(xiàn)波動(dòng)下降趨勢(shì)的主導(dǎo)因素。第三,運(yùn)用反事實(shí)分析法對(duì)各個(gè)因素在中國(guó)大氣污染物排放量變動(dòng)中的影響程度進(jìn)行測(cè)算。大氣污染物排放量的變動(dòng)受到社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)中多重因素的影響,此方法強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)因素在截面上的相關(guān)性,因此在保持其他因素不變的情況下,把某一因素的反事實(shí)情景值帶入到實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)估計(jì)所得一般均衡模型中,就可以基于過去的數(shù)據(jù)推測(cè)這一因素對(duì)大氣污染物排放產(chǎn)生的影響;因果關(guān)系相對(duì)明確,實(shí)證結(jié)果相對(duì)穩(wěn)健。
[Abstract]:Air pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems facing China. All walks of life are paying more attention to air pollution. Environmental protection departments at all levels publish the national air quality in real time. The public has carried out full and effective supervision on the pollutant discharge behavior of enterprises and the government's environmental supervision behavior. The government departments have also made pollution prevention and cure haze. As a global environmental problem, air pollution, as a global environmental problem, appeared earlier in the developed countries that had completed the industrial revolution, such as the "London smog event" in 1952. It is one of the ten environmental pollution incidents in twentieth Century. The country in the process of industrialization is also trying to avoid "pollution after pollution first", and strive to balance the relationship between economic development and environmental protection. The research content of atmospheric pollution is constantly enriched and in-depth, and the evidence is more rigorous in the academic field. The source of the dye is explored and analyzed. The field of social science is trying to study the influence of various social and economic factors on air pollution. The analysis of interdisciplinary studies makes the study of atmospheric pollution more perfect and accurate. This provides a detailed case for further research on atmospheric pollution and a policy for the prevention and control of air pollution. However, it is not enough to recognize the environmental problem only from the severity and harmfulness of atmospheric pollution. In the literature of the analysis of American atmospheric pollution, Levinson (2009) and Shapiro and Walker (2015) have found that the continuous growth of US manufacturing output has not worsened its air quality. Inspired by the results of this study, this paper has integrated and calculated the relevant statistical contents of the main emission of air pollutants in China, and found that industrial sulfur dioxide, industrial dust, industrial dust, inhalable particulate matter PM10 and fine particulate matter PM2.5 are at the national level. This phenomenon has also been confirmed by other literature (Dean and Lovely 2010; Liu and Wang 2015; Zhang 2003). Therefore, "the emission of atmospheric pollutants shows a trend of fluctuation" is an important fact emphasized in this paper, which is characterized by "serious air pollution". The decline in atmospheric pollutant emissions means an increase in air quality, although there is no conflict with the serious atmospheric pollution that China is undergoing, but it is not as easy to understand and accept that the downward trend of air pollutants in the United States is easier than that in the United States: the situation in the United States meets the Kuznets curve of the environment. The hypothesis is that the environmental quality will begin to improve after stride over a certain critical point. Although there is no definite conclusion on whether the environmental Kuznets curve exists in China, how can China achieve the improvement of the atmosphere while the economy is developing at a high speed? The same is the analysis of the factors affecting China's air pollution. This paper puts forward a new argument to support the relevant research: the fact that China's air pollution is serious and can not cover up the improvement of air quality. Based on the actual changes in the emission of air pollutants, it identifies the factors contributing to the reduction of air pollution in China. It is both affirmative to China's past antifouling and haze treatment. The further emission reduction of air pollution in China provides more targeted policy recommendations. From the overall framework, the analysis of the factors affecting the changes in the emissions of air pollutants in China includes nine chapters, the logical ideas between chapters and chapters as well as the specific contents of each chapter are as follows: Chapter 1 is the introduction. The actual data of the main emission of air pollutants in China are integrated. Based on this, the research background of this paper is introduced, and the significance of this paper is expounded. From the research ideas and methods, the whole article is introduced briefly. Besides, the potential innovation of this paper is also put forward. The second chapter reviews the influence factors, the mechanism of action and the analysis method of the pollutant emission, which provides an important basis and reference for the problem to be studied in this paper. The availability of the data and the continuity of the existing research are considered as a whole, and three kinds of air pollutants are selected in this paper. Line analysis: industrial sulfur dioxide, industrial dust and industrial dust, and the above industrial waste gases are all derived from the manufacturing industry. From 2001 to 2010, industrial sulfur dioxide emissions increased by 34.48%, but reached the highest in 2007, followed by a downward trend; industrial dust and industrial dust dropped by 11.43% and 43.1, respectively. 0%, which factors directly affect the changes in the emission of these three kinds of air pollutants is the first problem in this paper. According to the results of Copeland and Taylor (1994), Grossman and Krueger (1995) and Levinson (2009), scale effect, structural effect, technical effect and international trade effect directly affect the emission of air pollutants. In this paper, in this paper, the third chapter combines the statistical decomposition method of Levinson (2009) and the input-output analysis framework of Miller and Blair (2009) to make a statistical decomposition of the actual emissions of the above three atmospheric pollutants in 2001-2010 years, and calculate the scale effect, the structure effect, the technical effect and international trade. The results of statistical decomposition show that the technical effect of the emission intensity measured by the four sources is the main reason for the fluctuation of the three kinds of air pollutants in the ten years, the scale effect of the output of Zhang Daibiao, the representative of the different industries. The structural effects and the possible pollution transfer in international trade did not significantly promote the emission reduction of air pollution. The results of statistical decomposition provide the