本文選題：土壤 + 重金屬污染�。� 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：流域系統(tǒng)以其獨(dú)有的特點(diǎn),承載著其范圍內(nèi)工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)及居民生活所需的水資源。汾河流域是山西省工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)發(fā)達(dá)、人口集中的主要地區(qū),其中工業(yè)產(chǎn)值占全省的46%,農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)值占全省的64%。沿岸地區(qū)每年從汾河取水24.3億立方米,占全省水資源利用總量的46%。同時(shí)也承載著流域內(nèi)人口生產(chǎn)、生活廢水的排放和輸送。年復(fù)一年,周而復(fù)始的長期污水排放,給河道、灘地、底泥基質(zhì)、周邊土地以及地下水帶來哪些影響?生態(tài)修復(fù)治理的重點(diǎn)是什么?排污河道資源可持續(xù)利用和發(fā)展路徑何在?這些問題都是亟待人們關(guān)注和研究的問題。本文依托山西省設(shè)立的專題研究項(xiàng)目《河道主要污染物橫向積累遷移規(guī)律研究》,以汾河干流中游及下游地區(qū)為研究對象,以揭示汾河中下游地區(qū)河道、灘地、底泥基質(zhì)、周邊土地以及地下水重金屬污染程度、遷移規(guī)律及分布特征為目標(biāo),在進(jìn)行汾河典型斷面野外規(guī)�；到y(tǒng)取樣、化驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行了以汾河典型斷面污染物空間分布特征、溶質(zhì)運(yùn)移動(dòng)力學(xué)機(jī)理、重金屬遷移過程研究、污染預(yù)測模型及針對性修復(fù)措施、汾河重金屬污染物遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)測方案為主要內(nèi)容的分析與研究。研究結(jié)論對類似河流因地制宜采取科學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)的防治、監(jiān)測措施具有較好的參考價(jià)值,同時(shí)為流域尺度深入研究水體污染、擴(kuò)散提供了借鑒。本論文的研究成果包括:1.以汾河中下游干流流經(jīng)的三處重點(diǎn)城市河段作為研究區(qū)域,選取清徐、臨汾、運(yùn)城三地為采樣斷面,各斷面處地表水、(水平距離120m、縱向深度5m范圍)河床土壤及各采樣區(qū)周邊5-24km范圍內(nèi)地下水為樣品,研究以重金屬鉛、鎘、鉻、汞為主的各類污染物含量、分布特征及擴(kuò)散規(guī)律。2.各采樣斷面土壤均以砂、粉粒為主,每個(gè)斷面全部樣品及采樣原點(diǎn)位置底泥平均粘粒含量順序?yàn)?臨汾清徐運(yùn)城;土壤容重順序?yàn)?運(yùn)城清徐臨汾;土壤含水量順序?yàn)?臨汾清徐運(yùn)城。自然條件下,土壤粒徑分布是土壤容重、含水量的重要影響因素。3.各斷面河床土壤均為富營養(yǎng)化狀態(tài);地表水中汞、鎘均為重度污染、鉻次之,鉛污染程度較輕;地下水以汞污染最為普遍和嚴(yán)重,其次為鎘、鉻,鉛污染較輕;河床底泥及灘地土壤中鎘含量接近或超過三級“土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,為重度污染,鉛、汞污染程度較輕,鉻含量較低,沒有構(gòu)成污染;沿岸土壤重金屬污染物分布規(guī)律大致為沿縱向深度與水平距離的增加,呈減小趨勢;各重金屬地表富集現(xiàn)象不甚明顯且各異。4.研究得出通常情況下影響重金屬污染物在土壤中遷移的主要因素為土壤粒徑分布、土壤容重、水勢梯度、水源污染物濃度及水位因素。5.利用軟件模擬河流補(bǔ)給沿岸河床土壤污染物橫向擴(kuò)散模型,預(yù)測近岸土壤在污水匯入情況下,重金屬污染物橫向擴(kuò)散趨勢。6.針對土壤重金屬鎘的污染現(xiàn)狀,提出以控制污染源頭為主,在重點(diǎn)污染區(qū)域采取由耕改建或采取生物修復(fù)措施,并提出一種結(jié)合土壤污染物傳感器的監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)方案。土壤重金屬遷移過程復(fù)雜多樣,且周期漫長,采樣運(yùn)輸、化驗(yàn)階段誤差不可完全避免,因此尚無法完全準(zhǔn)確的建立其預(yù)測模型,或及時(shí)獲取大范圍樣品分析結(jié)論。試驗(yàn)方案或模型建立基于均質(zhì)土壤進(jìn)行,在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中應(yīng)多考慮非均質(zhì)土對污染物擴(kuò)散的影響,需結(jié)合最新檢測手段,實(shí)測采樣區(qū)土壤水動(dòng)力各項(xiàng)參數(shù)。
[Abstract]:The basin system, with its unique characteristics, carries the water resources needed for its industrial, agricultural and residential areas. The Fenhe River Basin is the main area of Shanxi province industry, agricultural production and population concentration, of which the industrial output value accounts for 46% of the province, and the agricultural output value accounts for 2 billion 430 million cubic meters of water from the Fenhe River in the 64%. coastal areas of the province. The 46%. of the total utilization of water resources also carries the population production, the discharge and transportation of domestic wastewater. What are the effects of the long-term sewage discharge on the river, the beach, the bottom mud matrix, the surrounding land and the groundwater? What are the key points of ecological remediation? The sustainable utilization of sewage river resources and the sustainable utilization of sewage. What is the development path? These problems are the problems that need attention and research. This paper, based on the special research project set up in Shanxi Province, is a study of the horizontal accumulation and migration of main pollutants in the river, and takes the middle and lower reaches of the Fenhe River as the research object to reveal the river, beach, sediment matrix and surrounding land in the middle and lower reaches of Fenhe River. As well as the pollution degree of heavy metals and the distribution and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the groundwater, on the basis of sampling and testing in the field scale system of the typical