本文選題：煤礦開(kāi)采 + 覆巖運(yùn)動(dòng)��； 參考：《北京科技大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)厚硬巖層礦井礦震等動(dòng)力災(zāi)害頻發(fā),強(qiáng)礦震除了能夠誘發(fā)井下沖擊之外,還能夠?qū)?構(gòu))筑物造成震動(dòng)損害,給礦區(qū)居民造成心理“恐慌”礦震由采礦安全問(wèn)題逐步演化成公共安全問(wèn)題。針對(duì)厚硬巖層礦井,前人研究主要偏向于井下災(zāi)害防治,但是兼顧井下防沖與地面防(減)震的理論和方法研究相對(duì)較少。鑒于此,本文開(kāi)展了厚硬巖層礦井礦震與沖擊復(fù)合動(dòng)力災(zāi)害防控研究,取得了如下主要成果：(1)研究了厚硬巖層運(yùn)動(dòng)與垂直應(yīng)力和水平應(yīng)力演化之間的關(guān)系,提出了厚硬巖層采場(chǎng)條件下“礦震-沖擊”復(fù)合型動(dòng)力災(zāi)害發(fā)生的預(yù)測(cè)模型。以工作面開(kāi)采前-中-后的厚硬巖層運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)和覆巖結(jié)構(gòu)分布為基礎(chǔ),劃分了不同采動(dòng)類型的工作面,得到了采場(chǎng)圍巖垂直和水平應(yīng)力估算方法,建立了此條件下厚硬巖層破斷運(yùn)動(dòng)模型,提出了厚硬巖層采場(chǎng)條件下“礦震-沖擊”復(fù)合型動(dòng)力災(zāi)害的預(yù)測(cè)模型。(2)提出了厚硬巖層破斷運(yùn)動(dòng)的地面“震動(dòng)損害邊界”的觀點(diǎn)及其評(píng)估預(yù)測(cè)方法。在強(qiáng)礦震引起地面震動(dòng)案例分析的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了“震動(dòng)損害邊界”的觀點(diǎn),以質(zhì)點(diǎn)震動(dòng)速度作為震動(dòng)損害的主要評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),初步建立了礦震誘發(fā)地面震動(dòng)損害的評(píng)估方法。根據(jù)厚硬巖層破斷誘發(fā)強(qiáng)礦震的條件,提出了降低地面震動(dòng)損害的防控思路：①改變礦震孕育的條件,②減小一次礦震釋放的能量。通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)開(kāi)采實(shí)踐,取得了良好效果。(3)探討了深井厚硬巖層條件礦井煤柱沖擊失穩(wěn)與變形和地面建筑物保護(hù)的關(guān)系,提出了控制長(zhǎng)期高應(yīng)力作用下煤柱沖擊失穩(wěn)與變形的方法。方法包括：①走向方向煤柱不發(fā)生沖擊失穩(wěn)破壞：②走向方向煤柱不發(fā)生煤體長(zhǎng)時(shí)強(qiáng)度降低而導(dǎo)致的失穩(wěn)破壞；③傾斜方向煤柱保持均勻變形,從而使地面不發(fā)生明顯拉伸破壞。通過(guò)建立模型,得到了煤柱寬度設(shè)計(jì)公式,研究成果在山東某礦得到驗(yàn)證與運(yùn)用。(4)研究了厚硬巖層-煤柱(小關(guān)鍵工作面)系統(tǒng)的協(xié)調(diào)變形、失穩(wěn)預(yù)測(cè)和災(zāi)害防治方法。以某礦實(shí)際工程為背景,分析煤柱豎直變形的應(yīng)力來(lái)源、形式和整體協(xié)調(diào)變形機(jī)制,得到了厚硬巖層-煤柱系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)變形的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變關(guān)系,探討了厚硬巖層-煤柱系統(tǒng)失穩(wěn)類型、判據(jù)及其對(duì)井下動(dòng)力災(zāi)害發(fā)生影響。(5)提出了厚硬巖層采場(chǎng)關(guān)鍵(回采)工作面防沖-減震的開(kāi)采設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化方法。采用工作面整體穩(wěn)定性和礦震引起地面建(構(gòu))筑物的震動(dòng)損害作為主要評(píng)估指標(biāo),通過(guò)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),確定了關(guān)鍵工作面位置及參數(shù)。本文的觀點(diǎn)和相關(guān)結(jié)論是初步的,尚需要在更多的實(shí)踐和理論分析基礎(chǔ)上不斷改進(jìn)和完善,為解決工程難題提供更有效的理論和方法。
[Abstract]:In recent years, there have been frequent dynamic disasters such as mine earthquakes in thick and hard rock strata. Strong mine earthquakes can not only induce underground shocks, but also cause vibration damage to buildings. The mine shock caused psychological panic to the mining area residents from the mining safety problem to the public safety problem. For thick and hard strata mine, previous researches are mainly focused on downhole disaster prevention, but the theory and method of both downhole erosion prevention and surface earthquake mitigation are relatively few. In view of this, this paper has carried out the study on the prevention and control of mine earthquake and shock combined dynamic disasters in thick hard rock mines. The main achievements are as follows: 1) the relationship between the movement of thick hard rock and the evolution of vertical stress and horizontal stress is studied. A prediction model for the occurrence of complex dynamic disasters of "mine shock and shock" under the condition of thick hard rock stope is put forward. Based on the movement state of thick hard strata and the distribution of overburden structure before and after mining, the working faces of different mining types are divided, and the vertical and horizontal stress estimation methods