direction and ideas for the following analysis: since the technical effect plays a leading role in the emission reduction of air pollution, which social and economic factors have promoted the emission intensity of the pollution. From the fourth chapter to the seventh chapter, we discuss and analyze the downward trend of the emission of air pollutants in China and the reasons for the change of the intensity of the pollution emission. The general equilibrium analysis framework of the fourth chapters is the theoretical basis of the fifth to seventh chapters, and the parameters of the fifth and sixth chapter analysis are also seventh chapters. Based on the idea of Shapiro and Walker (2015), the fourth chapter starts from the basic economic assumptions such as the maximization of consumer utility and the maximization of producer profits. The government's environmental regulation and the trade costs undertaken by enterprises in the export activities are included in the analysis framework, and one can reflect the enterprise level and the industry level. A theoretical model for determining the emission of pollutants. This theoretical analysis framework is a good reflection of the mechanism of enterprise production behavior, government environmental regulation and international trade in the change of pollutant emissions: the emission of pollutants brought by enterprise production activities is affected by its productivity level, the intensity of environmental regulation and the cost of trade, so the three According to the statistical decomposition of the third chapter, the technical effect of the pollution emission intensity represents the fluctuation and decline of the emission of air pollutants in China's manufacturing industry. The main reason of the trend is that the theoretical model of the fourth chapter also shows that the intensity of pollution emission is influenced by the level of productivity, the intensity of environmental regulation and the cost of trade. Therefore, the comparison of the role of the three in the change of the emission of air pollutants can be found out that the emission of air pollutants in China's manufacturing industry is fluctuating and decreasing. Based on the microcosmic data of the 2001-2007 year enterprise level of the Chinese industrial enterprise database, the fifth chapter calculates the emission intensity and the elastic coefficient of the pollution reduction intensity in the theoretical model. This elastic coefficient also represents the emission reduction of the air pollution in the unit output, so the environmental protection tax can be applied to different industries. Using the results of Hsieh and Ossa (2011), the sixth chapter obtains the substitution elasticity between different industries and the parameters of the productivity level that obeys the Pareto distribution. The results of the fifth and sixth chapters provide the key parameters for the theoretical model, and the seventh chapter brings these parameters into the theoretical analysis. In the equilibrium conditions obtained by the framework, the impact of the three people on the 2001-2007 year air pollutant emission changes in China's manufacturing industry is estimated by using the industry level data on the productivity level, environmental regulation intensity and international trade, and the anti fact analysis method is used to estimate the impact of the changes in the emission of air pollutants in China's manufacturing industry. The results of the anti fact analysis show that environmental regulation is the result of the anti fact analysis. The main reason for the decline of foot pollution emission intensity is that the emission reduction trend from China's manufacturing industry in the past seven years is due to environmental regulation. The analysis framework before the eighth chapter takes into account the national level, the industry level and the enterprise level, except in the statistical decomposition of the third chapter to China. The simple analysis of the pollution emission intensity in the same province has not taken into account the differences between China's regions, but China has a vast territory, and the natural geography and social and economic conditions in different regions vary widely, and the analysis based on the national level does not fully reflect the actual situation of China's air pollution. The eighth chapter is supplemented and constructed. A common agent model of two regions is built to analyze the impact of a point income factor on the intensity of environmental regulation in different regions in the framework of environmental equity. The results show that the difference in economic development level in different regions will affect the distribution of pollution sources in the atmosphere, so the income factors will make it possible The implementation of the environmental policy is biased. The final chapter is the conclusion and policy recommendations. The results of this paper focus on two aspects. On the one hand, the micro effect mechanism of the social and economic factors on the changes in the emission of air pollutants in China. The analysis of the impact mechanism of various factors is essential. The analysis of the impact mechanism can not only provide causal logic for empirical analysis, avoid simple correlation analysis, but also provide more accurate direction for air pollution emission reduction policies. On the other hand, the effect of heterogeneity on the change of air pollutant emissions. Home, different regions, different time periods, different industries, different pollutants, etc., will affect the results of the analysis of the influence factors of the emission of air pollutants. If the above factors are not distinguished to study atmospheric pollution, some errors will inevitably be caused, and the policy of anti pollution and haze based on such research results will be biased and ineffective. The potential innovation points of this paper include the following three aspects: first, it emphasizes the fact that the emission of air pollutants in China presents a trend of fluctuation, which is the starting point of the study. In the process of the study, the causes of changes in the actual emissions of air pollutants are analyzed and the different industries and different areas are distinguished. Based on the results for air quality improvement, suggestions for different industries, different regions and different air pollutants, namely "precision emission reduction", are helpful to improve the efficiency of air pollution in one step. Second, theoretical analysis from the consumer efficiency. With the assumption of maximizing the profit of producers and incorporating the environmental regulations and trade costs into the same framework, it is possible to reverse the hypothesis of maximizing producer profits.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X51

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