本文選題：汽輪發(fā)電機(jī) + 負(fù)序運(yùn)行��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：大型汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)在我國電力系統(tǒng)以及國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中占據(jù)重要位置,其穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行能力直接關(guān)系到電網(wǎng)的安全與穩(wěn)定。負(fù)載不對(duì)稱是大型汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)常見的運(yùn)行狀態(tài),由此引發(fā)的負(fù)序分量會(huì)在汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)中引起磁場(chǎng)畸變、轉(zhuǎn)子溫升、轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng),危害發(fā)電機(jī)運(yùn)行安全與壽命,影響機(jī)組系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行安全。已有文獻(xiàn)對(duì)負(fù)序運(yùn)行能力進(jìn)行了限定,而對(duì)負(fù)序運(yùn)行狀態(tài)誘發(fā)的電機(jī)內(nèi)電流、磁場(chǎng)、電磁力、電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩以及溫度等特征參量的變化機(jī)理未做深入研究。論文圍繞負(fù)序產(chǎn)生機(jī)理、負(fù)序運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下的磁場(chǎng)分布、電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩、負(fù)序運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下的轉(zhuǎn)子溫度場(chǎng)等特征規(guī)律進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)研究。根據(jù)大型汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)運(yùn)行特征和系統(tǒng)要求,在研究負(fù)序運(yùn)行基礎(chǔ)理論和特征量計(jì)算方法的基礎(chǔ)上,闡明了負(fù)序電流對(duì)大型汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)產(chǎn)生危害的機(jī)理,結(jié)合汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)不對(duì)稱運(yùn)行的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),推導(dǎo)出了定子單相接地短路和兩相短路暫態(tài)負(fù)序電流的表達(dá)式。在此基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)用電機(jī)穩(wěn)態(tài)運(yùn)行分析理論和磁動(dòng)勢(shì)矢量軌跡表達(dá)式,給出了多種負(fù)序分量條件下汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)合成磁動(dòng)勢(shì)軌跡圖,揭示了負(fù)序分量對(duì)汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)磁動(dòng)勢(shì)軌跡的影響規(guī)律。以某大型核電汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)為例,結(jié)合工程運(yùn)行要求,確定出了其穩(wěn)態(tài)負(fù)序和暫態(tài)負(fù)序運(yùn)行能力。在分析大型汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)負(fù)序運(yùn)行過程和磁動(dòng)勢(shì)特性的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合麥克斯韋電磁場(chǎng)矢量磁位微分方程,建立了汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)二維電磁場(chǎng)場(chǎng)-路-運(yùn)動(dòng)耦合數(shù)學(xué)模型。以某大型汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),通過對(duì)電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)的合理簡化,建立了汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)負(fù)序運(yùn)行的物理模型,并通過真機(jī)空載與短路實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了模型的合理與有效性。在此基礎(chǔ)上,分別對(duì)汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)在額定工況和多種負(fù)序分量含量條件下的磁場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了計(jì)算,對(duì)比分析了同一負(fù)序分量條件下,電機(jī)運(yùn)行在不同時(shí)刻時(shí)的磁密分布特征,以及不同負(fù)序分量條件下,同一時(shí)刻的磁密分布特征,同時(shí)對(duì)空載、額定和含極限負(fù)序分量條件下氣隙磁場(chǎng)特性進(jìn)行了分析,確定出了轉(zhuǎn)子大齒表面磁場(chǎng)時(shí)-空變化規(guī)律和負(fù)序分量對(duì)磁場(chǎng)分布的影響規(guī)律。結(jié)合同步電機(jī)磁動(dòng)勢(shì)行波表達(dá)式和虛位移法,推導(dǎo)出了含負(fù)序分量運(yùn)行條件下汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)的電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩表達(dá)式,明確了含負(fù)序分量運(yùn)行條件下二倍頻電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩產(chǎn)生的機(jī)理。通過對(duì)額定工況和不同負(fù)序分量影響下電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩的數(shù)值計(jì)算及轉(zhuǎn)矩頻譜特性的分析,揭示出了正序分量相同,負(fù)序分量不同狀態(tài)下,以及負(fù)序分量相同,而正序分量不同狀態(tài)下電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩的變頻規(guī)律。同時(shí)對(duì)負(fù)序運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下勵(lì)磁繞組以及轉(zhuǎn)子槽兩側(cè)的受力分布進(jìn)行了計(jì)算,分析了額定工況和多種負(fù)序分量下勵(lì)磁繞組和轉(zhuǎn)子槽壁的受力分布特征,揭示了負(fù)序分量對(duì)其分布的影響規(guī)律。針對(duì)汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子大齒有無阻尼,轉(zhuǎn)子槽楔采用磁性或兩種非磁性材料的情況,計(jì)算了汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)電樞電流存在負(fù)序分量時(shí),汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)的電磁場(chǎng)分布、氣隙磁密波形和各次諧波。選取汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子軸向中心位置的二維截面為其溫度場(chǎng)求解區(qū)域,建立了汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)二維穩(wěn)態(tài)溫度場(chǎng)分析數(shù)學(xué)模型,基于電磁場(chǎng)分析結(jié)果,對(duì)比研究了汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子采用不同槽楔,電樞電流存在負(fù)序分量時(shí),汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子溫度場(chǎng)的特征規(guī)律。本論文的研究,可為大型汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、運(yùn)行性能分析以及負(fù)序問題的研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Large turbogenerator occupies an important position in China's power system and the development of national economy. Its stable operation ability is directly related to the safety and stability of the power grid. The load asymmetry is the common running state of large turbogenerator. The negative sequence component will cause magnetic field distortion, rotor temperature rise and torque in the turbo generator. The fluctuation, which endangering the safety and life of the generator, affects the operation safety of the unit system. The existing literature has limited the negative sequence operation ability, and the