of surrounding rock in stope are obtained. The fracture movement model of thick hard rock under this condition is established. In this paper, the prediction model of "mine shock impact" composite dynamic disaster under the condition of thick hard rock stope is put forward. The viewpoint of ground "vibration damage boundary" of thick hard rock stratum breaking movement and its evaluation and prediction method are put forward. On the basis of case analysis of ground motion caused by strong mine earthquake, the paper puts forward the viewpoint of "vibration damage boundary". Taking particle vibration velocity as the main evaluation index of vibration damage, a preliminary evaluation method of ground motion damage induced by mine earthquake is established. According to the condition of strong mine earthquake induced by thick hard rock fracture, the prevention and control thought of reducing ground vibration damage is put forward. The way of prevention and control is to change the condition of mine earthquake preparation by changing the condition of mine earthquake preparation and to reduce the energy released by a mine earthquake. Through the field mining practice, good results have been obtained.) the relationship between the impact instability and deformation of coal pillar and the protection of ground building under the condition of thick and hard strata in deep well is discussed, and the method of controlling the impact instability and deformation of coal pillar under the action of long-term high stress is put forward. The method includes the failure of impact instability of the pillar in the direction of 1: 1 strike direction, the failure of the pillar in the direction of strike 2 of the coal pillar caused by the reduction of the long-term strength of the coal body, and the failure of the pillar in the inclined direction of the coal pillar to maintain uniform deformation. As a result, there is no obvious tensile damage to the ground. By establishing the model, the design formula of coal pillar width is obtained, and the research results are verified and applied in a certain mine in Shandong Province. The coordinated deformation, instability prediction and disaster prevention methods of thick hard rock stratum and coal pillar (small key face) system are studied. Based on the actual engineering of a certain mine, the stress source, form and overall coordinated deformation mechanism of coal pillar vertical deformation are analyzed, and the stress-strain relationship between thick hard rock stratum and coal pillar system is obtained. This paper discusses the instability type of thick hard rock stratum-coal pillar system, the criterion and its influence on underground dynamic disaster. It puts forward the mining design optimization method for the key (mining) face of thick hard rock strata to prevent scour and reduce vibration. The overall stability of the working face and the ground building (structure) damage caused by the mine earthquake are used as the main evaluation indexes. Through the optimization design, the position and parameters of the key working face are determined. The viewpoints and relevant conclusions of this paper are preliminary and need to be improved and perfected on the basis of more practice and theoretical analysis to provide more effective theories and methods for solving engineering problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD32
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本文編號(hào)：2027244