section of Fenhe River, the spatial distribution characteristics of pollutants in the typical section of Fenhe River, the mechanism of solute transport and movement, the study of the migration process of heavy metals, the prediction model of pollution and the targeted restoration are carried out. Measures, the analysis and study of the remote monitoring scheme for the heavy metal pollutants in Fenhe River are the main contents. The conclusions have good reference value for the scientific, economic prevention and control measures of similar rivers to local conditions. At the same time, it provides a reference for the deep study of water pollution and diffusion in the basin scale. The research results of this paper include: 1. Three key urban rivers in the middle and lower reaches of the middle and lower reaches of the river are selected as the research areas, and three areas of Qingxu, Linfen and Yuncheng are selected as sample sections, surface water at each section, (horizontal distance 120m, 5m range of longitudinal depth) and the 5-24km in the surrounding area of each sampling area are the samples, and the various kinds of pollution mainly of heavy metal lead, cadmium, chromium and mercury are studied. The contents, distribution characteristics and diffusion rules of the soil were all sand and powder, and the order of the average clay content in every sample and sampling site was Yuncheng in Qingxu, Linfen; the order of soil bulk density in Yuncheng, Qingxu and Linfen; the order of soil water content in Linfen, Qingxu, Yuncheng. Under natural conditions, soil particle size The distribution is the soil bulk density, the important influence factor of the water content of.3., the soil of each section of the river bed is eutrophic, and the mercury and cadmium in the surface water are all seriously polluted, the chromium is the second, the lead pollution is lighter, the most common and serious mercury pollution in the groundwater is the cadmium, chromium and lead pollution, and the cadmium content in the sediment and the beach soil in the river bed is close or super. Over three levels of "soil environmental quality standard" for heavy pollution, lead and mercury pollution, low chromium content and no pollution, the distribution regularity of heavy metal pollutants along the coastal soil is approximately decreasing along the vertical depth and horizontal distance, and the concentration of heavy metal surface is not obvious and the different.4. studies get the common situation. The main factors affecting the migration of heavy metal pollutants in soil are soil particle size distribution, soil bulk density, water potential gradient, water pollutant concentration and water level factor.5. using software to simulate the lateral diffusion model of soil pollutants in river bed, and predict the lateral diffusion of heavy metal pollutants in the coastal soil. Trend.6., aiming at the pollution status of heavy metal and cadmium in soil, proposed to control the source of pollution mainly. In the key polluted areas, the measures of reconstructing or taking bioremediation were adopted, and a monitoring system combined with soil pollutants sensor was proposed. The migration process of heavy metals in soil was complex and varied, and the period of sampling and transportation was long. The error can not be completely avoided, so it is not quite accurate to establish its prediction model, or to obtain the conclusion of large range sample analysis in time. The experiment scheme or model is based on homogeneous soil. In practical application, the effect of heterogeneous soil on the diffusion of pollutants should be considered, and the soil water movement in the sampling area should be measured with the latest detection methods. Force each parameter.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X52

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