mechanism of the change of the characteristic parameters such as the current, magnetic field, electromagnetic force, electromagnetic torque and temperature induced by negative sequence running state has not been studied deeply. The characteristics of magnetic field distribution, electromagnetic torque and rotor temperature field under negative sequence operating state are studied in negative sequence. Based on the operation characteristics and system requirements of large turbogenerator, the negative sequence current is introduced to large turbogenerator on the basis of the study of the basic theory of the negative sequence operation and the calculation method of the characteristic quantity. The mechanism of the harmfulness is combined with the topology of the unsymmetrical operation of the turbogenerator. The expression of the stator single-phase grounding short circuit and the transient negative sequence current of the two phase short circuit are derived. On this basis, the synthetic magnetodynamics of the turbogenerator are given under the conditions of the steady operation of the motor and the expression of the magnetic potential vector trajectory. The influence of the negative sequence component on the magnetodynamic potential trajectory of a turbogenerator is revealed. Taking a large nuclear power turbo generator as an example, the steady negative sequence and transient negative sequence operation capacity of a large turbogenerator are determined. On the basis of the analysis of the characteristics of the negative sequence operation and the magnetomotive force of the large turbogenerator, Max is combined with the performance of the large turbogenerator. On the basis of the structure data of a large turbogenerator, the physical model of the negative sequence operation of the turbogenerator is established on the basis of the structure data of a large turbogenerator, and the model is verified by the real aircraft no-load and short circuit experiment. On the basis of this, the magnetic field of the turbogenerator under the condition of rated working condition and a variety of negative sequence components is calculated, and the magnetic density distribution characteristics of the motor at different times under the condition of the same negative sequence component and the magnetic density distribution at the same time under the condition of different negative sequence components are compared and analyzed. At the same time, the air gap magnetic field characteristics under the condition of no load, rated and limit negative sequence components are analyzed. The law of time to air change and the influence of negative sequence component on the distribution of magnetic field are determined. The vapour containing negative sequence component is derived in combination with the expression of magnetic potential wave of synchronous motor and the method of virtual displacement. The electromagnetic torque expression of the wheel generator, the mechanism of the generation of two frequency doubling electromagnetic torque under the operating condition of negative sequence component is clarified. Through the numerical calculation of the electromagnetic torque and the analysis of the torque spectrum characteristics under the influence of the rated working condition and the different negative sequence components, the positive sequence components are identical, the negative sequence components are in different states and the negative sequence components are found. At the same time, the frequency conversion law of electromagnetic torque under different positive sequence components is calculated. At the same time, the force distribution of excitation windings and rotor slots on both sides of the rotor slot under negative sequence operation state is calculated. The characteristics of the force distribution of the excitation winding and the rotor slot wall under the rated working condition and a variety of negative sequence components are analyzed, and the influence of the negative sequence component on its distribution is revealed. According to the condition of magnetic or two non magnetic materials, the electromagnetic distribution of the turbo generator, the air gap magnetic density waveform and the harmonics are calculated for the rotor slot wedge using magnetic or two non magnetic materials. The two-dimensional cross section of the axial center position of the turbogenerator rotor is selected. The mathematical model of the two-dimensional steady temperature field analysis of the turbogenerator is established. Based on the results of the electromagnetic field analysis, the characteristics of the rotor temperature field of the turbo generator rotor are compared with the different slot wedges and the armature current has negative sequence. This paper can be used as a large turbogenerator. It lays a foundation for structural design, performance analysis and negative sequence research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM311

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